金融控股公司:混业经营的现实选择

随着我国加入WTO,经济发展全球化的到来,金融业的机遇与挑战同时并存。金融业单一经营已经不能适应市场发展的需求,金融业的改革已经势在必行,因此金融控股公司成为未来发展的必然趋势。     

金融控股公司协同效应异化风险及其防范

金融控股公司是金融业走向混业经营的重要形式,需面对除各单项金融业务一般风险外的特殊风险。可通过加强金融控股公司的内部控制与外部监管两方面来有效防范这类风险。金融控股公司在我国方兴未艾,伴随我国金融业管制的逐渐放松,国内金融控股公司的发展必将迈入一个新的阶段。     

金融混业经营趋势下的我国金融控股公司

混业经营已经成为全球金融业发展的必然趋势。随着我国金融市场的全面开放，我国金融业只有从分业过渡到混业经营才能够较快地适应全球化的竞争。金融控股公司形式就是这种过渡进程中有效的制度安排。研究分析了金融控股公司在我国的经营优势和风险，提出加快发展我国金融控股公司的相应对策，从而使我国金融业竞争力得到提升。     

我国金融控股公司治理结构存在问题及改进对策

金融控股公司的组建已成为世界金融业不可阻挡的发展趋势,在我国组建金融控股公司的实践中,研究如何完善我国金融控股公司的治理结构,以促进金融控股公司的良性发展,具有重要的现实意义。本文主要分析了我国金融控股公司治理结构上存在的缺陷,并试图提出改进的方向。     

构建以商业银行为主体的中国金融控股公司模式

在经济金融全球化趋势不断强化的格局下,混业经营已成为国际金融业经营方式的主流。从分业经营走向混业经营是中国金融业发展的必然选择。金融控股公司是混业经营的一种有效模式,根据国际经验和我国金融业发展的现实,构建以商业银行为主体的金融控股公司应当是我国金融业逐步实现混业经营的现实选择。     

我国金融控股公司发展模式比较研究

金融控股公司是金融混业经营的一种模式,是我国目前金融业的"分业经营、分业监管"体制下的现实合法选择,本文在对其概念和优劣势分析的基础上,比较了国内外金融控股公司的发展模式与路径,指出未来我国金融控股公司的发展模式与路径应选择"美国模式"即渐进式、诱致性的制度变迁模式,实现路径可采用行政整合和市场并购。     

金融业经营模式转换与金融控股公司

混业经营是世界各国金融业发展的主流。短期内,我国金融业必须坚持分业经营;长期内,混业经营是必然趋势。金融控股公司是我国金融业向混业经营模式过渡的最佳选择。分业经营和混业经营都可以实现对金融控股公司的有效监管。     

我国发展金融控股公司的模式选择

在现行分业体制下,发展金融控股公司是一种理想的选择。我国应根据国际经验和国内金融业发展情况,逐步探索出一条合适的金融控股公司发展道路。     

区域型金融控股公司的组建

国际金融业混业经营的大背景,以及国内金融分业经营带来的效率、竞争力低下问题,使得混业经营成为我国金融业长期发展的一个必然趋势。金融控股公司为实施混业经营提供了良好的组织形式。本文着眼于我国众多区域型金融机构,主要分析了区域型金融控股公司的组建及其有关问题。     

组建地方金融控股公司的必要性

发达国家金融业的发展实践表明,金融控股公司在规模经济、协同效应、资源共享及抵御单一业务产生的行业风险方面具有一定的优势。面临当前我国金融业结构大调整、大重组的浪潮,通过组建地方金融控股公司,实现突破性发展是我们值得探索的发展途径。     

金融混业经营的冲击与对策研究

金融资本对利润追求的本性、金融市场一体化的发展、跨国公司 (银行 )市场内部化的发展和计算机网络技术的进步使混业经营在金融全球化背景下成为了一种趋势。加入世界贸易组织后 ,我国金融业不得不经受外资金融机构混业经营模式在金融机构利润、金融市场资源配置效率、金融机构风险管理、金融监管等四个方面的冲击。目前 ,分业经营仍是我国金融制度的现实选择 ,混业经营是我国金融业不可回避的必然趋势     

超额现金持有的上市公司特质研究——对我国制造业上市公司的实证分析

超额持有现金的上市公司具有什么特质呢?以我国制造业329家上市公司2004—2006年的数据为整体样本,通过界定超额现金持有上市公司,将整体样本分成超额现金持有和非超额现金持有两个子样本,从公司治理、财务方面设计变量对两个子样本进行比较分析。实证结果表明,与非超额现金持有公司相比,超额持有现金公司负债比率要低,长期业绩会变差,现金股利支付比率低,而股东保护度和管理费用率不存在显著差异。     

外部环境与企业财务保守行为

基于代理理论和战略管理理论融合的观点,我们对企业外部环境与其财务保守行为之间的关系进行了理论分析和实证检验。实证研究结果表明,我国上市公司的财务政策与其外部环境存在明显不匹配的现象。表现为越是在动态环境、市场竞争激烈的行业,上市公司负债比率越高;越是环境稳定、市场竞争程度低的行业,上市公司的财务政策倾向保守。外部环境的变化和公司所处行业的竞争状况并不能合理解释我国上市公司的财务保守行为。企业的内源融资能力和我国的再融资政策也许是我国上市公司财务保守行为的重要原因。     

The Business(es) of the Chinese State

The state industrial sector is the Achilles heel of China's otherwise remarkable economic performance over the past two decades. Most other countries in transition from socialism have transformed SOEs into commercial entities through systematic, market‐driven restructuring and privatisation to become more efficient and competitive. In China, a series of innovative, if often administrative, insitutional reforms since 1978 have begun to achieve the Chinese authorities' goal of ‘separating governemtn from business.’ But the Chinese State still maintains ownership of key enterprises, and government agencies carry out shareholder functions typically performed by private owners in a market economy. Although privatisation and restructuring of SOEs is occurring, it mostly pertains to small and medium sized firms. For the principal businesses, by contrast, the creation of large state enterprise groups and holding companies (and experiments in other forms of ‘state asset management’) have become the main form of restructuring. Today, China's SOEs still account for more than one‐quarter of national production, two‐thirds of total assets, more than half of urban employment and almost three‐quarters of investment. While direct budgetary subsidies have declined, explicit and implicit subsidies are still making their way to prop up loss‐making SOEs through the financial system and other routes. At the same time, SOEs are still producing non‐marketable products, resulting in a sizeable inventory overhang. These inefficiencies and distortions represent a drain on the country's resources and thus present a challenge to the Chinese leadership for reform. This paper sheds light on these challenges by analysing the incentives and constraints on China's SOE reform programme. Four critical aspects of the reforms are highlighted and evaluated against the backdrop of international experience: clarification of property rights; establishment of large group/holding companies and other new organisational structures; improved corporate governance incentives; and implementation of international financial accounting and auditing practices. The paper concludes with policy recommendations.     

中国金融控股公司问题浅析

作者针对中国金融控股公司现状、组建金融控股公司的模式选择、设立金融控股公司面临的风险及金融控股公司监管的策略提出了建议并作了探讨。     

小企业民间借贷行为与制度安排

针对我国部分小企业所涉足的高利率民间借贷问题,本文按照现代经济学解释经济现象的基本思路和方法--现象观察、基本假设、建模与推导以及结论等,对之进行严格论证.本文认为,我国小企业融资困难是必然的,但这只是小企业参与民间借贷的充分条件;小企业参与民间借贷更多地是源于企业资金的"事后缺口",民间贷方参与小企业的未来利润分享就构成了民间借贷过程中的利率决定因素;民间借贷的风险主要源于借方的市场风险和道德风险,且只能通过贷方才能转嫁给公众,因此,约束、激励以及保护贷方可以使民间借贷之间的风险内部化;在目前的中国金融环境下,政府通过为小企业制定相关融资规则和提供"平台"--建立区域性民间借贷市场,比批准小银行或组建担保体系更能解决小企业融资问题.     

Financial bootstrapping in small businesses: Examining small business managers' resource acquisition behaviors

In recent years, small businesses have received much attention from policy makers and researchers, in that these businesses are considered important for economic growth and job creation. At the same time small businesses are assumed to face major problems in securing long-term external finance, which is regarded as restraining their development and growth. Small business managers are assumed to use institutional finance as a means of meeting the need for resources, and as a consequence the major part of the research on small business finance has focused on constraints in the supply of institutional (market) finance.As we see it, most small business managers handle the need for resources using means other than external finance by applying different kinds of financial bootstrapping methods. Financial bootstrapping refers to the use of methods for meeting the need for resources without relying on long-term external finance from debt holders and/or new owners. However, these other means of resource acquisition have, with few exceptions, not been focused on within earlier research on small business finance. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to describe small business managers' use of different financial bootstrapping methods, and, more importantly, to develop concepts that can help us better understand small business managers' financial bootstrapping behaviors.The research process was initiated with a number of unstructured interviews conducted with small business managers, accountants, consultants, bank officials, and researchers, in order to identify different financial bootstrapping possibilities. On the basis of the interviews and an earlier study on financial bootstrapping, resulting in the identification of 32 bootstrapping methods, a questionnaire was constructed and sent to 900 small business managers in Sweden. Given the limited knowledge within the area of financial bootstrapping, the study is based on explorative factor analysis and cluster analysis.From the cluster analysis six clusters of bootstrappers were identified, differing from each other with respect to the bootstrapping methods used and the characteristics of the business. On the basis of this information the different clusters were labeled: (1) delaying bootstrappers; (2) relationship-oriented bootstrappers; (3) subsidy-oriented bootstrappers; (4) minimizing bootstrappers; (5) non-bootstrappers; and (6) private owner-financed bootstrappers. The groups of financial bootstrappers show differences in their orientation toward resource acquisition, representing different aspects of an internal mode of resource acquisition, a social mode of resource acquisition, and a quasi-market mode of resource acquisition. We find that the delaying bootstrappers, private owner-financed bootstrappers, and minimizing bootstrappers all represent an internal mode of resource acquisition. The relationship-oriented bootstrappers follow a socially oriented mode of resource acquisition, whereas the subsidy-oriented bootstrappers apply quasi-market oriented resource acquisition.This study contributes to our empirical understanding by providing knowledge about the financial bootstrapping methods used in small businesses. Furthermore, by developing concepts this study contributes to the conceptual development of our knowledge about financial bootstrapping. The implication of this study is that financial bootstrapping is a phenomenon which deserves more attention in future research on small business finance. At the same time, financial bootstrapping behavior is probably a more general phenomenon, appearing in different contexts, such as R&D activities in large businesses, financing start-ups, etc. Finally, the study points out implications for small business managers, consultants, teachers, etc. Practitioners often tend to focus on market solutions to resource needs. This study shows, however, that this strong focus can be questioned. Resources needed in small businesses can in many situations be secured using financial bootstrapping methods, referring to internally oriented and socially oriented resource acquisition strategies.     

资产证券化和我国中小企业融资渠道的创新

我国中小企业融资所面临的困境严重地制约着其发展,作为直接融资方式的资产证券化为其融资提供了一条新渠道。由此探讨中小企业融资面临的问题,资产证券化所带来的利益及必要性,中小企业资产证券化的难点,提出了要从制度体系、市场体系、信用体系三大体系的建立与完善来保障其顺利进行,为中小企业的发展注入资金动力,拉动国民经济的进一步良性发展。     

互联网金融服务于中小微企业探析

2014年阿里巴巴在纽约证券交易所的正式上市,我国互联网金融企业迎来了一个春天。互联网涉猎于金融行业相关的服务及产品之中。互联网金融的发展在一定程度上促进了相关金融行业的整体发展,实现了相关服务信息的透明化和公开化。一方面,中小微企业相关金融服务存在融资的手续繁琐,成本相对较高,信贷配给量过低,融资渠道单一;另一方面,互联网金融实现了小额信贷的规模化和金融服务的订单化,保证了低成本服务的覆盖面积,实现了融资模式的创新。     

浅析功效系数法在基础化工行业上市公司财务预警中的应用研究

随着中国与世界经济的不断发展,中国的化工行业上市公司竞争日益激烈,同时也面临着巨大的风险和不确定性,企业有随时发生财务危机的威胁。在激烈的竞争环境下,有必要建立一套企业的财务风险预警模型,企业可以提前了解即将发生的财务危机,能够采取有效措施使企业避免危机的发生。通过功效系数法建立财务预警模型可以有效地对基础化工行业上市公司进行财务预警,它在一定程度上提高了基础化工行业上市公司财务风险状况评价的准确性。企业应该通过财务预警的过程和结果,发现财务危机形成的原因,并且及时采取有效的措施,保证降低企业的风险和损失,同时提高企业经营管理水平。