导控型溢流阀调压弹簧的单调分析优化设计法

本文提出采用单调分析法作为导控型溢流阀调压弹簧优化设计的一种新方法,根据液压振动控制原理,建立了调压弹簧自振频率最大为目标函数的优化设计数学模型,并介绍其求解步骤,给出设计计算实例。     

凸轮机构按平均效率和接触强度的优化设计

本文提出了以平均效率与接触强度为主要约束条件,以机构紧凑为优化目标的优化设计方法。并且以移动从动件盘形凸轮机构为例建立了优化设计的数学模型,用这种方法可以在保证平均效率不低于规定数值的条件下,最大限度地缩小机构尺寸,可以可靠地设计出结构     

居住小区中海绵城市设计问题分析

本文通过对源头减排类型中居住小区海绵城市建设体系进行分析,从政策规范、设计过程、发展方向等方面讨论了精细化海绵城市建设的设计目标及实现方法,对于海绵城市优化设计有着借鉴作用。     

锻压机床系统设计优化路径

利用遗传算法对锻压机床系统进行优化设计,在该方法基础上开发一种多目标优化的设计平台,运用Pro/E的建模和分析能力,既能够保障模型的精确性,又能够保障分析结果的准确性,实现多参数和目标的优化,进而提高锻压机床系统的设计效率。     

自适应响应面法在电池包尺寸优化研究中的应用

尺寸优化设计是汽车零部件在结构优化设计后期阶段的重要研究方法之一,也是汽车轻量化设计中的常用手段之一。以某新能源车企的电池包为例,通过Ls-Dyna完成机械冲击工况的CAE仿真计算,采用电池包壳体的关键受力部件厚度为设计变量,以电池包质量最小化作为目标,通过自适应响应面法的代理模型,对该电池包进行全局优化,最终完成在满足性能要求前提下,实现零部件厚度的合理分配,进而达到电池包轻量化的目标。     

瓦楞纸箱运输包装系统设计

瓦楞纸箱是一种薄壁结构的绿色包装容器，广泛应用于商品包装。瓦楞纸箱运输包装系统的优化设计是一个多目标函数，多变量的优化问题，以仓储空间利用率最大为优化目标函数，瓦楞纸箱强度为约束条件，优化瓦楞纸箱结构，配料方案及装载模式，能够较全面进行纸箱优化设计，较好实现瓦楞纸箱对产品的安全保护，方便储运功能。     

液压缸缸筒的模糊优化设计

本文提出液压缸缸筒的模糊优化设计方法。建立了以缸筒体积最小为目标函数的非对称模糊优化模型,并采用基于模糊综合评判的最优水平截集法求解;编制了相应的通用微机程序,给出了设计实例。     

Taguchi方法在供应商选择中的应用

常规的产品改善周期长见效慢,选择领先指标并在设计阶段优化产品性能是必要的.本文把田口方法应用于供应商选择的实践,用信噪比这一领先指标评价设计优劣且籍此选择出稳健的设计组合,丰富了供应商评价方法并对产品整体优化设计有着一定意义的参考价值.     

摆杆平面凸轮机构的优化设计

设计摆杆平面凸轮机构时,常常需要根据许用压力角确定最小尺寸,关于该问题的解析法至今未得到园满解决。所见文献介绍的方法不可靠。利用优化设计能够避开复杂的理论研究和公式推导,比较容易地得到可靠的设计结果。在有优化软件可利用的情况下,简便易和,编程容易.另外,本文通过对优化设计所得结果与用其他方法所得结果对比分析,说明了摆杆平面凸轮的基园半径增大,压力角不一定减小。     

线性控制系统按广义时间加权二次佳能指标进行参教优化设计

本文从经典与现代控制理论相结合的角度探讨了单变量线性控制系统按广义时间加权二次性能指标(简称 GITSE 指标—GENE—RALIZED INTEGRAL OF TIME MULTIPLIED BY SQUAREERROR)进行参数优化设计的方法。利用数字计算机求出了该性能指标下二至五阶系统的最佳标准传递函数,并进行了详细分析。物理实验证明,GITSE 最佳调节应用于直流双闭环调速系统调节器的参数优化设计中,是切实可行的。     

两支承车床主轴的优化设计

本文主要讨论了两支承车床主轴的优化问题,较详细地叙述了数学模型的建立过程,给出了用复合形法进行优化的框图,并对优化结果进行了分析。     

Integrating the Kano model into a robust design approach to enhance customer satisfaction with product design

The aesthetic qualities of products are critical factors in achieving higher customer satisfaction. This study presents a robust design approach incorporating the Kano model to obtain the optimal combination of design form elements. This can effectively enhance customer satisfaction and aesthetic product qualities with multiple-criteria characteristics. The Kano model is used to better understand the relationship between performance criteria and customer satisfaction, and to resolve trade-off dilemma in multiple-criteria optimization by identifying the key criteria in customer satisfaction. The robust design approach combines grey relational analysis with the Taguchi method to optimize subjective quality with multiple-criteria characteristics. This simultaneously yields the optimal aesthetic performance and reduces the variations in customer evaluations. Based on Kano model analysis, a weight adjustment process determines the weight of each product criterion for achieving the desired customer satisfaction performance. This process guides the prioritizing of multiple criteria, leading to higher customer satisfaction. A mobile phone design experiment was conducted to verify the benefits of using the proposed integrative approach. Results show that the generated optimal mobile phone design can effectively enhance overall aesthetic performance and customer satisfaction. Although mobile phone designs are the examples of this study, the proposed method may be further used as a universal robust design approach for enhancing customer satisfaction and product quality with multiple-criteria characteristics.     

基于线性二次型的永磁同步电机最优滑模控制

永磁同步电机的伺服控制系统是一个典型的非线性、强耦合、多输入多输出的系统,负载扰动和参数摄动都会使系统不稳定。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于线性二次型最优的滑模控制设计方法。将滑模控制与最优控制二者的优点相结合,设计了最优滑模控制律,并分别搭建基于传统滑模控制的永磁同步电机速度控制器和基于线性二次型最优的滑模速度控制器的仿真模型,在相同的条件下进行仿真,观察系统在两种控制器下的抗干扰能力。结果表明,不论系统受到突加负载信号还是突减负载信号的干扰,最优滑模控制器都具有很好的抗干扰能力,有效地增强了系统的鲁棒性。所提出的方法提高了永磁同步电机控制系统的动静态性能,对深入研究永磁同步电机控制系统具有一定的参考价值。     

基于商场冷负荷特点的多台冷水机组优化配置研究

针对商场的热量特点讨论了约束条件和影响因子,模拟了动态冷负荷变化规律,给出了多台冷水机组优化配置方法及商场空调系统优化方案,并与原静态冷负荷法设计的空调系统进行对比分析,发现可节约36%左右的机组装机容量,减少设备装机容量5 000kW。经过1个夏季的运行证明本优化设计可满足商场使用要求,并达到了良好的节能效果。     

Neo‐Rawlsian Fringes: A New Approach to Market Segmentation and New Product Development*

Prior research into the link between new product development and market segmentation has focused on two main approaches: (1) design, segment, and do limited competitive evaluation; and (2) segment first, design second. This paper proposes a third approach, which is to simultaneously design, perform segmentation according to benefit and to evaluate against competitive designs. This research uses a benefit segmentation technique based on conjoint analysis (or other techniques that relate product attributes to consumer utility) in which the segments emerge simultaneously with the design based on certain design principles or “strategies.” Herein a method is proposed to narrow down the many possible feasible designs (combinations of attributes) to a finite set and to examine the appeal of each design. Five distinct design strategies are proposed for modeling and studying competitive reaction. These include “traditional” ones such as differentiation and new ones whose fringe customers have high utility. The paper shows that these five strategies are adequate for modeling competitive reaction using simulation. Another contribution of the paper is the way competitive reaction is modeled. In generating and evaluating a design the desire herein is also to assess the defensibility of the design and include it in the evaluation criteria. These issues are addressed by decomposing the solution procedure into two phases. In the first phase, different optimal designs are created based on predefined product development strategies. In the second, these optimal designs are compared against one another with regard to market share and potential to secure market leadership. This work shows that the nature of competition as well as the variability of customer preferences are critical to how a strategy performs. This process uncovers a surprisingly robust design strategy—developing attributes such that a “lower fringe” is most satisfied—that even achieves market dominance under certain conditions. This methodology is also applied to partworth data on refrigerators, which provides a concrete example of the concepts and demonstrates results consistent with the propositions developed earlier in the paper.     

齿轮弯曲强度与胶合强度的二次优化法

本文提出了一种多目标函数的优化方法,即二次优化法,并且用之求解了齿轮在胶合强度与弯曲强度条件下的综合最佳变位系数。     

被动式太阳房阳光间通风口优化设计

针对农村建筑节能改造设计中不同结构的附加式阳光间节能效果差异较大的情况,改良阳光间建筑结构形式并分析其温度场和气流组织分布情况,确定了最优建造方案。以河北省石家庄市某农宅为基础,对其阳光间进行开孔设计。在阳光间内侧墙面上开设不同半径和数量的通风口,设计12种不同的模型。结合Fluent模拟数据,对不同变量进行对比分析,研究不同半径和数量的通风口对室内热环境的影响,确定运行效果最优模型,对运行效果最优和效果最差的两种模型进行对比分析,进行通风口优化设计。结果显示,通风口半径为0.15 m,设置3个进风口2个出风口时,室内温度最高。研究成果可以为附加式阳光间的设计提供参考,可用于改进农宅建筑形式,提升农宅附加式阳光间的节能效益。     

Linking Marketing and Engineering Product Design Decisions via Analytical Target Cascading*

Firms design products that appeal to consumers and are feasible to produce. The resulting marketing and engineering design goals are driven by consumer preferences and engineering capabilities, two issues that conveniently are addressed in isolation from one another. This convenient isolation, however, typically will not result in optimal product decisions when the two problems are interrelated. A method new to the marketing community, analytical target cascading (ATC), is adopted here to explore such interrelationships and to formalize the process of coordinating marketing and engineering design problems in a way that is proven to yield the joint optimal solution. The ATC model is built atop well‐established marketing methodologies, such as conjoint, discrete choice modeling and demand forecasting. The method is demonstrated in the design of dial‐readout household scales, using real conjoint choice data and a parametric engineering product design model. Results indicate that the most profitable achievable product can fall short of predictions based on marketing alone but well ahead of what engineering may produce based on original marketing target specifications. A number of extensions can be accomplished readily using techniques from the extant marketing and design optimization literature.     

A comparison of quality function deployment and conjoint analysis in new product design

In this work, we compare two product design approaches, quality function deployment (QFD) and conjoint analysis, by applying each to the design of a new all-purpose climbing harness for the beginning/intermediate ability climber that would complement a leading manufacturer's existing product line. While many of the optimal design features were the same under both approaches, the differences allow us to highlight the strengths of each approach. With conjoint analysis, it was easier to compare the most preferred features (i.e., ones that maximized sales) to profit maximizing features and also to develop designs that optimize product line sales or profits. On the other hand, QFD was able to highlight the fact that certain engineering characteristics or design features had both positive and negative aspects. This tradeoff could point the way to "out of the box" solutions. QFD also highlighted the importance of starting explicitly with customer needs, regardless of which method is used.
Rather than competing, we view them as complementary approaches that should be conducted simultaneously; each providing feedback to the other. When the two approaches differed on the optimal level or importance of a feature, it appeared that conjoint analysis better captured customers' current preferences for product features while QFD captured what product developers thought would best satisfy customer needs. Looking at the problem through these different lenses provides a useful dialogue that should not be missed. QFD's ability to generate creative or novel solutions should be combined with conjoint analysis' ability to forecast market reaction to design changes. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.     

A model for supply management of agile manufacturing supply chains

This paper addresses the configuration problem of Manufacturing Supply Chains (MSC) with reference to the supply planning issue. Assuming that the manufacturing system is composed of different stages, we present a technique for the strategic management of the chain addressing supply planning and allowing the improvement of the MSC agility in terms of ability in reconfiguration to meet performance. More in detail, we enhance a previous design method by some of the authors that employs digraph modeling and integer linear programming to optimally design the MSC. The original approach avoids supply chain disruption and stock out and, at the same time, can manage spare parts distribution. In order to take into account the level of demands and maximum production capacities with single/multiple sourcing, in this new formulation we introduce supplier capacity constraints. A case study is presented describing the optimal MSC configuration of an Italian manufacturing firm. The obtained results show that the design method provides managers with key answers to issues related to the supply chain strategic configuration and agility, e.g., choosing the right location for distributors and retailers for enhanced MSC flexibility and performance.