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1.
《Food Policy》2014
This article reviews the past and potential future roles of land tenure reforms and land markets in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as responses to population growth in the process of land use intensification and livelihood transformation. The farm size distribution and the existence of an inverse relationship (IR) between farm size and land productivity in SSA and the implications of this relationship for efficiency and equity are investigated. More secure property rights and removal of restrictions on land markets have the potential to create both efficiency and equity benefits, but there are high risks of elite capture of large land areas with inefficient and inequitable outcomes. This situation is the case not only in land-abundant areas but also in urban and peri-urban areas where increasingly larger proportions of people will make their living. Increasing population pressure in densely populated rural areas contributes to more rapid rural–urban migration, and creating alternative livelihood opportunities for the migrating youth population is essential to achieving economic development with social stability. 相似文献
2.
《Food Policy》2014
Evidence assembled in this special issue of Food Policy shows that rising rural population densities in parts of Africa are profoundly affecting farming systems and the region’s economies in ways that are underappreciated in current discourse on African development issues. This study synthesizes how people, markets and governments are responding to rising land pressures in Africa, drawing on key findings from the various contributions in this special issue. The papers herein revisit the issue of Boserupian agricultural intensification as an important response to land constraints, but they also go further than Boserup and her followers to explore broader responses to land constraints, including non-farm diversification, migration, and reduced fertility rates. Agricultural and rural development strategies in the region will need to more fully anticipate the implications of Africa’s rapidly changing land and demographic situation, and the immense challenges that mounting land pressures pose in the context of current evidence of unsustainable agricultural intensification, a rapidly rising labor force associated with the region’s current demographic conditions, and limited nonfarm job creation. These challenges are manageable but will require explicit policy actions to address the unique development challenges in densely populated rural areas. 相似文献
3.
It has long been recognized that there is a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. How organizations utilize resources
across time and space will affect firm survival and growth. In this paper, we examine resource utilization and performance
implications over time in an environment undergoing fundamental institutional transformation. Based on a large archive of
Chinese government data from 1988, 1992, and 1996, the study finds that (1) the impact of resource utilization is contingent
on the degree to which different resources are committed to factors of production, (2) the impact is curvilinear and only
valid within an “optimal” range, and (3) the performance implications change over time. As firms enter later stages of the
transitional process, efficiency becomes less important as they shift their strategic focus from exploitation to exploration,
which requires more flexibility. These findings have significant bearing on the issue of upgrading technological competitiveness
in China as the country becomes increasingly integrated in the global economy. Such insights may also have implications for
other emerging economies in Asia.
Justin Tan (PhD, Virginia Tech) is professor of management and the Newmont Endowed Chair in Business Strategy in the Schulich School of Business at York University in Canada. He is also a Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Guanghua School of Management at Peking University in China. He received the US Fulbright Distinguished Professorship and served in China from 2005 to 2006. Yong Zeng (PhD, Tsinghua University) is professor of finance in the College of Economics and Management at the University of Electronic Science and Technology in China. His research interests include financial engineering, corporate finance and capital market, economic forecasting and strategic decisions. His works have been published in major academic journals. 相似文献
Justin TanEmail: |
Justin Tan (PhD, Virginia Tech) is professor of management and the Newmont Endowed Chair in Business Strategy in the Schulich School of Business at York University in Canada. He is also a Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Guanghua School of Management at Peking University in China. He received the US Fulbright Distinguished Professorship and served in China from 2005 to 2006. Yong Zeng (PhD, Tsinghua University) is professor of finance in the College of Economics and Management at the University of Electronic Science and Technology in China. His research interests include financial engineering, corporate finance and capital market, economic forecasting and strategic decisions. His works have been published in major academic journals. 相似文献