社区自组织能力建设的体制、政策法律路径

社区建设启动以来,社区的自组织机制得以恢复并逐步发育,但政府与社区的关系尚未有根本性的改变,居民及其自治组织更多地是在扮演"被组织"者的角色.这已成为制约社区建设和社区自组织能力进一步发展的瓶颈.因此,提升社区自组织能力不能局限于社区共同体本身,还需着眼于体制、政策、法律这些外部社会环境.文章就此作了两个方面的重点对策分析:(1)以理顺政府与社区的关系为关键,拓展社区自组织能力的体制空间;(2)以居民自治为着力点,拓展社区自组织能力的政策法律空间.     

构筑民营企业发展的新模式

当前,民营经济还存在着区域发展不平衡、产业协作和自组织能力弱、人力资本和社会资本匮乏、技术创新动力不足等问题,这些问题的存在已严重制约了它自身的发展。本文通过采用行业社区组织培育民营企业社会资本、扩大民企信任圈以及政府与社区组织共建市场环境等手段,构建了民企发展的新模式,以便促使民营企业成为我国市场经济的中坚力量。     

疫情时刻社区自组织形成的逻辑、条件及其反思

2022年3月底,由于新冠疫情的快速传播,上海实施了全域的静态管理。正当市场力量停滞而失灵,政府面临巨大职能挑战,也出现了部分失灵的时候,以社区为单位的群众自组织迅速成长起来,弥补了政府、市场的短期失灵,帮助解决了社区居民基本生活需求。在上海疫情全域静态管理过程中,从社区精英的带领、社区共同体的形成和自下而上的发生路径三个方面,分析了社区自组织快速形成的内生逻辑。然而自组织的形成具有一定外部条件,从公共突发性事件、自治平台的完善和市民意识的积淀三个方面阐释了社区自组织形成条件的偶然性和必然性。结合网络案例,分析了社区自组织存在的内部纷争问题,传统社区组织的能力不足以及各方利益的协调不畅等问题。最后,从政府行政与自治的关系,公民意识的发展和保护,基层组织的能力提升等角度提出了对社区基层治理一些思考与反思。     

农村社区管理中非政府组织的作用分析

非政府组织(NGO)参与农村社区管理是在和谐社会建设的大背景下,我国社会主义新农村建设的一个关键环节.它可以有效的发挥其自组织的功能,促进农村社区的多元化发展,从而在更高的层面上和更长远的意义上维护农民的利益,不失为解决“三农“问题的一个新的切入点.但非政府组织的“自组织性“与现实中的“准政府组织性“的矛盾,却为其参与农村社区建设最大作用的发挥设置了难以预测的羁绊,本文旨在分析自组织参与农村社区建设的几方面的作用.     

企业社会责任与城市社区建设

通过对企业的社区责任水平与企业特征之间的关系进行统计分析表明,经济效益与企业的社区责任水平呈正相关关系。在社区责任水平上,小型企业与大型企业不存在差异;服务型企业与生产型企业、外资企业与民营企业和国有控股企业存在显著差异。我国企业参与社区建设的行为具有明显的经济取向,受制度环境的影响,整体参与水平较低。转变政府职能,培养社会自组织能力,加强制度建设,提高企业的社区意识将是社区建设政策目标实现的重要路径。     

英国城市复兴中的合作伙伴组织

合作伙伴组织作为英国城市复兴的主要组织形式,为城市复兴做出了积极贡献。组织的包容性、人力资源、工作文化等是影响其成效的具体因素。我国的城市建设和治理可以从中得到启示,在政府现代化、政府与市民社会的合作以及将社区等机构纳入合作伙伴组织方面有所作为。     

雄安新区韧性社区建设策略——基于复杂适应系统理论的研究

雄安新区规划、建设、运营过程中,可能面临复杂的多灾种、交叉性公共安全风险。作为城市社会的基本单元,社区安则新区安。建设韧性社区是贯彻"总体国家安全观"、打造韧性城市的"最后一公里",是创新和发展基层社会治理的必由之路。从复杂适应系统理论(CAS)视角,剖析韧性社区自适应、网络性和多样性三大基本特征,进而提出由"设施环境"、"成员自有资源"、"制度及组织环境"、"经济及公共服务"和"社会资本"组成的社区韧性资源系统。预测雄安新区未来"新建社区"、"搬迁社区"和"既有社区"的韧性资源特征,并从五类韧性资源的建构与整合入手,提出"基于城市微循环营造设施环境韧性"、"合理布局与统筹社区成员资源"、"智慧化监测预警机制和常态化韧性评估机制"、"加强经济韧性建设与公共服务的差异化供给"、"打造社区自适应能力提升内核"等雄安新区城市社区韧性提升策略。     

面向风险应对的“后单位制”社区韧性评估及提升策略研究

“单位制”社区作为我国特定时期的组织模式，在城市发展前期发挥了巨大作用。但随着制度的转变，社区空间逐渐从单位组织中脱嵌，在现代化城市建设影响下形成了大量“后单位制”社区。此类社区难以适应日益增长的城市发展需求，产生了一系列社会矛盾和城市问题，存在较大风险。社区韧性是能够帮助社区自身对风险进行预警、响应和恢复的多种能力合集。首先，基于“后单位制”社区特征，从客观建成环境和主观能动性两个层面梳理现状问题及风险因素。其次，基于社区韧性理论和既有韧性评估研究，从社区资本和居民能力两个维度构建“后单位制”社区韧性评估体系，并运用组合赋权方法确定指标权重。再次，以哈尔滨市的3个“后单位制”社区为典型案例进行实证研究，结果表明，3个社区的韧性平均水平一般，居民能力得分略高于社区资本得分，存在物质资本冗余性不足，社区风险应对设施不完善及居民抗扰性弱的问题，但社区居民拥有较为良好的社会关系和居民自治，具有一定的自组织能力。最后，从明确权属问题、社区空间微更新和社区居民公共性重建3个方面提出相应的社区韧性提升策略。以期推动社区韧性理论在“后单位制”社区中的实践，并为同类社区的相关研究提供参考。     

农村社区发展基金的运作机制及其绩效诠释

农村社区发展基金,从解决农村生计问题出发,以赋权和培育自组织能力为根本,以社区组织(CO)为载体,通过小额贷款活动及其产生的积累,将社区合作医疗保障、助贫扶弱、科技推广和社区公共产品供给等有机结合起来,推动社区可持续综合发展.在促进社区综合发展、扶贫助弱、农民增收等方面有突出的绩效.     

行政要素保障视域下的城市社区治理——基于福建省福州市鼓楼区的基层一线调查分析

<正>社区作为城市社会的基本单元,是城市社会治理体系的根基和“神经末梢”,社区治理的好坏将影响国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化建设。近年来,国内已有众多的专家学者对社区治理开展研究,在已有的文献成果中,更多是在智慧社区建设、大数据助力社区治理、社区韧性治理、社区精准治理等方面开展探索。然而,从社区队伍建设、行政要素保障、     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.