Bringing Unemployed Back to Work: Effective Active Labor Market Policies

We present a theoretical analysis of different types of active labor market policies in the context of a search-matching model. We find that labor market training is effective in bringing down unemployment while public employment services and subsidized jobs are not effective at all. This theoretical finding is confirmed in an explorative empirical analysis using data from 20 OECD countries.     

内部劳动力市场、就业惯性与农业贡献弱化——对“民工荒”的一个解释

文章从劳动力市场要素变化和劳动者就业惯性着手，建立了一个新的分析视角，分析了“民工荒”产生的原因，提出了解决策略。文章通过数据分析得出如下结论：我国东部地区“民工荒”产生的原因，一是中部地区的重新崛起使中部农村剩余劳动力就地跨行业转移，从而减少就业惯性阻力；二是内部劳动力市场的变化加强了就业惯性力量。     

Fertility Effects of Labor Market Conditions at Graduation

This study examines how individuals' fertility outcomes were affected by the labor market conditions they experienced at graduation. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey, it finds that poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed individuals' entry into parenthood. Higher unemployment rates at graduation reduced the probability of having at least one child in the survey year for both men and women. The negative fertility effects generally followed a U-shape, reached the maximum around average childbearing ages, and faded out within 15 years after graduation. Low-skilled workers mainly contribute to the negative fertility effects observed in the whole sample. Employment and marital outcomes are also analyzed as potential mechanisms. Estimation results indicate that individuals who experienced poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed marriage and the birth of the first child due to a lower probability of being employed, reduced working hours, and adverse income shocks. The negative long-term fertility effects should be brought to policymakers' attention, especially when China's low fertility issue worsens. Policymakers are expected to create more favorable employment conditions for labor market entrants to encourage fertility and expand the future working-age population.     

我国制度变迁中的劳动力市场分析

尽管我国的就业体制已经基本由过去的计划配置转向市场经济的市场配置,然而,传统经济体制下制度的路径依赖效应仍然对劳动力市场的一体化进程产生阻碍,极大地制约着我国劳动力资源比较优势的发挥,影响资源配置效率.     

Effects of Educational Mistmatch on Wages in the Korean Labor Market*

Using data on Korean workers from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, the present study empirically investigates the incidence and wage effects of educational mismatch. Among full‐time workers aged 25–54, approximately 27 percent are overeducated and 15 percent are undereducated. Our results reveal that, after controlling for omitted variable bias and measurement errors, return to an additional year of overeducation is significantly less than that to a year of required education, whereas undereducated workers do not appear to suffer wage penalties associated with their deficit schooling. The findings also show that returns to a year of overeducation vary across fields of study. The returns to overeducation for college graduates from health and welfare, engineering and manufacturing, and social sciences, business and law are relatively high compared with those in agriculture, services, and humanities and arts.     

关于深化对劳动和劳动价值理论的研究与认识之我见

本文系统讨论了马克思的劳动价值论中技术关系与社会关系之间的联系,表明如何以马克思的劳动价值论的基本观点为基础来分析技术关系的物质财富生产和生产率的变动与作为收入分配的社会关系之间的联系,并用以解释现实问题。     

经理人市场对高管薪酬的影响—来自高管跳槽现象的证据

基于2007－2014年A股上市公司数据,从高管跳槽现象的视角,对经理人市场如何影响高管薪酬进行探究。研究发现,公司在发生高管跳槽之后会显著提高现任高管的薪酬,尤其是基于股权的薪酬。现任高管的薪酬提升幅度与其在经理人市场上的流动性有关,也与跳槽高管的特征（对原公司的重要性、新工作的吸引力）有关。同时,通过引入倾向得分匹配（ PSM）模型,发现发生高管跳槽的公司在事前有显著的薪酬劣势,而事后的加薪使这些公司显著的薪酬劣势消失。另外,加薪措施能够有效地防止现任高管的跳槽。研究结果说明,经理人市场中的高管跳槽行为是公司薪酬政策的重要决定因素之一。     

Cyclical Quality Adjustment in the Labor Market

Various reasons have been put forward to explain the stylized fact that the wages of job starters are more procyclical than the wages of workers who don't change jobs. I explore the theoretical and empirical basis for one such reason: firms adjust the quality of workers assigned to jobs over the business cycle. I show that there is evidence that quality adjustment is an important feature of cyclical adjustment in labor markets. New hires of any particular ability level get lower quality jobs in recessions than in booms. The results indicate that about half of the wage procyclicality of new hires can be ascribed to variation in the matches between firms and workers over the business cycle. These systematic changes in assignment imply that government policy aimed at high-skill sectors can have positive effects on low-skill individuals by increasing the probability that they upgrade occupation and industry.     

Family Labor Supply and Proposed Tax Reforms in the Netherlands

This paper presents a discrete choice static neo-classical labor supply model for married or cohabiting couples in the Netherlands. The model simultaneously explains the participation decision and the desired number of hours worked. Due to its discrete nature, institutional details of the tax system can be fully incorporated. The model is estimated using Dutch cross-section data. The results are used to simulate the first order labor supply effects of several proposed reforms of the Dutch income tax system. In particular, it is shown that some of the proposed reforms would have a negative effect on the number of married females who prefer a small part-time job. This pitfall is avoided in the proposal that has gone to Parliament.     

国际贸易与劳动力市场:研究述评

近三十年来,国际贸易迅速发展,同时各国劳动力市场保持着一种动态变化,国际贸易对劳动力市场的影响不断加深.在这一背景下,国际经济学和劳动经济学领域的学者对国际贸易与劳动力市场的关系进行了大量的理论与经验研究,相关研究主要集中在三个方面:国际贸易对各国工资的影响、国际贸易对各国就业的效应以及国际贸易对劳动力需求弹性的影响.本文将从上述三个方面对相关研究进行回顾.     

劳动力市场分割下的中国农村劳动力流动模型

中国城乡之间的劳动力流动是资源重新配置的方式之一,对中国经济发展具有积极的作用.本文将中国城乡间的劳动力市场分割概括为人力资本型分割和户籍型分割,分析了在分割的市场中农村劳动力流动的过程,并构造了以劳动力流动率为因变量的中国农村劳动力流动模型,全面地解释了农村劳动力流动的影响因素.分析结果表明,影响农村劳动力流动的因素包括劳动力市场分割的程度、城镇部门和农村部门的人均土地占有量、前期的城乡劳动力比以及以工资率为中介的两部门相关变量.但是,本文的研究结果不支持通过提高城乡工资率差来促进农村劳动力流动;可行的措施应在劳动力市场分割的减轻、社会保障体系的完善、土地城镇化和土地流转制度的改进等方面.     

The Labour Market in the New Information Economy

The extension of information and communication technologies(ICT) to economic activity is changing the labour market inimportant ways, This article shows that computerization anduse of the Internet are associated with greater hours workedas well as higher wages; that ICT occupations are rapidly increasingtheir share of employment; that job search and recruitment aremoving rapidly to the Web, with consequences for matching employersand employees; and, possibly most important of all, that tradeunions have begun to use the Internet as a tool for servicingmembers and carrying their messages to the public, raising thepossibility of a major change in the nature of the union movement.     

谈欧盟东扩对区域内劳动力流动的影响——文献评述与小结

本文试从对已有文献评述的角度,分析欧盟东扩可能造成欧洲内部劳动力市场的变化前景。通过文献综述并对一些比较有代表性的观点进行归纳和小结,让国内学者了解当前国际上对中东欧国家加入欧盟前后,有关劳动力领域研究的最新进展,并以此分析欧盟东扩后中东欧国家与欧盟原有成员国之间劳动力流动的现状与发展前景     

信息产业的国际化发展模式与技术扩散

信息产业作为新技术革命的产业化成果在产业内部分工发展上不断推进,与此相对应的是中国在继台湾等新兴工业化经济体之后被纳入该产业跨国公司的价值链全球网络中,中国当地企业通过多种方式与跨国公司发生关联,带来积极的技术扩散效应。     

Childhood Bullying and Labor Market Outcomes in The United States

This paper contributes to a nascent economic literature on bullying. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data, I explored the relationship between childhood bullying and later earnings. Since males and females are usually subject to different kinds of bullying and coping strategies vary with age, I distinguished between pre-teen and teenage bullying by gender. After delineating the pathways by which being bullied could potentially lead to lower earnings, the analysis first considered the probability of being bullied either as a teenager or before the age of 12. Next, after a simple ordinary least squares analysis of a human capital earnings function, a detailed propensity score analysis with multiple matching schemes was undertaken separately for males and females, further subdivided by when bullying had occurred. Results indicated males bullied as teenagers had earnings 23% lower than their non-bullied counterparts. Females did not suffer this penalty, nor did children who were bullied only below the age of 12. However, being bullied in childhood increased significantly the probability of being bullied later. In terms of human capital formation and possible impact on later productivity, teen bullying may be affecting men the most. Current findings may also be useful in encouraging a targeted focus on those who may be in greater danger of being bullied. Children who have changed schools several times, males with a learning disability, or a vision, speech or hearing problem, and females with some kind of deformity would be targeted significantly more.