企业捐赠作用的综合解析

本文提出一个综合的理论解释框架,将捐赠作用划分为四类:合法保护——企业通过捐赠购买利益相关者的“伤害权,”提高组织的合法性,减少企业经营中的不确定性,维持企业正常运行;伤害保险——慈善捐赠将形成积极的道德资本,当企业经营活动伤害到利益相关者时,道德资本能降低受害者制裁/报复企业的强度,并减少企业关系资产的损失;间接增值——慈善捐赠可以通过改善企业与利益相关者的关系来间接提升企业绩效;直接增值——精心设计的战略性慈善捐赠可以改善企业经营环境,直接提升企业绩效。     

业绩期望落差、股权集中度和企业环保投入

基于企业行为理论,以 2011~2015 年重污染上市公司为研究样本,本文理论分析并实证检验了业绩期望落差与企业环保投入的关系,并进一步考察了股权集中度的调节作用。研究结果表明：（1）当企业实际绩效低于渴望水平时,业绩期望落差与环保投入呈 U 型关系,即业绩期望落差存在一个阈值,低于该阈值时,业绩期望落差与环保投入负相关,高于该阈值时,业绩期望落差与环保投入正相关;（2）与股权集中度低的企业相比,股权集中度高的业绩期望落差与环保投入之间的 U 型关系将减弱。     

企业风险管理的种类及其防范

<正>一、战略风险战略风险与企业长期战略目标的实现有关,很大程度上由外部环境的不确定性以及市场、竞争、科技和法规这四个重要动因所致。包括市场需求锐减,针对对手采取的竞争手段没有做出有效的反映,执行并购时发生问题等。当竞争环境发生变化,损害了企业创造价值和建立产品或服务差异化经营的能力,便会形成战略风险。例如,竞争对手开发更优秀     

利用会计信息预警施工企业风险

在市场经济条件下,由于环境的不断变化和竞争的激烈,施工企业的风险日益增大,特别是我国加入WTO以后,国外承包商参与国内建筑市场的竞争,将给国内施工企业带来更大的压力。因此,施工企业建立风险预警制度,积极防范风险显得更加必要。 所谓风险是指人们对未来行为预期的不确定性而可能导致的结果与预期目标发生的偏离程度。结果     

政治关联能改善民营企业的经营绩效吗

本文以我国2002—2006年上市民营企业的数据为样本,实证分析了政治关联与企业经营绩效的关系。在控制了政治关联与企业经营绩效存在的内生性关系后,研究发现民营企业的政治关联程度越高,企业的经营效率越差;实际控制者的政治关联程度越高,企业的经营效率也越差。进一步的研究发现,制度环境的不同对政治关联与企业经营绩效之间的关系产生不同影响,随着政府干预程度的减弱和法律保护程度的提高,企业的政治关联程度对于经营绩效的负面影响也在减轻。     

企业创新与环境绩效 ——基于外部治理环境的视角

本文选取 2012～2017 年我国沪深两市上市公司为研究样本, 通过构建企业创新、 环境绩效与外部治理环境因素三者关系的固定效应模型, 提出相应研究假设并实证检验了企业创新与环境绩效之间的关系。 结果表明企业创新投入和环境绩效之间呈显著的U 型关系; 政府干预程度低以及法治水平高的地区, 企业创新投入和环境绩效之间的 U 型关系更加明显; 国有企业中企业创新投入和环境绩效之间 的U 型关系更加明显。 此外, 第一大股东持股比例、 公司规模、 盈利能力对环境绩效亦产生显著正向影 响。 以上的研究结论对我国企业和政府的环境保护实践方面具有一定的指导意义。     

大股东控制、多元化经营与现金持有价值

已有多元化经营经济后果研究结论并不一致,本文认为其主要原因在于多元化经营的经济后果也是多元的,不同公司特征和不同影响链条下多元化经营对公司价值的影响也不同。本文以多元化经营对现金持有价值的影响为切入点,分别从市场价值和公司绩效视角分析多元化经营的经济后果。实证结果发现从整体上看,多元化经营对现金持有价值影响并不显著,但按大股东持股比例高低分组回归发现,当大股东持股比例高时,能够有效约束管理者的机会主义行为,提高内部资本市场效率,从而使得多元化经营能够显著提高现金持有价值;而当大股东持股比例低时,严重的代理冲突会导致多元化经营公司内部资本市场损失效率,从而导致现金持有价值的降低。     

电网企业预算绩效评价研究

<正>输输配电价改革实施后,对电网企业生产经营投入的监管日趋严格,预算资源精准性要求越来越高。然而,当前电网企业预算使用效果不明,较难根据投入的预期效果进行提前精准配置,使得电网的预算投入存在一定盲目性,既产生资源浪费、又未能最大化提升经营绩效。因此,建立电网企业预算投入绩效评估模型与方法,挖掘投入的效益点和无效点,精准指导预算配置,从源头保证资源投入效果,     

资本成本约束下企业碳排放绩效研究

资本成本会影响企业碳排放积极性,是推进碳达峰碳中和过程中需要重点关注的因素。本文以2018-2021年中国A股制造业上市公司为样本,研究了资本成本对企业碳排放绩效的影响。结果显示：资本成本对企业碳排放绩效产生负面影响;良好的公司治理机制能够促进资本成本作用的发挥;强化环境监管提升了资本成本对企业碳排放绩效的负面影响,环保补助的作用正好相反;资本成本对企业碳排放绩效的负面影响在国有和非国有企业中不存在差异。在环境规制政策设计中应充分考虑规制政策对企业资本成本的影响,以增强规制政策的科学性。     

高管薪酬“实证真相”

在不同资本市场上市的中国企业,在同一高管人才库的供给需求关系影响下,高管薪酬水平将逐渐趋同,高管薪酬与公司绩效的相关性将进一步增强,企业间的高管薪酬差距会进一步增大。会有更多的公司迫于人才竞争压力推出长期激励计划     

Staff localization and environmental uncertainty on firm performance in China

This paper examined the form of the localization–performance relationship as moderated by environmental uncertainty. We postulated that the positive impact of staff localization on firm performance only continues to a certain point. Beyond this point, the costs of a high degree of staff localization outweigh the benefits. The negative effect of an increase in localization beyond an optimal point is expected to be stronger under the condition of high environmental uncertainty. Both the curvilinear relationship and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty are confirmed through the survey results of 111 MNC subsidiaries operating in China. The result suggests that MNCs should pay particular attention to balance their deployment of local staff and expatriates in their international expansion.     

Once an outsider,always an outsider? CEO origin,strategic change,and firm performance

In this study, we examine how the relationship between the level of strategic change in the pattern of resource allocation and firm performance differs between firms led by outside CEOs and those led by inside CEOs. Based on longitudinal data on the tenure histories of 193 CEOs who left office between 1993 and 1998, we find that the level of strategic change has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with firm performance. As the level of change increases from slight to moderate, performance increases; as the level of change increases from moderate to great, performance declines. Further, we find that this inverted U‐shaped relationship differs between firms led by outside CEOs and those led by inside CEOs. That is, both the positive effect of strategic change on firm performance when the level of change is relatively low and the negative effect of strategic change on firm performance when the level of change is relatively high are more pronounced for outside CEOs than for inside CEOs. Supplementary analyses also suggest that this difference between outside and inside CEOs exists in later years but not in the early years of CEO tenure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

期望落差下的组织搜索:长期债务融资及其价值再造

企业在何种状态下采取长期负债经营策略以及这种策略将对企业未来的发展产生何种影响,是一个重要的理论问题。本文将企业的长期债务融资视为组织搜索行为,构建了一个绩效反馈的权变模型,探讨期望落差与长期债务融资之间的理论关系及制约因素。本文基于2007—2018年中国上市企业数据的检验结果表明:期望落差将对企业长期债务融资产生直接影响。在企业管理者搜索动机与搜索成本的共同作用下,企业的长期债务融资与期望落差程度呈非线性关系,即在临近期望值的状态下企业管理者表现出局部搜索动机,倾向于通过增加债务来解决企业的期望落差问题;而在远离期望值的状态下表现出非局部搜索动机,倾向于减少长期债务融资。环境不确定性是制约期望落差下企业长期债务融资策略的重要因素,市场与政策环境的不确定性越高,则越有可能导致处于落差状态下的企业减少长期债务融资。期望落差状态下的长期债务融资与企业价值再造能力之间存在着先升后降的“倒U型”关系,即落差状态下适度的长期债务融资提高了企业的价值能力,但超过临界点后将对价值再造起到遏制作用。本文在一定程度上丰富了期望落差下组织搜索的过程机制,为深入理解企业长期负债经营的前因提供了新的视角。     

Entering new markets: The effect of performance feedback near aspiration and well below and above it

Research summary : This study draws on the resource‐based view and the behavioral theory of the firm to gain new insights about the effect of performance relative to aspiration level (i.e., performance feedback) on the decision to enter new markets. Results show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between performance both below and above aspiration level, and the probability of firms to enter new markets. That is, when firms are well below or well above their aspiration level, they significantly change their behavior. This article develops a theoretical framework to clarify and organize these findings. Managerial summary : This study examines the effect of performance feedback, and particularly, large discrepancies between firm performance and aspiration level on the decision to enter new markets. It provides support to the role of performance feedback in affecting the decision to enter new markets, a factor that has received relatively little attention in the extensive literature that has examined the inducements of such moves. Results show that, as performance falls below or rises above aspiration, a firm's probability of entering new markets increases up to a certain point after which this relationship decreases. This shows that the tendency to enter new markets is different for firms that are in the neighborhood of aspiration level compared to those that are well below or above it. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Money secrets: How does trade secret legal protection affect firm market value? Evidence from the uniform trade secret act

Research summary : We investigate the impact of trade secret legal protection on firm market value in the context of acquisitions. On one hand, market value may increase because trade secret assets become better protected from rivals. On the other hand, market value may decrease because trade secret protection reduces information about the target and its competitors available to potential buyers, increasing uncertainty about its value. Buyers will discount their offers in expectation of being compensated for riskier deals. Using a sample of private equity investments in the United States, we find that trade secret protection has a positive effect in industries with high mobility of knowledge workers, but a negative effect in industries with (1) high resource–value uncertainty and (2) high poor‐investment risk. Managerial summary : We argue that an increase in trade secret legal protection might not unequivocally benefit firm owners when selling their business. A stronger trade secret protection increases the market value of firms in industries with high workers' mobility, but it decreases the market value of firms in industries with uncertain resource value and/or high risk of poor‐acquisition investments. Based on the contingent effect of trade secret protection, companies may want to adjust their strategic decisions, including where to locate or relocate, based in part on whether they will derive benefits or suffer losses when trade secrets are better protected. Finally, our study should help policymakers understand more fully the economic impact of government policies associated with trade secrets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

From crisis to opportunity: environmental jolt,corporate acquisitions,and firm performance

This study incorporates the external environmental context into the study of corporate acquisitions by examining the performance implications of corporate acquisitions during an environmental jolt that alters the levels of environmental munificence. We posit that compared to the periods before and after an environmental jolt, corporate acquisitions during a jolt would be positively related to firm performance. Furthermore, we suggest that organizational slack would improve firm performance and accentuate the positive relationship between corporate acquisitions and firm performance during an environmental jolt; however, it would have negative impact on firm performance and make the acquisition‐performance relationship more negative before and after a jolt. Using the Asian Economic Crisis as a natural experiment, we found general support for our core arguments based on a sample of firms from Hong Kong and Singapore. Our work demonstrates that firms can capitalize on the opportunities created by the changes in an environmental jolt. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业技术创新与企业经济绩效关系的探析

本文以总资产收益率和净资产收益率作为反映企业经济绩效的因变量,以研发密度、技术人员比率、资本支出率和专利作为反映企业技术创新的自变量,同时选用控制变量资产负债率（Debt）和企业规模（Size）进行回归估计,得出如下结论：企业研发密度、企业技术人员比率、专利授权数均与企业经济绩效之间存在正相关关系,资本支出率与企业经济绩效之间存在负相关关系。     

The Vital Role of Problem‐Solving Competence in New Product Success*

Problem solving, a process of seeking, defining, evaluating, and implementing the solutions, is considered a converter that can translate organizational inputs into valuable product and service outputs. A key challenge for the product innovation community is to answer questions about how knowledge competence and problem‐solving competence develop and sustain competitive advantage. The objective of this study is to theoretically examine and empirically test an existing assumption that problem‐solving competence is an important variable connecting market knowledge competence with new product performance. New product projects from 396 firms in the high‐technology zones in China were used to test the study's theoretical model. The results first indicate that problem‐solving speed and creativity matter in new product innovation performance by playing mediator roles between market knowledge competence and positional advantage, which in turn sustains superior performance. This new insight suggest that mere generation of market knowledge and having a marketing–research and development (R&D) interface will not affect new product performance unless project members have the ability to use the information and to interact to identify and solve complex problems speedily and creatively. Second, these results suggest that different market knowledge competences (customers, competitors, and interactions between marketing and R&D) have distinct impacts on problem‐solving speed and creativity (positive, negative, or none), which underscore the need to embrace a more fine‐grained notion of market knowledge competence. The results also reveal that the relative importance of some of these relationships depends on the perceived level of turbulence in the environment. First, competitor knowledge competence decreases problem‐solving speed when perceived environmental turbulence is low but enhances problem‐solving speed when perceived turbulence is high. Second, competitor knowledge competence has a positive relationship with new product performance when the environmental turbulence is high but no relationship when the environmental turbulence is low. Third, the positive relationship between problem‐solving speed and product advantage is stronger when the perceived environmental turbulence is high than when it is low, which implies that problem solving is more important for creating product advantage when environmental turbulence is high and change is fast and unpredictable. Fourth, the negative relationship between problem‐solving speed and new product performance is stronger when the perceived environmental turbulence is high than when it is low, which means that problem‐solving speed is more harmful for new product performance when change is fast and unpredictable. And fifth, the positive relationship between product quality and new product performance is stronger when perceived environmental turbulence is low than when it is high, which implies that product quality may more likely lead to new product performance when the environment is stable and changes are easy to predict, analyze, and comprehend.     

The environment and its impact on satisfaction with supplier performance: An investigation of the mediating effects of control mechanisms from the perspective of the manufacturer in the U.S.A.

An important question for manufacturers relates to how to conduct exchanges with suppliers when the interaction is done in an uncertain environment. Existing literature suggests the use of unilateral control (i.e., vertical control over the supplier) to reduce the negative effects of environmental uncertainty, whereas recent research on relational norms suggests bilateral control mechanisms (i.e., the norm of information sharing) as an alternative. We propose that in order to secure satisfactory performance from suppliers, manufacturers rely on different control mechanisms depending upon the level of environmental uncertainty on one hand, and the nature of interdependence in the manufacturer-supplier relationship on the other. Our empirical results based on 162 manufacturers indicate the following: 1) manufacturers' reliance on vertical control increases as environmental uncertainty and power asymmetry increase; 2) by contrast, reliance on the bilateral information sharing increases as interdependence magnitude increases and as environmental uncertainty decreases; 3) suppliers' performance, as perceived by manufacturers, increases with the use of bilateral information sharing.