生态伦理观在公共经济政策中的培育与运用

生态环境危机是当今各国政府面临的重大难题,用生态伦理思想对待自然、协调人与自然之间的关系至关重要.生态伦理为公共经济政策的制订提供重要支持和参考.本文从伦理学和经济学角度阐述了生态伦理与公共经济政策的关系,提出了诸如加强生态环境法制建设、以技术创新为先导、鼓励发展潜势产业以及开征环境资源税等措施,探讨了矿区这一生态脆弱区的先进经验和有效做法,认为充分尊重并遵循生态伦理思想是新时代公共经济政策的必然选择.     

循环经济的伦理内涵研究

从循环经济的生态伦理内涵认识和理解循环经济,使人们认识到循环经济是建立在“人-自然-社会”三维符合系统基础上的经济系统的循环。以循环经济的生态伦理内涵为主要内容,重点从生态伦理思想基础、生态伦理原则、和谐发展观、“以人为本”四个方面进行分析论证,为人们全面深刻认识循环经济提供了重要的理论依据。     

论“中国梦”的生态伦理关怀北大核心CSSCI

生态伦理关怀既是实现"中国梦"的前提,也是"中国梦"的重要内容。这一内容主要包括尊重自然、顺应自然的生态伦理理念,环境友好、人与自然和谐共生的生态伦理思想以及与生态伦理趋同的永续发展追求。当今时代,只有坚持马克思主义的指导,批判继承人类优秀文明成果,加强制度设计,立足中国特色社会主义建设实践大力发展生产才能有效推动"中国梦"视阈中生态伦理关怀的践行。     

论“中国梦”的生态伦理关怀

生态伦理关怀既是实现"中国梦"的前提,也是"中国梦"的重要内容。这一内容主要包括尊重自然、顺应自然的生态伦理理念,环境友好、人与自然和谐共生的生态伦理思想以及与生态伦理趋同的永续发展追求。当今时代,只有坚持马克思主义的指导,批判继承人类优秀文明成果,加强制度设计,立足中国特色社会主义建设实践大力发展生产才能有效推动"中国梦"视阈中生态伦理关怀的践行。     

科学发展观经济伦理思想初探

科学发展观经济伦理思想把发展作为第一要义,在坚持以经济建设为中心的同时强调又好又快发展,实现了对马克思主义经济伦理的继承与创新。科学发展观经济伦理思想认为经济发展是实现社会主义制度之善的前提,‘好字优先”体现了经济发展的伦理属性,公平是经济伦理的价值导向。科学发展观经济伦理思想还包含了诚信守法、艰苦奋斗、服务人民等具体的经济伦理规范。     

从生态经济的视角构建生态税制协调体系

经济社会的发展必须建立在生态环境可承受的基础上,力求经济、社会和环境三者的平衡。在生态经济的建设过程中,应建立成本补偿型生态税收政策和激励型生态税收政策相协调的税收机制,引入生态保险机制。在生态伦理建设中融入生态税收思想,使生态伦理促进生态税制的建设和发展,生态税收政策与其他经济政策配合,发挥整体调节功能,有效促进生态经济的发展。     

“一带一路”战略下的甘肃生态伦理研究

长期以来,甘肃生态环境极为恶劣,具有敏感性、脆弱性和区域生态退化严重等特征。作为"丝绸之路经济带"重要节点省份,甘肃要坚持绿色发展,协调处理好地方经济发展与生态环境之间的关系,在马克思主义生态伦理思想和中国传统生态伦理思想指引下,充分发挥"一带一路"战略的生态作用,建设大美中国。     

少数民族生态伦理思想对大学生生态伦理教育的启示

加强高校生态伦理教育,使大学生树立良好的生态发展观和生态道德观,对于实现经济社会可持续发展有着现实的指导意义。少数民族生态伦理思想具有四个基本特征。对当代大学生生态伦理教育有四点启示：加强生态伦理教育研究,正确认识发展与环保的关系;注重区域差异,增强生态伦理教育的针对性;树立正确的生态发展观和生态消费观;积极拓展生态伦理教育的形式。     

动伦理之力 强组织之魂

伦理是关于秩序、关系及道德的学问,是在人与人之间的社会关系中体现出来的,是以人们之间的社会性交往和彼此互动的方式存在的,伦理包括家庭伦理、生命伦理、生活伦理、生态伦理以及行政伦理、管理伦理、经济伦理,等等,而公共伦理主涉及公共领域,包括政府伦理、企业伦理等。本文试结合地方税收工作实际,就如何加强地税行政伦理建设有关问题作一初步探讨。     

生态整体主义的生态伦理思想探析——生态伦理建设问题研究之一

生态整体主义的生态伦理思想要求建立一种生态整体主义的伦理原则,认为人是生态系统中的一员,应该对生态系统整体及生态系统中的其它成员负有道德义务。生态整体主义的价值观不仅看到了人对社会、人对自然的依赖,也看到了生态系统的稳定与发展同样离不开人类社会的发展。     

论低碳经济发展视阈下的公共政策创新

在全球变暖及其所带来的一系列生态环境问题备受国际关注的时代背景下,低碳经济发展越来越受到各国政府的普遍重视。本文分别从能源安全政策、产业、财税政策、公共参与政策、人才政策以及消费政策五方面展开分析,在此基础上提出适合我国国情的低碳政策创新建议。     

循环经济的道德特性和行为方式

循环经济是经济发展与生态环境保护运动深度融合的结果,它的出现既体现了经济自身运行规律的客观必然性,也蕴涵着社会伦理演变中的道德必然性和内在的合道德性价值依据。循环经济的道德特性从根本上说是对自然生态的终极关怀和对人自身的终极关怀,是人类全面发展的重要手段。循环经济伦理是伦理观念和伦理实践的统一,它既是一个伦理观念更新的过程,也是一个在实践中自我规范的过程。     

政府公共消费的经济效应及其政策含义

关于公共消费与经济增长之间的关系,学术界颇多争论,分歧较大,虽然一些研究成果发现公共消费与经济增长负相关,但也有一些学者通过研究得出了截然相反的结论.本文运用经济增长理论分析公共消费支出的社会经济效应,并以中国相关数据为样本进行实证检验,并提出相关的政策建议.     

The Ethics of Regional Policy

In the beginning, the economy was closed to ethics and as a social science had a moral dimension. However, after the marginal revolution and during the twentieth century, ethics was not considered in the economic analysis. Fortunately, this situation changed at the end of the past century. This paper analyzes the ethics of regional policy. Regional policy has an ethics dimension because its main goals are to reduce the differences among regions and to redistribute income. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between regional policy and ethics, considering both targets and instruments. We will consider, mainly, the case of the European Union.     

现代企业建设中的经济伦理问题探讨

随着市场经济的发展,我国现代企业在发展过程中出现了一些令人担忧的伦理危机,主要表现为一些现代企业在生产、交换、消费等领域的经济伦理问题,不仅直接损害了消费者的利益和社会的长远利益,扰乱了社会主义经济秩序,而且严重影响了现代企业的生存和发展。研究现代企业经济伦理是全球化经济一体化发展下的国际竞争新形势的需要,从制度伦理、经济伦理的角度,明确现代企业未来建设的方向,有利于现代企业提高竞争优势,实现可持续发展。最后,现代企业建设还需处理好伦理道德的主体性与规范性、现实性与理想性的关系。     

SIZE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR,ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY*

The growth of the public sector in the post-war period and the consequences of this development for economic growth is a strongly disputed subject of economic theory and policy. In this paper the development trends of state activities in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany are presented. The structure of public expenditures as well as the tax structure are taken into consideration and possible impacts on real economic growth are analysed. The negative correlations between some kinds of public expenditures (or taxes) and the growth rate of real GNP should not be taken in proof of the growth-retarding effects which might ensue from increasing state activities. It seems to be more likely that state activities have induced shifts of resources from the formal into the informal economy. Politicians should be aware that some measures of economic policy conventionally proposed will strengthen the movement into the informal economy, thus intensifying the current problems within the public budgets as well as in the social security system.     

刍议农村经济发展中生态环境恶化对策

近年来党和政府提出了科学发展观,发展以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的生态经济,但在实践过程中,由于生态环境属于共有资源,往往管理不到位,造成环境污染。要彻底解决这类问题,必须实施可持续发展的生态经济,建立生态补偿机制,以便调整相关利益各方生态及其经济利益的分配关系,促进生态和环境保护,促进城乡间、地区间和群体间的公平性和社会的协调发展。     

PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING: AN ANALYSIS OF POLICY ALTERNATIVES

This paper discusses alternative privatization schemes for public housing in light of economic efficiency, "policy efficiency," and equity. The analysis shows that removing restrictions to resale by the purchasers is the key to improving economic efficiency and that restricting resales to target group members is the key to achieving policy efficiency. Further, removing restrictions to bidding (viz. open competition) among eligible households is essential for both economic efficiency and equity. The paper discusses the trade-off between various policy objectives inherent in some of the schemes. It recommends the "eligibility model" of privatization, under which households can resell their public housing units any time offer purchase to any household within the group targeted by the government for assistance as determined by the gzovernment.     

新农村建设与生态保护协同发展模式研究——以贵州乌蒙山区为例

生境脆弱而经济贫困的乌蒙山区,人地关系紧张、＂三农＂问题尖锐。以破解＂三农＂问题为主要目标的新农村建设,须立足区域喀斯特自然本底,综合运用人文、社会、政策、制度等要素类聚因地制宜地展开。根据恢复生态学原理建设不同类型、不同模式的新农村,以人为本地推进生态保护与经济脱贫协同发展。     

Study on Medium- and Long-Term Fiscal Policies to Cope with Climate Change under the “Dual Carbon” Goals

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality constitute an extensive, profound and systemic economic and social change. It is worthwhile to explore how fiscal policy, as a key institutional arrangement in the public policy system to cope with climate change, can play a fundamental and pillar role. Based on literatures, theories and empirical materials, this paper systematically explores the relationship between climate change and public finance. The fiscal impact of climate change will eventually be reflected in fiscal behavior, fiscal costs and fiscal relations, and the fiscal system has the adaptability of an “automatic stabilizer” and the proactiveness to enable the Discretionary Approaches function when facing climate change impacts. This implies such a governance logic of fiscal policy that is systematic, forward-looking and flexible in addressing climate change. In the future, it is necessary to further incorporate climate change or related environmental factors into the fiscal policy framework, target the two key aspects of mitigation and adaptation, and carry out a holistic, systematic and forward-looking reform of the existing fiscal expenditure policy, fiscal revenue policy, fiscal investment and financing policy, government budget system, government procurement policy and ecological compensation policy. While highlighting the “governance” function of fiscal policy in addressing climate change, Chinese government needs to strengthen the coordination and collaboration between fiscal policy tools and other public policies, and magnify the governance effectiveness of fiscal policy in the process of addressing climate change. This paper helps understand the positioning, role and influence of fiscal policy in the process of addressing climate change, provides a basis for better playing the fundamental and underpinning role of the modern fiscal system in the governance of ecological civilization, and presents an analytical framework for building a theoretical system of ecological fiscal governance.