演化理论视角下现代经济增长理论的批判与重建

本文在演化经济学的视角下,建设性地批判现代经济增长理论,试图建立一个新现代经济增长理论的初步基准分析框架,在此基础上比较了新现代增长理论与现代经济增长理论,并提出进一步研究的方向.     

Rousseau's notion of envy: A comparison with modern economic theory

Abstract

The concept of envy is present both in Rousseau's economic philosophy and in modern economic theory. This paper compares these different uses of the concept and studies the relevance of the definition of envy adopted on each side, taking into account what is at stake when a notion of envy is introduced. It will be shown that Rousseau's envy cannot be expressed by modern conceptions of envy. Nevertheless, it enlightens the debate between the two competing notions of envy present in modern economic theory, revealing that the existence of envy questions the notion of self-interest.     

Recent developments in EC USSR commercial and economic relations

Conclusion Trade with the Soviet Union represents only a small part of total Community trade (3.5 % of EC imports and 2.7 % of EC exports in 1990). EC imports from the Soviet Union increased moderately between 1989 and 1990 as well as between the first six months of 1990 and the corresponding period of 1991, whilst EC exports decreased sharply as a result of hard currency shortage in the Soviet Union.The CMEA and Soviet disintegration processes will lead to a substantial reorientation of trade flows. This development has already begun with large increases of trade between the EC and the Central and Eastern European countries.International assistance to the USSR mainly consists of export credits. Community assistance involves a large proportion of grants and technical assistance. The cost of assistance measures envisaged so far remains limited for Western countries.The economic effects of assistance would be enhanced if effective coordination was implemented among the providers. Adequate mechanisms such as triangular operations or the untying of assistance would be required in order to avoid crowding out traditional suppliers from Soviet markets.     

DUP activities and economic theory

This paper considers the theory of Directly Unproductive Profit Seeking (DUP) activities, examining its implications for economic theory. Two classes of DUP activities are distinguished: one where the DUP activity is triggered by policy which is itself exogenously specified (e.g., tariff-revenue seeking resulting from pre-specified tariff); the other where DUP activity endogenises policy fully (e.g., tariff seeking). Implications for both positive and normative argumentation in economic theory are considered in depth for both these classes of DUP activity.     

Pareto and contemporary economic theory

This paper provides explanations for Pareto’s apparently contradictory approach to demand theory in simultaneously insisting that measurability of utility is not needed to explain the equilibrium of consumers in competitive markets, and embracing concavifiability and thus measurability of utility when this implies restrictions on consumers’ behavior such as the law of demand. It also treats his method of calibrating an aggregate demand function by employing his law of income distribution, so as to reproduce “Gregory King’s law”. Finally, some disputed issues are dealt with concerning the nature of Pareto’s contributions to welfare economics. (JEL: B13, D11, D60).     

Population and economic growth: Ancient and modern

This paper focuses on the evolution of the relationship between population and economic growth from Hume to New Growth Theory. In this paper, we show that there were two main views on the subject. There were those who assumed that the relationship between fertility rate and income was positive. On the other hand, there were those who raised the possibility that this linkage did not occur, and they emphasised that an increase in income did not necessarily lead to having more children. Following from Hicks’ methodological precept, the paper will show that their position on the issue was related to a socio-economic fact: the sibship size effect. We show that those who took the view that an increase in income leads to the desire to have more children did not take into consideration the sibship size effect, while those maintaining that there existed a negative relationship introduced into their utility function a sibship size effect.     

Adam Smith's theory of economic history and economic development

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to show that Smith has a theory of economic history grounded in a politico-economic modeling (as well as a sort of economic theoretical modeling). In terms of the politico-economic approach, in the Wealth of Nations (Book III.ii–iv) Smith tried to offer a systematic account of economic development from feudalism to capitalism in Europe. These lead to suggest that the seeming internal inconsistency between the natural and the actual courses of progress in Book III may be resolved, and that Smith may be treated as a precursor of Douglass North, who stressed an inextricable link between the polity and the economy in economic history.     

现代企业经济管理存在的问题与对策

随着我国科技实力及经济实力的同步增长,新兴行业的诞生与发展对传统行业带来了较大冲击,市场竞争力度不断增长,为现代企业的生存及发展带来了较大挑战。经济管理是现代企业在生产运营中不可或缺的一环,然而受企业管理意识、管理方法适应性等多方面因素影响,现代企业的经济管理在一定程度上存在着管理问题,制约着现代企业的经济效益增长。笔者作为青岛西海岸公用事业集团有限公司的一员,现结合实际工作经验分析现代企业经济管理中的现存问题,对解决现代企业经济管理问题的对应策略进行探究,以期为企业工作者提供理论参考。     

现代西方经济思想史著作中的恩格斯及其经济思想

了解西方经济思想史著作对于恩格斯及其经济思想的评价,有利于我们完整地把握恩格斯经济思想及其在马克思经济学中的地位和作用,进而认识到恩格斯在经济思想发展史中的地位。本文依次从现代西方经济思想史著作中的恩格斯其人、恩格斯的思想来源、恩格斯在经济学领域对于马克思及其思想的影响和恩格斯在马克思经济学中的地位和贡献等几个方面介绍西方经济学者对于恩格斯及其经济思想在马克思经济学中的地位和作用的看法,进而窥视恩格斯在整个经济思想史中的地位和作用,促进我们对于恩格斯及其经济思想在马克思经济学乃至整个经济思想史中的地位和作用的研究。     

产业融合理论及其经济效果

产业融合是信息化进程中呈现的一种产业新范式,是21世纪产业发展的新趋势.国内外许多学者从各个角度对这一经济现象进行了论述.本文主要阐述了产业融合内涵,介绍了产业融合过程中出现的主要产业融合类型,并分析了产业融合对社会经济发展的影响.     

Rights and wrongs of economic modelling: refining Rodrik

ABSTRACT

This is a critical discussion and proposed refinement of the inspiring account of the successes and failures of economic modelling sketched in Dani Rodrik’s Economics Rules. The refinements make use of a systematic framework of the structure of scientific modelling. The issues include distinguishing the discipline of economics from the behaviour and attitudes of economists as targets of normative assessment; nature and sources of success and failure in modelling; the key role of model commentary; model transparency; purposes and audiences of modelling; the nature of critical assumptions; negligibility, applicability, and tractability in modelling; the possibility of generally applicable models; and economics fundamentalism. The proposed refinements submit sharper formulations for some of Rodrik’s ideas and supplement others, but they also reveal tensions and relieve some – not yet all – of these.     

Book production and the onset of modern economic growth

We provide a new data set on per capita book production as a proxy for advanced literacy skills, and assess this relative to other measures. While literacy proxies very basic skills, book production per capita is an indicator for more advanced capabilities. Growth theory suggests that human capital formation plays a significant role in creating the ‘wealth of nations.’ This study tests whether human capital formation has an impact on early-modern growth disparities. In contrast to some previous studies which denied the role of human capital as a crucial determinant of long-term growth, we confirm its importance.      

产业融合理论及其经济效果

产业融合是信息化进程中呈现的一种产业新范式，是21世纪产业发展的新趋势。国内外许多学者从各个角度对这一经济现象进行了论述。本文主要阐述了产业融合内涵，介绍了产业融合过程中出现的主要产业融合类型，并分析了产业融合对社会经济发展的影响。