德国金融危机救援行动的评析及对中国的启示

德国经济受到了金融危机的严重影响,但其经济体系未遭受根本性破坏,其重要原因之一是德国采取了比较有效的经济救援措施。一是金融救市计划,主要用于救助银行,稳定金融市场:二是先后出台的两套经济刺激计划,主要用于劳动市场促进、直接公共投资、以旧换新的汽车置换补贴。德国的经济救援行动主要遵从了四条基本准则:一是政府有限参与的准则:二是维护市场机制的准则;三是遵循现有政策框架的准则;四是强调政策及时性的准则。中国在4万亿元的经济刺激计划中,应当实现三个转变:①从注重应对危机的短期手段向注重完善市场机制的长期战略转变;②从关注公共投资数量向关注公共投资效益转变;③从单纯的减税和降息向改善企业经营环境转变。     

产业链“波粒二象性”研究——论产业链的特性、结构及其整合

由于对产业链特性认识不清，产业链的研究总是处于夹缝之中，依附于产业或企业的研究。正如光既不是“波”也不是“粒子”一样，产业链实际上是一个具有“波粒二象性”的特殊产业组织。它的结构也不是通常的产业纵向关联形式，而是类似“玻尔原子”结构式的企业关联状态。这种特性和结构就决定了产业链研究的核心问题是如何整合产业链，完成产业创新和实现产业价值。解决的主要思路就是根据产业链的“波粒二象性”来调控产业链间的企业关系，促进产业链条的优化。特别是在企业之间形成“量子纠缠”．推动“量子跃迁”。“量子纠缠”是为了无形“隐性知识”在产业链条中的“隐性传输”．“量子跃迁”是为了有形“中间产品”在产业链条间的“显性传输”。     

Centralized and Decentralized Contracts in a Moral Hazard Environment

We study the optimal allocation of the contracting capacity in a moral hazard environment. Centralizing is superior when the principal is able to establish all the contracts with the agents simultaneously and she is able to monitor side contracting between the agents. Otherwise, decentralizing can be a superior strategy. We apply our results to a firm's decision on which outlets to franchise. They suggest that franchising is more likely to occur the further the store is from headquarters, the more isolated it is and in those activities where the risk is low. This conclusion is consistent with empirical studies.     

Valuation and Efficiency in the Market for Creatively Financed Houses

This paper examines two alternative approaches to valuing the impact of creative financing on housing prices. The cash equivalence adjustment which is the generally accepted approach is compared to an approach known as the financed fee valuation adjustment which is argued to be theoretically superior. A sample of 45 matched pairs of condominium sales in which one of the units is creatively financed and the other is conventionally financed is employed to test which model is most effective at explaining the market adjustment for creative financing. The authors are unable to reject the hypothesis that the housing market being examined is efficient and that the financed fee valuation adjustment is a superior model for valuing the impact of creative financing.     

章动齿轮传动中直齿内锥齿轮加工及在线检测研究

针对内锥齿轮副加工困难,提出1种内锥齿轮副中内锥齿轮的加工方法。同时,基于锥齿轮啮合模型进行误差分析,利用Matlab软件建模并求出在线检测所需参数,通过对机床参数的调整,提高了内锥齿轮齿形加工精度。通过生产实践表明,该加工和检测方法是行之有效的。     

Privatizing agriculture : Policy options in developing countries

This paper examines the background to, and options for, privatization of state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector in developing countries. It identifies areas of the sector where privatization is feasible and those likely to remain under government control. It is concluded that, while there is some scope for privatization, it is unlikely to be as extensive as in other sectors since much of the production is already in private hands, there is limited capacity to pay for services and the capability of the private sector is currently low.     

R&D project selection: Productivity considerations

The paper consists of a theoretical discussion of the circumstances justifying the use of R&D to increase the productivity of a firm's manufacturing capability. There are three possibilities: Increase the productivity of existing capacity; re-equip with purchased existing best-practice technology; or use R&D to develop new technology.
The choice depends on which of the four following situations exist: 1) When the productivity of existing capacity is well below its potential and is also well below that of the industry's best-practice; in this case the right strategy is first to bring actual productivity up to potential, and then to consider the purchase of best-practice. 2) When productivity is well up to potential but is well below best practice; the advice is then to purchase best-practice. 3) When existing capacity is already best-practice but productivity is well below capacity; in this case productivity of existing plant should be increased. 4) When existing capacity is bestpractice and productivity is near the maximum; then and only then is R&D to develop new technology justified.
The paper concludes with a brief account of the process to be undergone between the establishment of a case for R&D using the above criteria and, if R&D is undertaken and completed, the retrospective review of its outcome.     

A model of creative design process for fostering creativity of students in design education

Creativity, which is concerned with problem solving, is essential if we are to generate new solutions to the massive and complex problems in the unknown future. Our next generation needs an educational platform where they can be taught to possess creativity. Design education is such a way to foster students’ creativity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the creative design process and its routine in order to show how students can generate creative output and how teachers can guide students in the design process. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to investigate the creative design process as it is employed in producing creative designs, and further recommend how students can practise and learn to be creative based on the model process developed in this paper. The model is expected to provide a guideline for teachers to facilitate students along the creative thinking process.     

Manufacturers need to show greater commitment to customer service

In order to improve their competitiveness, firms are being advised to be more responsive to customer needs, and there is evidence that customer service is becoming one of the key management issues of the 1990s. This article examines what manufacturing companies in the U. K. are doing in terms of customer service compared with managerial guidelines in the literature. The key concepts that have been advocated to make organizations more responsive and customer-driven are identified, and the extent to which this advice is followed is evaluated by conducting an empirical study of manufacturing companies. This comparison between what is preached in the literature and what is practiced by managers suggests that although managers may pay lip service to customers, their actions fall a long way short of what is required to be a customer-driven firm. The managerial implications are discussed.     

On the Consistency of Merger Policy

This paper presents a way to get around the information problem facing outside analysts who want to scrutinize competition authorities' decisions. A formal model of how decisions are taken is applied to infer information that is available to the authorities but not to the outside analyst. If the information thus inferred from several decisions is incompatible, it is claimed that the policy executed by the competition authorities is inconsistent. A case study is presented of two recent decisions by the Norwegian Competition Authority on proposed mergers in the Norwegian insurance industry, indicating they most likely were mutually inconsistent.     

Business marketing and the ethics of gift giving

This paper focuses on the common though ethically problematic practice of suppliers providing gifts and other benefits to buyers in a business-to-business context. It is argued that contrary to the claim that the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable practices is blurred when there is a focus on developing mutually beneficial, long-term relationships between suppliers and their business customers, there is a straightforward decision making procedure that can be applied. Central to this decision making procedure is the concept of a conflict of interest. While all organisations have very good reasons to address the issue of gifts and benefits, in a relationship marketing context there is even more reason to do so.     

工程报验在西部管道工程中的应用

对长庆石油勘探局建设工程总公司在西部管道工程中建立的报验模式作了介绍，并对运用报验来达到控制工程质量作了阐述。指出工程报验是质量控制的重要环节。     

Mechanisms to incentivise shared-use of spectrum

A key concern with the Licensed-shared access (LSA) approach currently being developed by European regulators is that leaving incumbents and secondary users to agree to bilateral arrangements may be insufficient to incentivise an optimal level of sharing.We propose an efficient auction mechanism to incentivise incumbent users to offer shared access to the spectrum they use. The mechanism consists of two stages. In the first stage, LSA licences are auctioned. In the second stage, the incumbent is provided with a choice of either granting access under an LSA agreement to the winner of the auction or not. If the incumbent accepts, its existing licence fee is reduced, whereas, if it rejects, its existing licence fee is increased. The change in the licence fee is such that a rational incumbent always opts to share when it is efficient to do so, i.e. when the cost of sharing is below the value to the secondary user.We also explore how this simple mechanism can be extended to situations in which there is more than one incumbent in a band. Our proposed approach involves package (combinatorial) bidding and linear reference prices.     

探索高职服装专业“校中厂”实训模式

服装专业教学中实训环节尤为重要,传统的实训方式与工厂生产有很大差距,因此,改变传统的实训模式是服装专业的首要任务。本文探索的"校中厂"模式就是让学生在全仿真的生产环境中学习和实践,实现毕业生与企业零对接。     

Symbiotic competition: future trends of the open know-how market

The question of whether or not to buy in scientific know-how is an important one for many organizations. Japan has done so in many areas and to good effect. Japan is also willing and able to sell as well as buy. It is argued that there are considerable advantages to be gained from an increased level of trade in scientific and technological knowledge and it is suggested that the development of an open know-how market is of value to many parties.     

对改革供电企业变电检修现行管理模式的探讨

提出了重组专业化的变电检修总公司的战略思路,对电网企业与总公司之间发展新型关系进行了探讨,指出以战略思维构筑战略联盟,保持合作联盟,实现共赢与发展.分析虽是对检修体制改革,同时也是对安全生产管理体制的变革,有利于供电企业的安全生产管理.     

硬盘的软写保护技术

公用机房的微型计算机软件系统极易受到破坏而造成系统瘫痪,是长期困扰公共机房的一大难题。本文叙述了通过使用软件对硬盘实现安全保护,来解决这一难题的原理、方法,并给出核心软件的源程序清单。     

风网互补技术在丛式井组的应用探讨

介绍了长庆油田地区风能资源测试、统计和分析的方法,得出了长庆油田基本位于风能可利用区的结论;针对长庆油田现状,提出了分布式风网互补供电系统在油田丛式井组上应用的方案;并对风力发电进行了效果测试分析。     

Telemarketing: Supplement to field sales

The purpose of this article is to describe how an application of telecommunications is affecting the promotion element in the marketing mix. Specifically, the focus is devoted to an analysis of how telemarketing is being used to supplement face-to-face personal sales activities.     

Aspects of the integration of technical functions for efficient product development

It is probably safe to say that today it is universally accepted and often common knowledge that cooperation between product development and the market functions is crucial for the ability of companies to develop market oriented products. Likewise, there are some strong indications that well functioning cooperation between production and product development is crucial for the development of products that are efficient to manufacture. However, no satisfactory solutions have yet been found to the issues of integration and cooperation. Although there is a consensus of opinion among companies that the need for cooperation is very great, a number of issues still remain to be solved. It is, for example, not clear on which issues cooperation should take place, nor which functions should be involved, nor yet how this should be done. This paper tries to answer some of these questions.