城市发展贵在开拓创新

创新是新形势下促进县级城市快速、稳定、健康发展的关键 ,主要包括思维、制度、管理三方面的创新。思维创新是要用跳出城市看城市、跳出城建看城建的观点 ,树立以改革促发展的意识。制度创新体现在实行政企分开、事企分开、管养分离、公有民营、公共产品的企业化生产、以城养城等新体制。管理创新则包括规划的龙头作用、规范工程建设程序、实行长效管理等。     

中国特色的创新驱动发展战略研究

基于中国特色的创新方向研究,指出应构建国家创新体系,建立相互关联的机构组织组成的创新系统。在此基础上,提出了科技创新驱动的三种模式。在创新驱动发展过程中,应当充分利用政府研发资助政策降低企业研发活动成本,弥补单个企业在资源和技术方面的不足。最后从新的视角提出应建立和完善国家整体知识产权战略,以提升我国企业创新的整体竞争力。     

Innovation policy analysis and learning: Comparing Ireland and Taiwan

Taiwan and Ireland are regarded as being similar in their geographic positions and economic performances. Both countries moved from being agricultural economies to become major regional players, and are often pointed to as examples of positive national development and innovation. The main purpose of this article is to compare the two island countries’ innovation policies in a national context. The taxonomy of innovation policy proposed by Rothwell and Zegveld [1981, Industrial innovation and public policy. London: Frances Printer Ltd.] was adopted as the analysis framework for this study. The comparison shows that Taiwan's government employs more top-down policy instruments such as providing government research funding and resources to target industries. The Irish government successfully creates an innovation-friendly environment to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to facilitate research and development at the firm level. Finally, this article provides policy implications and recommendations based on what was learned from the comparison of the two countries.     

企业科技创新中的地方政府职能分析——以淮安市为例

科技创新是企业获取市场竞争优势、培育核心竞争力的基础,也是优化地区产业结构、提升地区竞争力的重要手段。地方政府在企业科技创新过程中起着举足轻重的作用。以淮安市为例,通过对淮安市政府在企业科技创新中的作用分析,提炼地方政府在企业科技创新中的职能。     

Black Liberation and the Foundations of Social Control

In regards to funding for the civil rights and black power movements in the United States, the major philanthropic foundations pursued their primary goals of social engineering and implementation of reforms designed to establish and maintain social control. They operated in the ultimate interests of the wealthy corporate and financial interests that dominated foundation boards and founders, promoting incremental reforms in order to secure their own long‐term systemic interests.     

雄安新区城市高质量发展的金融支持路径

“十四五”开局在即,雄安新区建设发展迈入新的征程。雄安新区致力于打造生态宜居、创新引领、协调发展、开放先行的现代化新城。树立“雄安质量”,金融必不可少。当前,雄安新区的金融支持力度仍显不足,投融资平台的融资能力与城市建设所需巨大资金不匹配,投融资体系仍在建设,仍需探索资本市场多渠道融资途径;金融机构参与城市建设与发展不够深入,仅银行开始深入布局,证券、保险业初步落户雄安,期货行业仍在规划参与阶段。应从拓宽融资渠道、鼓励市场参与、发展绿色金融以及推行科技金融创新等多角度入手,以政策引领和金融机构的市场化参与为基础,提升雄安新区城市建设与发展中的金融支持水平,建成创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的高质量发展新区。     

长三角地区智慧城市建设对城市创新能力影响

为了探究长三角地区智慧城市建设对城市创新能力发展的影响,通过构建智慧城市建设评价体系,从智慧民生、城市治理、经济发展三个方面建设创建城市创新评价指标。使用Stata计量软件,建立多元回归模型对变量卫生机构数、社会消费品零售总额、绿化覆盖面积、污水处理量、城镇人均可支配收入、第三产业增加值对城市创新能力的实证检验。结果表明,第三产业增加值和社会消费品零售总额对城市创新有正向的促进作用,城镇人均可支配收入对城市创新的系数为负,卫生机构数、绿化覆盖面积、污水处理量对城市创新表现不明显。研究表明:长三角地区智慧城市建设对城市创新能力有明显的促进作用。最后根据研究结果提出合理的建议。     

论财政政策改革与西部大开发

文章从改革现行财政体制、完善财政转移支付制度、完善我国的专项拨款制度、运用财政宏观调控功能、加速西部地区市场化进程和产业结构调整等措施下手,提出了财政政策改革的三项对策。     

科研院所科研成果应用与转化现状

科研成果的应用转化关系着国家经济发展提高。科研院所因政策缺乏、资金短缺、场地限制,使研制的项目常常胎死腹中或束之高阁,严重影响着新项目、新技术、新产品的科研成果的应用转化。改变科研成果应用转化的现状,需要政府引导,政策支持,调整资源结构、拓宽资金来源,整合创新,疏通渠道,拓展平台。     

集群式民营企业可持续发展的政府行为研究——以武汉城市圈为例

近年,武汉城市圈集群式民营企业得到了长足发展。但同发达地区相比,仍存在较大差距。通过抽样调查发现,武汉城市圈集群式民营企业需要政府提供技术创新与资金扶持,需要政府营造良好的政策环境与市场环境。研究表明,技术创新能力、政府扶持力度、市场竞争秩序等与企业可持续发展能力存在着一定的正向相关性。推进武汉城市圈体制机制创新,加大政府技术扶持,改善融资环境等是政府促进武汉城市圈集群式民营企业实现可持续发展的根本对策。     

基础设施BOT项目中的政府担保与最优特许期

为了吸引国内外财团、公司企业,以及个人等非政府投资主体投资于中国基础设施项目建设,政府必须对投资者无法通过市场行为进行控制的非市场风险因素提供担保。本文在分析基础设施项目政府担保行为的基础上,将政府担保价值引入特许期谈判博弈模型,分析政府担保对最优特许期决策的影响,并为政府特许期决策提供政策建议。     

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPMENT GRANTS IN INDONESIA'S WATER SUPPLY SECTOR

Over successive five-year development plans, Indonesia has channeled large sums of foreign loans and domestic funds into water supply projects with the aim of providing clean water for a majority of households. Most projects have been planned and financed through the central government's public works ministry, though a growing share of rural water projects are being funded through earmarked grants provided to local governments. This paper examines how these central government transfers, in the aggregate, have responded to various indicators of expenditure needs. Overall, past allocations have matched existing demand and supply levels closely–funding has generally favored provinces with large populations, large numbers of water enterprises, extensive distribution networks in place, and high production capacity. They have not, however, worked in favor of either equalization or economic productivity objectives, as reflected by per capita income or GRDP growth rates. This analysis suggests that equity would be promoted either by including income-related factors in future block grant allocation formulas or by shifting funding emphasis in the water supply sector from grants-in-kind controlled by the central government to sectoral grants controlled mainly at the local level. Such policy reforms would also further promote the nation's professed goal of decentralizing infrastructure development.     

基于财税视角浅析乡村振兴战略中创业创新力量保护

论文对如何减轻城市虹吸效应对乡村振兴战略中人力资源的影响以及如何保护乡村振兴战略中的创新创业力量进行了分析。建议将部分城市的非省会功能、非中心城市功能选择性地向县乡地区试点迁移,在不影响整体财政收入的情况下,避免人力资源流失。同时,建议通过加强就业指导中心对创新创业人才返乡发展的指导,配合财政支持,明确乡村规划部门对创新创业的人才需求,多地协同搭建各类创新平台等实物载体,充分及时地保护区域本土创新创业力量。     

Breaking With Neoliberalization by Restricting The Housing Market: Novel Urban Policies and the Case of Hamburg

Hamburg currently exemplifies the departure from a straightforward neoliberal urban track. The city's neoliberal path only moved into full swing in the first decade of the 2000s. During this period, urban development was primarily subject to property market mechanisms—with projects being granted to the highest bidder—prompting effects such as rapidly rising rents, deepened social segregation and increased property‐led displacement. Since 2009, however, the city's entrepreneurial urban policy encountered comprehensive resistance movements that eventually led to the rediscovery of a political will for a new housing policy and interventionist policy instruments. This article focuses on the turning point of neoliberal policies and examines the wider scope of the contemporary urban agenda in Hamburg. We first conceptualize potential limits of the neoliberal city in general and then discuss three momentous local policy experiments—the International Building Exhibition, promising ‘improvement without displacement'; the rediscovery of housing regulations through the ‘Social Preservation Statute'; and the ‘Alliance for Housing', aiming to tackle the housing shortage. We discuss these approaches as funding, regulation, and actor‐based approaches to limiting the neoliberal city.     

越秀地产商业模式创新驱动因素及实施路径

整合优化企业价值链与创新商业模式是房地产企业加快转型,寻找适合自身的生存和发展模式的必然选择。立足越秀地产的商业模式创新,从战略、行业、价值链和政策角度思考驱动越秀地产商业模式创新的驱动因素;探析其独特的地产开发与资本运作双剑合璧的实施路径,为我国房地产企业商业模式的创新和持续经营提供新的切入角度;然后通过财务绩效变化检验其商业模式创新的经济后果;最后,提出建设具有企业特色的价值网络、项目多元化发展及形成稳定资金链等建议。     

Voting on road congestion policy

This paper studies the political economy of urban traffic policy. A city council and a regional government (representing city and suburbs) decide respectively on parking fees and a road toll. Both charges are below the optimum when median voters in city and suburbs prefer cars to public transport sufficiently more than the average. Even if the city government would set an optimal road toll, the regional government blocks it when the median suburban voter prefers cars strongly enough. Letting the city control parking and road pricing may therefore increase chances of adoption of the latter. However, if the city controls parking and the region road pricing, the combined charges are higher than if the city controlled them both. Hence, when voters want all charges below the optimum, the involvement of two governments may be desirable. We also find that earmarking road pricing revenues for public transport is welfare-enhancing, compared to lump-sum redistribution, only if they are topped up by extra funds granted to the city by a higher level of government.     

Traffic externalities in cities: The economics of speed bumps,low emission zones and city bypasses

This paper considers various policy measures that governments can use to reduce traffic externalities in cities. Unlike much of the available literature that emphasized congestion, we focus on measures that reduce pollution, noise and some accident risks. These measures include noise barriers, speed bumps, traffic lights, tolls, emission standards, low emission zones, and bypass capacity to guide traffic around the city center. Using a simple model that distinguishes local and through traffic, we study the optimal use of these instruments by an urban government that cares for the welfare of its residents, and we compare the results with those preferred by a federal authority that also takes into account the welfare of road users from outside the city. Our results include the following. First, compared to the federal social optimum, we show that the city government will over-invest in externality-reducing infrastructure whenever this infrastructure increases the generalized cost of through traffic. We can therefore expect an excessive number of speed bumps and traffic lights, but the right investment in noise barriers. Second, when implementing low emission zones, the urban government will set both the fee for non-compliance and the emission standard at a more stringent level than the federal government. Moreover, at sufficiently high levels of through traffic the urban government will prefer imposing a toll instead of implementing a low emission zone. Third, whatever the tolling instruments in place, the city will always underinvest in bypass capacity. Finally, if it can toll all roads but is forced to invest all bypass toll revenue in the bypass, it will never invest in bypass capacity. Although the paper focuses on non-congestion externalities, most insights also hold in the presence of congestion.     

基于互动发展视角的科技投入与金融创新研究

为了提高科技创新水平,解决科技投入与金融创新之间存在的问题,本文在分析科技投入与科技创新关系的基础上,研究了科技投入与金融创新的互利相辅关系,提出了通过互利相辅推动科技投入与金融创新共同发展的对策。分析结果表明科技创新离不开科技投入,科技投入通过科技创新促进了金融创新。科技投入作为基础性和资本性投入,离不开多种资源尤其是金融创新带来的充裕资金资源的支持。     

柳州市产业创造力问题与对策分析

从柳州市科技投入财政支出,基础科技的发展,科技创新体制和体系建设三方面展分析了柳州市的创造力现状,分析了柳州创造中存在的问题,从政策环境、资金支持、发展规划、结构布局等方面有针对性地提出相应的解决措施和发展途径,为柳州市的发展提出参考意见。     

Financing high-tech SMEs in China: A three-stage model of business development

This article examines the financing of high-tech Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in China at different stages of business development, based on a survey of 74 face-to-face interviews with high-tech SMEs and additional nine informal face-to-face interviews with bank and government officials in the two Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. Attention is focused on distinguishing different financing methods according to particular stages of an SME's business life cycle. The findings show the importance of informal financial sources from individuals and firms’ employees for high-tech SMEs at all three development stages. Such sources have become a central aspect of the financial infrastructure for the private sector in China. The article distinguishes between the alternative methods or practices used by firms at all three stages, seeking to either overcome particular financial constraints or to avoid the commitment of large capital investments in relatively long-term projects. It identifies the absence of demands and a gap for medium- and long-term funding for high-tech SMEs, placing a serious barrier on the ability of high-tech SMEs to engage in R&D for making more fundamental innovation and developing new/distinctive products. It concludes by making the implications of these findings for China, and internationally.