Financing Preferences of Spanish Firms: Evidence on the Pecking Order Theory

This paper analyses some of the empirical implications of the pecking order theory in the Spanish market using a panel data analysis of 1,566 firms over 1994–2000. The results show that the pecking order theory holds for most subsamples analyzed, particularly for the small and medium-sized enterprises and for the high-growth and highly leveraged companies. It is also shown that both the more and the less leveraged firms tend to converge towards more balanced capital structures. Finally, we observe that firms finance their funds flow deficits with long term debt.     

Does the Size Effect Explain the UK Winner-Loser Effect?

Dissanaike (1997) found a long-term winner-loser effect in the UK, within a sample of large (FT500) companies. However, he did not investigate as to whether there was a size effect within his sample, nor did he check to see if it subsumed his winner-loser effect. We find evidence of a size effect within the FT500 sample, and the size and winner-loser effects are not unrelated. But, there is no evidence to suggest that the size effect subsumes the winner-loser effect.     

The Role of Payout Ratio in the Relationship Between Stock Returns and Dividend Yield

Abstract:   This paper examines the relationship between returns and dividend yield in the UK stock market, and introduces earnings‐related data to the asset pricing model in the form of payout ratio. The latter has a considerable effect upon the inferences which would otherwise be drawn from a study of the dividend yield‐returns relationship in the absence of such earnings information. Payout ratio conveys additional signalling information and is an important adjunct to dividend yield in explaining returns.     

我国上市公司融资顺序的实证研究

本文在对Myers融资优序模型进行修正的基础上 ,采用大样本实证检验了我国沪深两市上市公司的融资情况。研究结果表明 :上市公司融资顺序首选股权融资 ,其次选择债务融资 ,最后选择内部融资 ;在债务融资顺序中 ,上市公司更加偏好短期负债融资而非长期负债融资。这些研究结果将为我国上市公司进行融资决策和政府有关部门制定融资监管政策提供有益的实证证据。     

我国上市公司融资啄序的实证分析

鉴于融资啄序理论主张的在信息不对称条件下的"留存收益-债权-股权"的企业最优融资啄序,以我国A股上市公司1994～2007年的融资数据为样本,根据上市公司的规模、成长性和杠杆水平对其进行分类,运用面板数据模型分析不同规模、成长性和杠杆水平的上市公司融资行为的啄序特征.实证结果表明:我国上市公司均存在不同程度的股权融资偏好,但这种偏好会受到诸如规模、成长能力和负债水平等内部条件以及外部融资政策的制约.     

优序融资理论推论二在我国上市公司的验证研究

美国财务学家斯蒂芬.罗斯(Ross)根据优序融资理论提出了三大推论,这些推论在我国上市公司是否有效?本文以第二推论为分析对象,以我国制造业盈利上市公司为研究样本,从负债率的多角度用统计分析的方法进行研究,结果显示企业的盈利能力与企业的有息负债率负相关,从而证实了优序融资理论推论二在我国上市公司的实证有效性。     

Determinants of the Pension Curtailment Decisions of UK Firms

Abstract:  During the last ten years of regulatory change, many UK companies have curtailed their defined benefit pension scheme. We test three competing explanations of UK corporate pension curtailments: integration, separation and risk management. We predict and find an association between the use of managerial discretion over changes in UK firms' expected rate of return on pension assets (ERR) assumptions, and subsequent decisions to curtail future defined benefit pension obligations. These findings are consistent with a risk management-based explanation, even after controlling for other factors identified by prior literature as significant in explaining pension benefit reductions. We also find that curtailments and the risk management of ERR assumptions are associated with subsequent corporate restructuring decisions. The findings support the view that pension curtailment decisions are driven by the failure to adapt to new economic and regulatory pressures and that they are ultimately determined by strategic corporate risk management considerations.     

中国上市公司绩效评价指标:股权融资偏好的一种行为解释--基于绩效评价指标驱动的财务行为研究

现代经济学的潮流已经转向对经济现象提供解释.中国上市公司存在股权融资偏好现象,这种融资顺序安排与西方财务学理论的融资优序理论相悖.对此,国内学术界提出了各种解释.本文从上市公司绩效评价指标驱动的视角,研究、解释上市公司融资偏好.如果中国上市公司的绩效评价采用经济附加值指标,其股权融资偏好可能发生变化,中国上市公司的经营模式将从利润模式转到价值模式,这对中国上市公司和证券市场具有特别重要的意义.     

Does the Pricing of Financial Reporting Quality Change Around Dividend Changes?

We examine whether accrual earnings quality is a priced information risk factor in a dividend change setting. We define information risk as the probability that firm‐specific financial statement information pertinent to investor pricing decisions is of low precision, and use the factor‐mimicking portfolio returns formed on the Dechow‐Dichev [2002] accrual quality (AQ) metric to proxy for the information risk (IR) factor returns. We augment the Fama‐French three‐factor model with this IR factor, and find that dividend initiation and increase firms exhibit a decrease in the factor loadings on the IR factor while dividend decrease firms exhibit an increase in the corresponding factor loadings, but such changes in the factor loadings occur months prior to the dividend change announcements. The results are robust to further controls for operating risk and using an alternative measure of information risk. Further analysis on changes in information characteristics such as AQ, the probability of informed trading score (PIN), forecast dispersion, and return volatility surrounding dividend change events are consistent with the asset pricing results. Overall, we interpret our results as being consistent with investors treating the information risk associated with the precision of financial statement information as a priced risk factor, with both the precision and pricing changing in predictable directions around dividend changes. However, while we attempt to control for operating risk changes in additional tests, we cannot completely rule out changes in operating risk as a competing alternative explanation for our observed results.     

The Impact of Financing Surpluses and Large Financing Deficits on Tests of the Pecking Order Theory

This paper extends the basic pecking order model of Shyam-Sunder and Myers by separating the effects of financing surpluses, normal deficits, and large deficits. Using a panel of US firms over the period 1971-2005, we find that the estimated pecking order coefficient is highest for surpluses (0.90), lower for normal deficits (0.74), and lowest when firms have large financing deficits (0.09). These findings shed light on two empirical puzzles: 1) small firms, although having the highest potential for asymmetric information, do not behave according to the pecking order theory, and 2) the pecking order theory has lost explanatory power over time. We provide a solution to these puzzles by demonstrating that the frequency of large deficits is higher in smaller firms and increasing over time. We argue that our results are consistent with the debt capacity in the pecking order model.     

An Examination of the Long Run Performance of UK Acquiring Firms

This study examines a comprehensive data set of large domestic takeovers by UK listed companies between 1984 and 1992. The contribution of this paper is to show, by using a series of models of abnormal returns, together with the Ibbotson (1975) 'Returns Across Time Series' model and a simple cross-sectional model of returns across all listed UK companies, that the average abnormal return for up to two years post-acquisition is unambiguously and significantly negative. In particular, acquirers financing a takeover through equity, and single (as opposed to regular) acquirers exhibit significant negative performance. There is also some evidence to suggest that diversifying acquirers perform worse than non-diversifying acquirers and that recommended bids are associated with poorer subsequent under-performance by acquirers than are hostile bids.     

股权分置改革、高股利分配与投资者利益保护——基于驰宏锌锗的案例研究

本文以我国股权分置改革为制度背景,从股利代理理论和投资者保护理论角度出发,研究驰宏锌锗的股利分配行为与投资者利益保护的关系。分析结果表明,驰宏锌锗在股权分置改革过程中所进行的股利分配,有严重侵占中小股东利益之嫌。针对这一问题,我们建议监管当局要加强对上市公司高股利分配行为的监管,并继续完善中小投资者法律保护建设,尤其是执行层面的监督。上市公司则应该提高其所披露信息的质量,促进公司稳定和谐发展。     

会计师事务所内部治理机制建设探讨

我们事务所持续经营了十几年,由全民事业单位改制为自然人为股东的有限责任事务所,经历了创业、发展、改制、组合、再发展等阶段。当前,摆在全新理念下的会计师事务所的头等大事仍然是内部治理机制的建设与完善。它关系到事务所的发展,乃至注册会计师行业的发展。就这个问题,我们谈以下几点看法:依法制定章程是事务所完善内部治理的基础如果说支撑人躯体的是骨骼,那么,支撑事务所构架的则是事务所章程。我国《公司法》明确规定“设立公司必须依法制定公司章程”。目前的会计师事务所是依据《公司法》组建起来的有限责任会计师事务所,必然要…     

基于分组固定效应模型的中国上市公司股利政策研究

基于1257家主板上市公司2004—2014年的数据,运用分组固定效应模型,考量中国上市公司的股利政策。结果表明：相比其他估计技术,分组固定效应模型的研究结果更为准确。中国上市公司在股利分配政策上具有长远规划,股利政策存在异质性且缺乏稳定性,股利平均支付比率处于较低水平。     

Small and Medium Size Enterprise Financing: A Note on Some of the Empirical Implications of a Pecking Order

Asymmetric information models predict a 'pecking order' which reflects a combination of owner-manager preferences and external capital supply constraints whenever insiders know more about the true value of the firm's prospects than outsiders. The pecking order results in retained earnings being the most preferred source of finance, then debt and finally the issue of new shares to outsiders. Using a sample of 629 UK SMEs over the five-year period from 1990 to 1995 we find evidence consistent with a pecking order in which retained equity is preferred over debt. As expected, the evidence of a pecking order was particularly strong in respect of the closely-held firms in our sample.     

Does the Presence of Venture Capitalists Improve the Survival Profile of IPO Firms?

The role of venture capital in the creation of the public corporation is now widely recognized. This study investigates whether venture capitalists add value to the going public process by improving the survival profile of IPO issuers. The survival of IPO issuers is not only likely to depend on managerial actions but also on the effectiveness of key market participants such as investment bankers and analysts. The form and function of the venture capital industry allows venture capitalists to influence the actions of managers, investment bankers, and analysts, and attract institutional interest. Conducting survival analyses using the Cox hazard methodology, we find that the involvement of venture capitalists improves the survival profile of IPO firms. Several other variables that are potentially influenced by VC involvement like R&D allocations, analyst following, investment banker prestige, and success on road shows are also positively related to the survival time of IPO issuers.