西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

增强高校引进人才长效潜能的薪酬设计初探

高层次人才队伍建设中,必不可少的一环是引进人才。但是如何加强引进人才的管理,使其发挥长期效能,是管理中的一个难题。国内外学者的研究表明,薪酬是对知识型员工进行有效激励的重要因素之一。高校现行的薪酬制度还存在“平均化”,注重短期激励而缺乏长效激励等不足之处。因而,高校应创建以职位薪酬为基础,兼顾能力薪酬,突出业绩的激励型薪酬模式,以增强薪酬对引进人才的长效激励作用。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Influence in Decline: Lobbying in Contracting Industries

Recent empirical work suggests that declining industries lobby more successfully for policy concessions than do growing industries. This paper presents a novel and simple explanation for this phenomenon. It is shown that an industry in decline is constrained in its ability to raise revenue through production and therefore has a greater incentive to protect profits by lobbying for more favourable treatment. However, greater lobbying only translates into policy concessions if government policy is sufficiently responsive to lobby group contributions. The paper further explores the circumstances under which such government behaviour is likely to eventuate. We show that a self-interested government will always be more receptive to the demands of lobbyists in declining industries.     

汉语广告语篇中语码转换顺应模式的实现

汉语广告语篇中语码转换的顺应模式是指广告语篇中的语码转换作为语言结构的一个侧面和一种语用策略，其目的是为了实现对广告语言现实、社会规约和受众心理等方面的顺应，这种顺应是由广告语篇中语码转换多层次、多种类的功能相互交叉、相互融合而得以实现的。因此，语码转换的顺应模式对广告语篇的研究有着积极的借鉴作用，为广告语言创作注入了新鲜的色彩。     

对我国财政预算管理法治化建设的思考

预算管理作为财政工作的核心,目标是保证政府行为不偏离纳税人的公共利益。改革开放以来,我国预算管理法治化建设取得显著成就,但与发达国家相比还有很大差距。促进我国预算管理法治化进程,需要进一步完善预算法律体系,提高预算编制质量,适时引入中长期预算框架,强化预算执行中的约束机制,加强预算监督。     

How to measure competition in an economy in transition

This paper attempts to find a robust method of measuring competition when firms' operational activities are subject to frictions. The first part theoretically tests the indicative quality of two competition measures, the price‐cost margin (PCM) and the profit elasticity, in a model of monopolistic competition. The second part studies the empirical performance of the indices for a panel of Ukrainian manufacturing firms. This study offers a new approach to measuring profit elasticity that relies on structural estimation of a production function. The estimation methodology retrieves a productivity index that is adjusted to imperfect competition. The proposed method of measuring profit elasticity is found to be robust to frictions, but the PCM and traditional profit elasticity are biased, especially when the intensity of competition is low. Empirical findings show that competition exhibits a significantly positive correlation with aggregate productivity performance, while its impact on firm productivity is nonlinear.     

试论中国政府在城镇化进程中的作用

本文从城市的出现和发展、西方学者和中国学者对城镇化和工业化关系的论述阐明了城镇化是一个自然的历史过程 ,中国的城镇化也不例外。政府在推进城镇化过程中的作用主要是加强城市基础设施建设、消除阻碍城镇化进程的体制障碍。特别强调要运用市场力量来推动城镇化进程。     

市场转型时期农村迁移女性的职业地位获得——对五城市流动人口移民社区的研究

在大规模流动到城市的农村人口中,女性占到了一定比例,并且因为其性别特征而成为一个备受关注的迁移群体。利用调查数据并结合个案的分析,发现女性在迁移过程中,其进入的职业地位比男性稍高,在就业机会上与男性趋同,甚至表现出了比男性还要强的竞争优势,从而可能使女性在家庭的迁移决策中处于一种主导地位。在收入上性别之间仍然存在一定差距,但相对来说女性已经处于一种比较良好的状态了。迁移对农村女性来说是职业地位获得的一个契机。     

近年来中国农村居住形式的发展变化

近年来,我国农村住宅楼房化趋势日益明显、房屋质量不断提高、村庄布局趋向集中、人均住房面积持续增长,农村居住形式发生了明显变化,居住条件总体上得到了有效改善。居住需求层次的转换是农村居住形式变化的内在机理。虽然农村居住条件的改善和居住模式的改变是居住需求层次转换的客观规律,但考虑到我国土地资源的稀缺性现状,应尽量避免＂尊重需求＂产生的炫富型和摆阔型农村住宅建设,引导农村住房形式趋向理性。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

高校校风中应高扬“健康消费”之旗——以广州高校为中心

当代大学生消费出现新特征：电子结算成为新宠;消费多元化;理性消费占主流;时尚和名牌是永恒的话题与追求。同时出现消费偏颇：储蓄观念淡薄;＂财商＂水平低下;消费结构欠妥,女生更为突出;消费差距拉大,出现两极分化;过分追求名牌与时尚,存在攀比心理等。健康消费习惯一旦养成,有利于形成文明校风,更利于大学生今后的事业与人生。     

Beta-convergence and sigma-convergence in corporate governance in Europe

This paper tests for beta-convergence and sigma-convergence in the corporate governance models, using a sample of corporate governance ratings for 198 European corporations listed on the FTSE Eurofirst 300 index. A piecewise linear regression is deployed to select a model and the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator is also applied to estimate an exponential model. It concludes that there is statistical evidence of beta- and sigma-convergence within countries and the results suggest that institutional differences between countries are statistically relevant.     

Bidding in hierarchies

This paper reconsiders the comparison between hierarchical contests and single-stage contests. A condition is given that characterizes whether and when the aggregate equilibrium payoff of contestants is higher in the single-stage contest, and when the single-stage contest is more likely to award the prize to the contestant who values it most highly. The outcome depends on inter- and intra-group heterogeneity, and is not driven by free-rider incentives.     

The devil in the details: Non-convexities in ecosystem service provision

Standard economic theory is built on key assumptions regarding concavity and convexity, particular with respect to the production possibility frontier. Non-convexity is readily demonstrated using a two species conventional model. Now that ecosystem services are growing in prominence it is important to confirm that typical natural resource production relations obey these conditions. If not, innocently prescribing price or allocation policies can lead to a minimum rather than a maximum or to wrong equilibrium solutions in general. This is a particular danger in decentralized pricing systems.     

Growth in regions

We use a newly assembled sample of 1,528 regions from 83 countries to compare the speed of per capita income convergence within and across countries. Regional growth is shaped by similar factors as national growth, such as geography and human capital. Regional convergence rate is about 2 % per year, comparable to that between countries. Regional convergence is faster in richer countries, and countries with better capital markets. A calibration of a neoclassical growth model suggests that significant barriers to factor mobility within countries are needed to account for the evidence.     

Anonymity in giving in a natural context—a field experiment in 30 churches

The role of anonymity in giving is examined in a field experiment performed in 30 Dutch churches. For a period of 29 weeks, the means by which offerings are gathered is determined by chance, prescribing for each offering the use of either ‘closed’ collection bags or open collection baskets. When using baskets, attendees can see the contribution made by their direct neighbors as well as the total amount already gathered.Contributions to offerings with an external cause initially increase by 10% when baskets are used, but this effect peters out over time. No effect is found for offerings with an internal cause. This result can be explained by the presence of social incentives, but is also in line with recent studies showing that asymmetric information about the quality of the charity leads to increased contributions.     

Does asymmetry in price transmission exist in the rice market in Sri Lanka?

This study analyses asymmetry in price transmission between wholesale and retail rice markets in Sri Lanka, using the threshold autoregressive model. We found that the wholesale and the retail rice markets in Sri Lanka are integrated, with price changes moving from the wholesale to the retail market. However, the price transmission process is asymmetric. In particular, price increases at the wholesale market transmit immediately to the retail market while price decreases transmit more slowly. Parameter stability test and follow-up analysis indicated that the price transmission process is asymmetric only during periods of price surges, suggesting that the rice market is not efficient during these periods.