外商直接投资对我国进出口贸易影响的协整分析

本文运用协整方法和误差修正模型,考察了改革开放以来我国外商直接投资与进出口贸易之间的长期均衡关系以及相应的短期偏离调整机制。20多年的数据证实,从长期来看,外商直接投资对我国进口和出口贸易都存在显著的促进作用;从短期来看,外商直接投资与进出口的关系由短期偏离向长期均衡调整的速度很快。外商直接投资的短期波动对进口的短期变化影响明显,而对出口短期变化影响不显著。     

出口机会与进口竞争对工业机器人企业的叠加影响：基于出口持续时间的视角

工业机器人企业是中国推动制造业数字化革命、抢占国际分工制高点战略的主力军,然而其出口持续时间平均不足1年,需引起高度关注。本文基于2000-2015年中国海关数据库和工业企业数据库的匹配数据,运用Cox风险模型分析了出口机会增大和进口竞争加剧对工业机器人企业出口持续时间的影响和作用机制。结果表明,出口机会增大更有利于延长企业出口持续时间,进口竞争加剧则提高了企业的退出率,这一结论在产品多样化程度低、产品核心度低、行业竞争小和市场集中度低的企业中尤为明显;出口机会与进口竞争,主要是通过企业生产率和技术创新的中介作用影响企业的出口持续时间;面对双重叠加影响,工业机器人企业应充分利用产品间的技术关联效应提高出口持续性。     

市场分割与出口竞争力:基于中国数据的经验研究

鉴于中国转型时期特有的制度因素,本文采用2004年中国地区行业层面的数据检验了市场分割制度安排对出口竞争力的影响。结果发现,劳动力市场和资本市场分割会通过一些行业特征抑制出口竞争力的提升,其机制是要素的非自由流动导致企业不能获得足够的和最优的生产要素进而影响其规模化生产和生产效率甚至技术提升,导致竞争力和出口竞争力下降。而产品市场分割一方面也会通过此渠道抑制出口竞争力,但另一方面,严重的市场分割也可能迫使企业放弃国内市场而不得已以出口来获得规模经济和利润,两者相反的作用导致产品市场分割对出口竞争力的影响不明显。     

中国对亚洲制成品出口竞争影响

中国加入WTO，进一步贸易和投资自由化将对发展中国家和地区的制成品出口产生极大的影响，尤其是亚洲新小虎。亚洲四小虎也会面临越来强的竞争压力。低技术水平出口的南亚和非洲国家交面临严重挑战。中国的直接的威胁体现在劳动密集型产品上，但是很快影响到整个技术产品范围。中国影响的范围和速度取决于中国进一步提高竞争力的能力，加入WTO将加速这一进程。     

中国进出口贸易对人民币汇率的影响分析

在人民币经历2005年的汇率改革与2016年人民币加入特别提款权,中国进出口贸易经历2009年经济危机与2015年全球经济不景气到近两年中国进出口贸易恢复持续增长的背景下,研究中国进出口贸易对人民币汇率是否有影响以及对其影响程度。选取了2010年1月到2018年12月的月度时间序列作为数据样本,建立VAR模型对选取的月度数据分析中国进出口贸易额对人民币汇率的影响。实证结果分析表明,对人民币汇率变动影响较为明显的是中国出口贸易,而中国进口贸易对人民币汇率变动的影响并不明显。     

日元升值对日本进出口贸易的影响分析

一国的汇率变化将对该国的进出口贸易产生重大影响。从20世纪70年代初开始,日元经历了3次大幅升值。通过分析日本对外贸易和汇率变动的历史统计数据,发现第三次日元升值对日本进出口贸易产生的影响更为明显。这同日本企业所采取的产业升级、技术革新等对策有很大关系。其对我国政府和企业如何应对人民币升值带来的影响具有很强的启示和借鉴意义。     

中国与东盟主要竞争产品在日本市场上的竞争力分析

文章首先根据历史数据找出中国与东盟在日本市场上的主要竞争产品，再应用转移——份额法分析与东盟同类产品在日本市场上的竞争力状况。结果显示：中国与东盟在日本市场上竞争的主要产品有三类，它们的2位数HS编码分别为84、85和27。与东盟同类产品相比，目前我国前两类产品已具有总体出口竞争力优势，但仍处于产业结构竞争劣势；后一类产品则一直处于总体出口竞争力劣势和产业结构竞争劣势。因此，应该深化产业结构调整，增加这些产品的出口附加值。     

人民币实际汇率水平与波动对进出口贸易的影响——基于1980～2004年的实证研究

本文首先用AR—GARCH模型测算了人民币实际汇率的波动率,之后采用Engle-Granger两步法,研究了其波动对我国进出口贸易的影响。我们发现,从长期看,随着汇率波动率的增加,我国的出口量会减少,而进口量则会增加,而短期中汇率波动率的增加对贸易影响不大。因此在人民币汇率改革后,只有有效控制汇率风险,才能保持贸易收支的相对稳定。     

扩大哈尔滨市服务贸易进出口研究

哈尔滨市服务贸易应重点放在旅游、会展、专有权利使用和特许、商务服务、软件外包服务、境外分销服务、对外劳务输出等几个方面.为此应完善服务贸易管理体制;加快培育服务贸易企业;搞好服务人才的培训.     

湖南农产品进出口贸易影响因素分析

在文献综述的基础上，提出了影响湖南农产品进出口的因素，并运用多元线性回归方程对四个主要影响因素进行了定量分析。利用Eviews软件剔除一个因素以后，得出生产总值、居民消费价格指数、进出口总额和农产品关税税率的线性关系，从而更准确的了解这些因素对进出口贸易的影响力度，有利于对其进行有效的控制与管理，提高湖南农产品的进出口水平。     

The Dutch Grey Market

When-issued trading concerns transactions in securities that have not yet been issued. This paper investigates the Dutch “grey market” for when-issued shares prior to stock splits, using a unique hand-collected data set. Market makers are more likely to set up a when-issued market when the underlying firm is larger, the relative trading volume of the stock is higher, and the stock return is less volatile. The when-issued securities trade at a small premium over the regular shares during the weeks prior to the stock split, but this when-issued premium disappears in the last days of trading.     

汇率波动对我国进出口影响的门限效应

前人在研究汇率波动对我国进出口的影响时均采用线性模型。然而,在不同汇率区间及不同汇率波动幅度下,汇率波动对进出口的影响可能是非线性的。本文利用Hansen(1999)的门限面板模型,对我国17个主要贸易伙伴1985～2008年年度数据进行了实证研究。结论为:(1)在不同的汇率区间,马歇尔-勒纳条件均不成立,不存在门限效应。(2)在不同的汇率波动幅度下,马歇尔-勒纳条件成立情况不同,存在门限效应。当人民币升值率大于11.78%时,马歇尔-勒纳条件成立,其他情况不成立。     

The Chinese State Enterprise Sector: Labour Market Reform and the Impact on Male–Female Wage Structure

The paper examines the wage structure in the Chinese state enterprise sector between 1981 and 1987. This period is of particular interest given the introduction of major labour market reforms in China during the early 1980s. In essence the reforms represented a movement away from administratively determined prices towards a market–oriented system combined with a relatively flexible system of labour allocation. The Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1991) decomposition is employed to shed light on the role of changing labour market institutions over the period.
JEL classification : J 31; J 16     

Trade Policy,Competition and Productivity: The Impact of EU Harmonization in the Dutch Food Processing Industry

Evidence broadly confirms that European Union (EU) harmonization of food regulations can be considered as a trade-promoting and market-integrating instrument in the Single Market. However, little is known on how this particular trade liberalization measure may impact total factor productivity (TFP). One of the general presumptions is that trade liberalization has a positive impact on productivity through the effect of competitive pressures to which domestic firms are exposed. For instance, as a result of lowering or removing regulatory barriers to trade, a decline in entry costs of foreign and domestic competitors leads to more competitive pressures which have a downward effect on prices and markups and higher TFP through a better reallocation of inputs. The overall evidence shown in this paper leads to the conclusion that the impact of EU harmonization on various TFP measures occurs through a markup mechanism: more EU harmonization results in more competition (lower markups) and greater TFP growth. We also investigate the impact of assumptions relating to market structure and the production function. We empirical test and refute the assumptions of perfect competition and constant returns to scale in our sample. The analysis is carried out at the level of Dutch food processing firms for the 1979–2005 period. We extend and built upon a new database on EU harmonization of regulations in the food industry. The product classification of this database follows the detailed Combined Nomenclature classification that codes the relevant harmonization initiatives of technical regulations at the product level.     

The Competitive Impact of International Trade: The Case of Import Liberalization of the Japanese Oil Product Market

This paper analyzes the competitive impact of the recent import liberalization of the Japanese oil product market. In response to the import liberalization in March 1996, not only did the market price of gasoline decline sharply but also its domestic production kept rising and did not decline relative to imports. Moreover, its price fell substantially before the actual liberalization of the import. This paper demonstrates both theoretically and empirically that the theory of implicit cartel can explain such features of the impact of import liberalization very well. The paper also identifies the significantly positive welfare impact of such liberalization due to the expansion of supply in a market with a large tax wedge between price and cost and, possibly more importantly, due to the transformation of competitive conduct from unproductive investment for cartel-rent shifting into price cuts. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 1999, 13(4), pp. 397–423. Hitotsubashi University; and Keio University. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: L40, F12, K21.     

The Recent Performance of the UK Labour Market

We consider both the overall macroeconomic performance of theUK labour market since 1997, as well as some of the underlyingmicro problems, particularly those facing unskilled workers,On the macro front, we have seen unemployment decline to itslowest level for a generation without excessive inflationarypressure. The main factors behind this decline in equilibriumunemployment stem from actions taken by the previous government.Changes introduced in the labour market since 1997 are likelyto have only small effects on equilibrium unemployment. Underlyingthis favourable aggregate labour-market performance are seriousproblems facing unskilled men who have seen dramatic increasesin their unemployment and inactivity rates, concentrated particularlyin Wales and the northern regions of Britain. The policy responsesince 1997 has focused on encouraging the unskilled into work(the New Deal) while simultaneously raising the rewards forworking (the minimum wage, tax credits). These policies havehad a positive impact on youth employment and have significantlyreduced child poverty. So far, however, existing policies donot seem likely to have a serious impact on the high levelsof worklessness among unskilled men.