宏观审慎政策协调能否抑制国际性银行危机传染？——基于跨境金融关联视角的实证研究

本文基于跨境金融关联视角对宏观审慎政策能否抑制国际性银行危机传染这一重要的理论与实践问题进行了实证研究。选取亚洲金融危机和全球金融危机时期遭受冲击的10个代表性国家作为样本,构建Logit模型和多元回归模型探讨本国及具有金融关联的国家协调实施宏观审慎政策对本国系统性银行危机传染的影响。研究表明,具有金融关联的国家出现金融危机会显著增加本国系统性银行危机的发生概率,具有金融关联的国家实施宏观审慎政策对本国信贷的影响比对房价的影响更明显,本国及具有金融关联的国家协调实施宏观审慎政策会显著降低本国系统性银行危机的发生概率。在调整银行危机指标及考虑贸易关联和流动性风险的影响后,研究结果依然保持稳健。本文的研究结论揭示了加强宏观审慎政策协调有助于维护全球金融稳定,对于中国政策当局强化宏观审慎管理具有极其重要的政策含义。     

信贷扩张与系统性银行危机：如何理解宏观审慎政策的作用？

本文对全球125个经济体1990—2020年的数据建立面板logit模型，从宏观审慎政策视角研究了信贷扩张与系统性银行危机之间的关系。研究发现，宏观审慎政策对于信贷扩张具有反向调节效应。进一步分析，信贷扩张对系统性银行危机发生概率的提高作用并不会因为收入水平、经济发展水平的不同以及时间范围的变化而发生改变，但是宏观审慎政策对信贷扩张的调节效应仅在中高收入国家、发达经济体以及金融危机发生之前显著。此外，信贷类和其他类宏观审慎政策会降低系统性银行危机发生的概率，但仅有流动性宏观审慎政策对信贷扩张具有明显调节作用。本文还证实了系统性银行危机具有明显动态持续性特征，宏观审慎政策与金融监管能够产生协同效应。     

宏观审慎政策、信贷扩张与系统性银行危机——基于124个经济体的国际经验证据

加强宏观审慎有效监管,使宏观审慎政策有效发挥作用,对于防范发生系统性银行危机、守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线至关重要。本文基于124个经济体1990—2017年的跨国面板数据,研究宏观审慎政策防范系统性银行危机的效果,并探讨其作用机制和异质性。研究结果表明,紧缩型宏观审慎政策能够降低系统性银行危机的发生概率。作用机制方面,紧缩型宏观审慎政策通过抑制信贷扩张,降低了系统性银行危机的发生概率。异质性分析方面,宏观审慎政策在发达经济体、金融体系为市场主导型及金融发展程度较高的经济体更为有效。此外,宏观审慎政策在经济周期不同阶段的效力也存在差异,防范系统性银行危机的效力在经济上行阶段更为有效。本研究对于宏观审慎政策实施与政策工具选择、防止信贷过度扩张与防范系统性银行危机方面,提供了重要的经验证据和政策启示。     

中国银行体系更需进一步健全

不完善的银行体系成为危机发生的突破口在国际金融理论界,对于亚洲金融危机的成因:有三种具有较大影响的观点:宏观经济基础论、金融恐慌论和金融体系脆弱论。这些观点都表示金融危机是一种由多种因素引起的综合并发症,是多重因素蓄积和作用的结果。国际货币基金组织曾指出,导致亚洲金融危机发生的一个重要原因是亚洲银行体制的缺陷。尽     

利率市场化、存款保险制度与系统性银行危机防范北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文基于全球88个国家1970～2012年的面板数据,研究了利率市场化改革和存款保险制度建设对系统性银行危机发生概率的影响。研究表明,利率市场化将提高系统性银行危机发生几率;存款保险制度对系统性银行危机发生几率的影响,取决于存款保险制度的金融稳定作用和导致的银行道德风险问题;尽管利率市场化完成后存款保险导致的银行道德风险上升、存款保险的金融稳定效应可能并不明显,但若利率市场化时期建有存款保险制度,将有助于降低利率市场化改革时期系统性银行危机发生概率。另外,加强银行监管有助于限制存款保险导致的银行道德风险、增进银行系统稳定性;提高市场约束力和防范道德风险的存款保险制度设计,也有助于防止系统性银行危机发生。     

D篇——中国银行体系更需进一步健全

不完善的银行体系成为危机发生的突破口 在国际金融理论界，对于亚洲金融危机的成因：有三种具有较大影响的观点：宏观经济基础论、金融恐慌论和金融体系脆弱论。这些观点都表示金融危机是一种由多种因素引起的综合并发症，是多重因素蓄积和作用的结果。国际货币基金组织曾指出，导致亚洲金融危机发生的一个重要原因是亚洲银行体制的缺陷。     

国际资本流动“突然停止”、银行危机及其产出效应

国际资本流动突然停止是新兴市场国家金融全球化和金融开放早期面临的重要障碍。本文运用20个新兴市场国家1976~2006年间的面板数据,考察突然停止和银行危机对宏观经济产出的影响。研究发现:突然停止或银行危机都不必然导致产出的大幅下降;如果银行部门不发生系统性的危机,突然停止对产出没有显著影响;给定国际资本流动不出现大幅的逆转,银行危机对产出的影响也不显著;突然停止和银行危机的叠加则对产出造成严重的负面冲击,经济增长率显著下滑。研究结论有重要的政策含义,表明构建一个稳固的银行体系对于一国金融开放和金融自由化过程中的经济安全至关重要。     

基层央行金融风险监测机制设计及操作流程

<正>一、基层央行金融风险监测工作机制设计世界银行的研究表明,自二十世纪70年代以来,共有93个国家先后爆发117起系统性银行危机,有45个国家发生了51起局部性银行危机。从大部分银行危机案例看,银行体系的风险问题往往是由于最后     

影子银行体系影响了货币政策的传导机制吗?

本文选取了2002—2014年宏观经济的月度与季度数据作为研究样本,以影子银行体系与货币政策传导机制为研究对象,重点考察了影子银行体系对传统的利率传导机制的宏观效应,并进一步剖析了产生这一现象的原因。研究结果表明:一是在2008年国际金融危机之后,影子银行体系对传统的利率传导机制产生了显著影响,表现为利率水平对产出缺口的影响效力明显下降,而影子银行体系对产出缺口的影响效力日益增强;二是利率传导机制受到抑制的原因主要在于市场利率变动对贷款创造的影响出现了明显的下降;三是除金融抑制的大环境之外,中国过于频繁变动的宏观经济政策是影子银行体系产生与发展最为重要的原因。     

利率市场化背景下银行系统性危机的实证研究

从利率市场化的国际经验来看,无论是在发达国家还是发展中国家,其实施过程都容易导致不同程度的银行业危机。采用1973~2012年42个国家的面板数据,对利率市场化背景下的银行业危机进行的实证研究表明：利率市场化的推进将增加银行系统性危机发生的机率,特别是在存款利率市场化阶段,而严格的银行监管是抑制银行系统危机发生的有效方法;显性存款保险制度的设立无助于利率市场化后银行系统性风险的防范,甚至有可能会增加危机发生的机率;资本账户开放下进行利率市场化会增加银行系统危机发生的机率。利率市场化进程中允许开设民营银行不会增加银行系统危机的发生机率。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.