通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性分析

本文从央行操作技能、制度保障体系、市场传导机制和宏观经济环境等四个方面对通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性进行了分析.结论表明我国已基本具备实施通货膨胀目标制的前提条件,中央银行应尽快实现由当前货币政策操作框架向通货膨胀目标制的转变.     

我国实行通货膨胀目标制的适用性分析

20世纪90年代以来,通货膨胀目标制货币政策成为一种趋势.文章从通货膨胀目标制的基本框架入手,阐述了通货膨胀目标制在各国的实践特点,针对我国政策中介目标的选择,对我国目前是否应该实行通货膨胀目标制进行适用性分析,提出了虽然短期之内我国暂不适合采用通货膨胀目标制,但从长期来看仍不失为一种合理选择这些看法.     

通货膨胀目标制在我国的前景

通货膨胀目标制已经在四十多个国家实行,且都取得了不错了效果,我国目前也处在通货膨胀时期,本文就以此次通货膨胀为背景,探讨一下通货膨胀目标制在我国是否行得通以及要怎样行得通。     

通货膨胀目标制及在我国的可行性研究

20世纪90年代以来,许多国家采用了通货膨胀目标制规则的货币政策并在稳定经济方面取得了显著的效应,本文以IMF的研究框架,对通货膨胀目标制是否适合我国的国情进行了分析,结论是该制度是我国今后货币政策的改革方向,但目前条件还不是太成熟。     

中国实施通货膨胀目标制的可行性研究

本文以国内外学者关于通货膨胀目标制的研究文献为基础,重点从通货膨胀目标制的发展、政策实施条件、中国实施通货膨胀目标制的构想等几个方面开展论述,进而对中国实施通货膨胀目标制提出创新性的建议。     

我国实行通货膨胀目标制的可行性分析

通货膨胀目标制是基于对通货膨胀做出相对精确的预测并以稳定价格为首要目标的货币政策框架。目前国际上实现通货膨胀目标制的国家都取得了巨大的成功。考察我国的中央银行、经济和金融体系等实施通货膨胀目标制的前提条件,可以发现我国目前已经具备了一些条件,应该加速金融创新,渐进地向通货膨胀目标制政策框架转变。     

通货膨胀目标制及其在我国实施的条件分析

通货膨胀目标制是当今世界最流行的货币政策框架。现阶段,我国实施通货膨胀目标制的条件尚未成熟,为此,应从完善货币政策框架入手,积极创造实行通货膨胀目标制的必要条件。     

论通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性

随着我国物价指数（CPI）的不断上涨,未来价格走势总体看,上行风险大于下行风险,整体通胀潜在风险需要关注。在这个特殊时期。再次提出在货币政策上借鉴20世纪七八十年代西方国家提出的通胀目标制,对经济学家们提出的观点进行解析,指出其本质,并在此基础上分析在我国实行通胀目标制的相关基础,得出该政策在我国的可行性,但实施这一政策还需做出相应的配套革新。     

通货膨胀目标制度在我国实施的可行性分析

20世纪90年代以来,由于通货膨胀目标制(Inflation Targeting,以下又简称通胀目标制)被越来越多的国家采用,使得通胀目标制成为近年西方货币经济学领域最热门的研究课题之一。从传统的以控制货币供应量为主的货币目标法(Monetary'Targeting)和以稳定汇率为主的汇率目标法(Exchange rate Targeting)到明确公布通货膨胀目标的通胀目标制是一个货币政策方面的重大转变。本文主要分析了我国实施通胀目标制的可行性,并提供相关的政策建议。     

货币政策:“多目标”还是“单目标”——兼论通货膨胀目标制

货币政策有多目标与单目标之分,因目标之间的冲突,多目标的货币政策实际上是无效的,而单目标的货币政策可以做到目标明确。已有的例证—通货膨胀目标制被证明是相当成功的,我国应该创造条件,适时采用通货膨胀目标制,为经济发展创造良好的长期运行条件。     

Inflation Targeting versus Nominal Income Targeting

In this paper we analyze two different target regimes, flexible inflation targeting and nominal income targeting, under discretion in a simple dynamic macro model. The key results of our paper are: First, for both targeting regimes optimal monetary policy response leads to a shock-dependent feedback rule. Second, a demand shock is completely offset by both monetary strategies. Third, in case of a supply shock there is a significant difference between the two different targeting regimes. Under inflation targeting the policy makers face a trade-off between inflation and output stabilization. This trade-off depends on the weight Φ the policy makers attach to output stabilization relative to inflation stabilization in the loss function. In contrast, under nominal income targeting policy makers face a constant trade-off between inflation and real output growth: an increase in inflation leads to a fall in real output growth by an equal amount. Furthermore, in Appendix A we analyze a (linear) commitment solution for inflation targeting and compare it with the discretionary case. Under commitment, inflation is smaller and the output gap is larger than under discretion. In Appendix B, we investigate inflation targeting in a two-period time-lag version of the model. The qualitative results on the trade-off between inflation and output growth remain the same as in the basic model without time lag. Received May 3, 2000; revised version received December 3, 2001 Published online: February 17, 2003     

Indian Monetary Policy in the Time of Inflation Targeting and Demonetization

This paper provides a narrative of Indian monetary policy since the North Atlantic Financial Crisis (NAFC) in the mid‐2008 till the current period. The period 2009–2013 was dominated by the joint monetary and fiscal stimuli of the Indian authorities prompted by the NAFC. These, along with some structural shocks and a hands‐off attitude in forex market intervention, could have had their role in rising inflation and external account instability (leading up to the taper tantrum episode). In such a backdrop, after considerable discussion during 2013–2014, a Monetary Policy Framework Agreement was signed between the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India on February 20, 2015 that formally adopted flexible inflation targeting (IT) in India. While the IT regime so far has coincided with significant reduction in inflation in India, the atmosphere has been benign. Now that fuel prices have started moving in the north‐east direction, the government has proposed a revised framework for the minimum support price in the Union Budget for 2018–2019 and fiscal slippages have started happening, it remains to be seen whether IT can wither more rough weather in the days to come. Finally, in recent years, Indian monetary policy has been dominated by two significant events: the emergence of significant deterioration of Indian public sector balance sheets, and the demonetization episode in November 2016. Monetary policy in both of these periods wrestled with fashioning an appropriate strategy for managing the impossible trinity.     

通货膨胀目标制实践经验的国际考察

作为一种新型的货币政策制度框架,标准型通货膨胀目标制在全球的中央银行中已经获得了一定的认同.然而迄今为止,我们还缺乏一个对目前大量的通货膨胀目标制实践经验进行简洁而全面的概括,借以对货币政策的实践和通货膨胀目标钉住者的前景展望提供相应指南.而这种指南之所以必要,是因为队伍不断庞大的发展中国家和新兴市场经济体正在考虑是否采纳通货膨胀目标制.借鉴标准型通货膨胀目标制国家在控制通货膨胀过程中所积累的经验,探讨通货膨胀目标制国家面临的主要问题、发展趋势、政策实践,其目的是为了从国家的角度来思考是否应该采纳通货膨胀目标制;而对于已经实施通货膨胀目标制的国家,则要考虑如何健全这一制度框架.     

A Note on Inflation Targeting

The authors present a pedagogical graphical exposition to illustrate the stabilizing effect of price target zones. Based on a textbook AD-AS apparatus, they find that authorities' commitment to defend a price target zone will affect the public's inflation expectations and, in turn, reduce actual inflation. They also find that, when the economy experiences supply shocks, the announcement that the monetary authorities intend to defend a price target zone will reduce the variability of domestic prices but raise the variability of domestic output relative to a free-price regime. However, when the economy experiences demand shocks, a price target zone tends to lower the variability of both domestic prices and out-put relative to a free-price regime.     

通货膨胀对我国信贷渠道有效性的影响

学术界一般认为,由金融市场信息不对称所产生的逆向选择、道德风险和监控成本是信贷渠道存在的主要前提条件。在我国当前经济背景下,研究通货膨胀是否影响了我国货币政策信贷渠道的传导效率。结果表明,通货膨胀导致了我国货币政策信贷渠道效率的下降。     

A Union-bashing Model of Inflation Targeting

This paper shows that in an open two‐sector economy, centralization of wage setting may be important in determining the employment (and welfare) effects of different monetary targets. By disciplining unions in the sectors open to international trade, exchange rate targeting yields higher employment than inflation targeting when wage‐setting is more centralized in the open sector than in the shielded sector. When wage‐setting centralization is higher in the shielded sector, we show that general price‐level inflation targeting, while better than exchange rate targeting, is inferior to an inflation target that focuses more heavily on shielded sector prices.     

通货膨胀目标制的模式及作用机制浅探

通货膨胀目标制是20世纪90年代兴起的一种新的货币政策框架,目前已经在不同地区、不同类型的国家中得到了广泛的应用,并取得良好的效果。通货膨胀这一经济现象是无法完全消灭的,而其失控会不可避免的对经济各方面造成不良的影响。通胀目标制不同于其他货币制度之处就在于它是在通货膨胀失控之前就采取有效措施来预防,而不是每次都等到损害已经造成后再补救。因此,对通货膨胀目标制的定义、模式、作用机制及政策效果进行分析就很有必要,它为中国的货币政策改革提供了一种选择。     

Selecting Your Inflation Targeters: Background and Performance of Monetary Policy Committee Members

Abstract. This paper starts by describing the composition of monetary policy committees (MPCs) in inflation‐targeting and non‐targeting countries. The experience of MPC members on their inflation performance is then compared, opposing inflation targeters with non‐targeters. Our sample covers the major Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, in the period 1999–2008. Our results first show that MPCs are different in inflation‐targeting (versus non‐targeting) countries. They also reveal that policy‐makers' backgrounds influence inflation, and that the influence of MPCs' experience is much greater in inflation‐targeting countries, while size effects are more important for committees that do not target inflation.     

Teaching Inflation Targeting: An Analysis for Intermediate Macro

Over the last decade, many central banks have adopted policies known as inflation targeting. If intermediate-level macroeconomics students are to be prepared to think about current policy issues, it is important to provide them with an introduction to the macroeconomic implications of inflation targeting. Unfortunately, the standard aggregate demand-aggregate supply frameworks commonly used to teach intermediate macroeconomics are not well suited for this task because they are expressed in terms of output and the price level and because they fail to make explicit the policy objectives of the central bank. The author provides a simple graphical device involving the output gap and the inflation rate that overcomes these problems and that can be used to teach intermediate macroeconomics students about inflation targeting.     

Inflation surprises and inflation expectations in the Euro area

In the second half of 2012, euro area inflation started declining and reached historical lows at the end of 2014. Market-based measures of inflation expectations also declined to unprecedented levels. During this disinflationary period, inflation releases have often surprised analysts on the downside. We provide evidence that inflation ‘surprises’ have significant effects on inflation expectations. The sensitivity of inflation expectations to the surprises, which has varied over time, disappeared after the introduction of the Asset Purchase Programme by the European Central Bank.