金融危机背景下再论金融发展与经济增长——基于发达经济体与新兴市场国家的实证检验

20世纪90年代以来,全球金融危机频发,引发对金融发展、政策与经济增长关系的重新思考。本文收集了39个国家和地区1994～2007年间的年度数据,利用面板数据计量经济分析方法,针对发达经济体与新兴市场和发展中国家的不同,通过面板数据的单位根检验、协整分析和构建误差修正模型,检验金融发展、政策与经济增长的长期均衡关系及短期因果关系。     

The Finance–Growth Link in Latin America

This paper analyzes the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Latin America with a Granger causality test and impulse response functions in a panel vector autoregression (VAR) model. With annual observations from a sample of 18 countries from 1962 to 2005, it is shown that while economic growth causes financial development, financial development does not cause economic growth. This finding is robust to different model specifications and different financial indicators. Interestingly, when the sample is divided according to different income levels and institutional quality, there is two‐way causality between financial development and economic growth only for the middle income group and for countries with stronger rule of law and creditor rights. The impulse response functions show that a shock to financial development has a positive impact on economic growth only for these subsamples, but the net effect of financial development on growth is relatively small.     

Financial Liberalization Policies and Economic Growth: Panel Data Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa

Abstract: The paper conducts an empirical investigation into the effects of financial liberalization policies on the growth of 19 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Two indexes are constructed which measure the gradual progression and institutional changes involved in financial liberalization. Because these indexes track specific financial liberalization policies, they provide better measures of financial liberalization than the indicators of financial development often used in the literature. Panel data estimates show a significant positive relationship between economic growth and financial liberalization policies. Our results are robust to alternative specifications of the model, and also across slow‐ and fast‐growing countries.     

Effects of financial reform on business entry in sub‐Saharan African countries: Do resource dependence and institutional quality matter?

This paper examined the effects of the financial liberalization strategy adopted on the African continent over 25 years ago in promoting new business entry using data from 22 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries in 2006–2017. Results from the dynamic generalized method of moments models show that: financial development via a policy of financial liberalization does not have a uniform effect on entrepreneurship; the interest rate gap significantly undermines the entrance of new firms; the ratio of broad money/gross domestic product (GDP) was positive and statistically significant while real interest rate had mixed findings; interactive effects of interest rate spread and real interest rate with regulatory quality was negative; the interaction of interest rate spread and real interest rate with natural resources confirms its destabilizing effect, although there was evidence suggesting that natural resources do not directly undermine entrepreneurship growth. Other results show real GDP and private credit have a significantly positive effect, and the cost of getting electricity significantly undermines entrepreneurship. The study calls for the need to deepen the financial sector though targeted reforms across SSA countries to reap its growth‐inducing effects on economic outcomes, while promoting institutional quality and efficient use of natural resources to achieve a non‐declining infusion of SMEs on the continent.     

Does inflation matter for growth?

The interaction between inflation and economic growth is studied within a simple model incorporating money and finance into an optimal growth framework with constant returns to capital. The model includes the potential impact of inflation on growth, via (a) saving and real interest rates, (b) velocity and financial development, (c) the government budget deficit through the inflation tax and tax erosion, and (d) efficiency in production through the wedge between the returns to real and financial capital. The hypothesized effect of inflation on long-run growth through these channels is estimated by applying the random-effects panel model to two sets of unbalanced panel data side by side, from the Penn World Tables and from the World Bank, covering 170 countries from 1960 to 1992. The cross-country links between inflation and growth are economically and statistically significant and robust. Specifically, the results show that inflation in excess of 10–20 percent per year is generally detrimental to growth.     

Investigating the relationship between health and economic growth: Empirical evidence from a panel of 5 Asian countries

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between health and economic growth through including investment, exports, imports, and research and development (R&D), for 5 Asian countries using panel unit root, panel cointegration with structural breaks and panel long-run estimator for the period 1974–2007. We model this relationship within the production function framework, and unravel two important results. First, we find that in all four variants of the growth model, variables share a long-run relationship; that is, they are cointegrated. Second, we find that in the long-run, while health, investment, exports, EDRD (the interaction term between education and R&D), and R&D have contributed positively to economic growth, imports have had a statistically significant negative effect while education has had an insignificant effect. We draw important policy implications from these findings.     

环境规制、产业结构升级与经济增长——基于东盟国家的实证检验

利用2010—2017年东盟国家面板数据构建计量模型,考察环境规制、产业结构升级与经济增长三者之间的关系。结果表明：目前阶段,东盟国家环保关注度和环境政策措施与经济增长呈负相关关系,而环境政策级别与经济增长呈正相关关系。为了研究环境规制影响经济增长的路径,在基础模型的基础上,以产业结构优化升级为中介变量,构建中介效应模型,实证结果显示,产业结构优化升级在环境规制与经济增长的关系中起到部分中介作用。     

The Role of Property Rights in the Relationship between Capital Flows and Economic Growth in SSA: Do Natural Resources Endowment and Country Income Level Matter?

This paper studies the role played by the quality of property rights in the linkages of international capital flows into sub‐Saharan African (SSA) economies. Using panel data of 36 SSA countries over the period 1996–2015 and the ARDL procedure with the Pooled Mean Group regression method appropriate for non‐stationary panel data estimation, we account for the joint effects of property rights quality and openness to foreign capital flows on economic growth. We uncover the existence of a property rights quality threshold beyond which property rights either amplifies the spillovers effects or attenuates the negative effect of capital flows on economic growth. For instance, it takes a level of property rights of at least 60 to have a positive long‐term impact of capital flows on economic growth in natural resource‐poor African countries. The quality of property rights matters more to obtain spillover effects of capital flows on growth in natural resource‐poor countries than in their peer natural resource‐rich countries. Finally, with regard to the countries' income levels, capital flows have significant long‐term spillovers effects on economic growth in advanced African economies than in their low‐income peers.     

Rethinking the impact of GDP on financial development: Evidence from heterogeneous panels

This paper examines the nonlinear impact of real GDP per capita on financial development in a panel of 125 countries. It also determines the moderating effect of inflation on the impact of GDP on financial development. It employs the dynamic panel system generalized method of moments (GMM) and the dynamic common correlated effects (CCE) to do both panel and country‐specific analysis, as well as control for cross‐sectional dependence, heterogeneity and endogeneity. This study shows that GDP has a positive impact on financial development in the entire panel. However, when we split the panel into different income groups, we find a positive impact in the high‐ and middle‐income groups while the impact is insignificant in the low income group. Although we find no evidence of a nonlinear impact of GDP on financial development in the panel, the country‐specific analysis reveals a significant nonlinear relationship between GDP and financial development in 73 countries. We also show that inflation adversely moderates the positive impact of GDP on financial development in middle‐income countries. This study implies that the relationship between GDP and financial development depends on the levels of GDP and inflation rate. We recommend some policy options based on the findings.     

Migrant Remittances Provide Resilience Against Disasters in Africa

How responsive are migrant remittances to various disasters, both natural and human-made? Would remittances be affected by systemic financial crises, such as the 2008–09 financial crisis, or more recent crises affecting the Eurozone? Using panel data on 23 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 1980 to 2007, we find that remittances are slow to respond to natural disasters, unresponsive to outbreaks of conflict, and will slowly decline following a systemic financial crisis. This suggests that, given its stability, remittances are sources of resilience in SSA.     

环境规制对区域工业企业创新效率的影响——基于技术密集度与金融发展的联合调节效应

利用2011—2017年中国省级面板数据,分析环境规制对区域工业企业创新效率的影响,探讨技术密集度与金融发展的调节作用以及两者联合效应。结果显示：环境规制能够提高区域工业企业创新效率;技术密集度和金融发展均对环境规制与区域工业企业创新效率的正向关系存在促进作用;技术密集度和金融发展具有联合调节效应,与低金融发展水平相比,高金融发展水平会放大技术密集度对环境规制与工业企业创新效率关系的促进作用。     

Financial Development,Financial Structure,and the Growth Effect of Monetary Policy: International Evidence

This paper investigates how financial development and financial structure affect the growth effect of monetary policy using panel data from 49 countries over the period 1980–2014. We find robust evidence that financial development has a significantly negative impact on the growth effect of monetary policy. We also find that the growth effect of monetary policy tends to be more pronounced as the financial structure of a country becomes more market-based. These results not only add interesting new evidence to the recent literature on the growth effects of monetary policy, but also provide some important insights into the financial determinants of monetary policy effects on economic growth, which have largely been ignored in the previous literature.     

生产性服务业与制造业协调发展与演化

理论推导验证生产性服务投入制造业的溢出效应,运用面板数据模型对生产性服务业和制造业耦合协调度的调节作用进行实证检验,并利用SIENA方法探索产业部门关联网络中节点互动的特质、协调发展的影响因素,发现了网络演化的机制.在产业耦合协调方面,制造业与生产性服务业的耦合度和耦合协调度对经济增长有正向调节作用,即双方的耦合协调带动生产性服务对制造业的溢出效应.在产业关联网络演化方面,产品部门之间的技术邻近性与市场邻近性促进联系的建立,开放度较高的产品部门更能够与其他部门建立联系.为了实现生产性服务业对制造业的促进作用,应鼓励跨领域合作,加强重点行业开放,推动生产性服务业和制造业进一步融合.     

Spillover effects in public healthcare expenditure in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A spatial panel analysis

While previous studies have neglected the spatial interaction effects in modelling healthcare expenditure across countries, this study provides the first thorough spatial analysis of public healthcare expenditures between countries so far. It investigates the determinants of public healthcare expenditure in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) using a balanced panel of 43 SSA countries over the period 2000 to 2015. Both spatial interdependence and individual heterogeneity are accounted for through the application of the spatial autoregressive model so as to avoid potential bias and inefficiencies in parameter estimates. In addition to statistically significant effects of income, population density, official development assistance, and political stability, the results indicate the existence of positive spatial dependence in public healthcare expenditure in SSA. This suggests that governments in SSA countries tend to base their decision to allocate healthcare expenditure on that of nearby countries. Moreover, the results reveal significant impacts of population density and official development assistance of neighbouring countries on a country's level of public healthcare expenditure.     

Information sharing offices and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa

Although credit availability is essential for economic growth, the information asymmetry problem inhibits the credit creation function of financial institutions. Among other means, information-sharing offices (ISOs) have been established, including private credit bureaus and public credit registries to provide information on the financial characteristics of citizens to reduce information asymmetry. From this background, this study used an explanatory research design with a longitudinal (panel) data approach to assess whether the coverage of information by ISOs affects sectorial and overall economic growth among sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using the system generalized method of moments technique on data from 2005 to 2019. The results highlight that information coverage by ISOs enhances sectorial and overall economic growth by solving the information asymmetry problem. From the findings, governments in SSA countries are encouraged to support public credit registries to effectively perform their mandate while providing incentives to attract investments in private credit bureaus since they contribute to economic growth.     

Stock Markets,Banks and Long Run Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration-Based Analysis

The aim of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship between the development of banks and stock markets and economic growth. We make use of a Johansen-based panel cointegration methodology allowing for cross-country dependence to test the number of cointegrating vectors among these three variables for 5 developing countries. In addition, we test the direction of potential causality between financial and economic development. Our results conclude to the existence of a single cointegrating vector between financial development and growth and of causality going from financial development to economic growth. We find little evidence of reverse causation as well as bi-directional causality. We interpret this as evidence supporting the significance of financial development for economic development although banks and stock markets may have different effects depending on the level of economic development.     

生产性服务业FDI对制造业效率影响研究——基于信息基础建设的调节效应

随着产业信息化的发展,信息基础建设对生产性服务业外商直接投资（FDI）和制造业效率之间的关系产生的影响越发显著。因此,揭示信息基础建设在生产性服务业FDI与制造业效率影响关系中发挥的作用具有重要的研究意义。采用2011—2020年中国省级面板数据为研究对象构建调节效应模型,在分析生产性服务业FDI对制造业效率影响的基础上,探讨信息基础建设在生产性服务业FDI与制造业效率影响关系中发挥的作用。结果表明：就全国而言,信息基础建设水平越高,生产性服务业FDI对制造业效率的促进作用越强;进一步考虑到区域异质性后发现,东部地区信息基础建设存在显著的正向调节效应,而西部地区信息基础建设的调节效应并不明显。     

Financial Deepening and Economic Growth Linkages: A Panel Data Analysis

The paper examines whether a long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth exists employing panel integration and cointegration techniques for a dynamic heterogeneous panel of 15 OECD and 50 non-OECD countries over the period 1975–2000. Three different measures of financial deepening are used to capture the variety of different channels through which financial development can affect growth. Our findings support the existence of a single long-run equilibrium relation between financial deepening, economic growth and a set of control variables. Further, the evidence points to a bi-directional causality between financial deepening and growth. JEL no. O11, O16, C33     

环境规制对制造业高质量发展的影响

在对环境规制和制造业高质量发展相关文献进行述评的基础上,基于2011-2020年中国统计年鉴数据,构建普通面板模型、调节效应模型、门限模型和空间杜宾模型分析环境规制对制造业高质量发展的影响.研究发现,环境规制对制造业高质量发展具有促进作用;外商投资质量在环境规制与制造业高质量发展关系中起正向调节作用;不同经济发展水平地区,环境规制对制造业高质量发展的影响程度不同,体现为经济发展水平较低地区＞经济发展水平较高地区;环境规制对制造业高质量发展存在空间溢出效应,对本辖区制造业高质量发展起到促进作用,但对邻域地区制造业高质量发展起到抑制作用。     

资本账户开放的门槛效应及路径研究

文章基于70个国家面板数据,实证检验了开放资本账户的增长效应。研究结果表明,资本账户开放具有国别差异,高收入国家开放资本账户的增长效应显著大于中低收入国家。在引入制度质量、货币政策、财政政策、对外开放度和金融发展5个初始条件指标建立动态门槛模型,研究发现,资本账户开放对经济增长的影响是非线性的,初始条件较低时资本账户开放不利于经济增长,当初始条件越过门槛值后,资本账户开放表现出积极的增长效应。结合跨境资本异质性和门槛效应,进一步发现开放直接投资的门槛最低,经济效应最大;开放债务投资的门槛最高,经济效应最小;开放股权投资的门槛效应介于前二者之间。经验分析为中国资本账户开放条件以及路径提供了参考。