The influence of a subteam＇s cohesion on its mother team

The study mainly discusses the effect of the formation of a subteam on the entire team as well as the relation of conflict among subteams and cohesion in a subteam. This study discovered that three subconcepts, which are team amity, team interaction and team integration contained in team cohesion would affect each other. When any one of them increased positively, it would enhance other two items, such as the subteam cohesion in team would become stronger. The team cohesion has different effects on the task conflict and interpersonal conflict among teams, so the team can establish a team operation mode acceptable to each other at the time when it is formed, and use comparatively formal plain text regulation to restrict members in team. On the other hand, team amity rather emphasizes on individual feeling. This study tends to use informal get-together mode to improve acquaintanceship of members or understanding attributes can also try to find common intersection. among the subteams, and the subteams with different     

Antecedents of Customer E-loyalty With the Effect of Trustworthiness in Malaysia Context

The rapid growth of online shopping has led to inspire customer e-loyalty among Malaysians, especially living in this digital environment. Commitment-trust theory is applied as the theoretical base to explain the factors influencing customer e-loyalty. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the direct impact of customer interface quality, service quality （SERVQUAL）, website quality, technology acceptance factors, and technology trust on customer e-loyalty. This study also aims to examine the indirect effect of independence variables on customer e-loyalty through the effects of trustworthiness. SmartPLS 2.0 （M3） is applied as analytical tool to study the impact. A survey is conducted with 395 respondents who had online purchase experience. The findings indicated that customer interface quality, SERVQUAL, website quality, technology acceptance factors, and technology trust have positive impact on customer e-loyalty. Additionally, trustworthiness is used as mediator exclusive of SERVQUAL. Several implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and recommendations for future research are highlighted.     

The impact of innovation on export behavior： An empirical analysis of Lao garment firms

Research on the role of innovation as important factor for creating and maintaining competitiveness of nations and firms has long been popularized among scholars and policy makers. The impact of innovation on exporting has been investigated in many countries. However, this issue has paucity of research in the Lao PDR. This study empirically investigates whether or not innovation performed by Lao garment firms determines their exporting behaviors. Utilizing the Probit and Tobit regression to analyze the data from the recent survey of industrial cluster development of Lao garment industry in 2007, the empirical results show that innovation as measured directly by “new product” and “new production process” have positive impact not only on export probability but also export intensity in the case of Lao garment firms. This implies that Lao garment finns who become the innovators have high probability to be exporters. Moreover, among exporters who are innovators outperform non-innovators in terms of export intensity. In addition, this study also finds that Lao garment exporters enjoy more competitive advantage due to lower labor cost. The findings from this study have important policy implications regarding how the government can support Lao garment firms to be innovators in order to sustain export performance.     

Strategic Drift and Strategic Crisis Management of Organization

The research reports how the choice of the organization behavior--strategic drift can lead to strategic crisis as a form of manifestation of a deepening organizational crisis. The research questions whose solution is sought are connected with the relation of strategic drift--strategic crisis--strategic crisis management, in terms of whether the errors in the process of strategic management lead to organizational crises. The results of the historical analysis of the theoretical research and practice in this field show the interdependence among these processes and the reasons for strategic crisis in support of the concept of strategic crisis management and its implementation in business. The study outlines the evolution of the theory of strategic drift, as well as opinions of various scientists on the types of crises, which are perceived as a uniform classification and universal interpretation of the term ＂strategic crisis＂. The organization＇s ＂strategic drift＂ leads to serious organizational crisis which first form that strategic crisis. Practice shows that the management of market leaders often leads to complacency, choosing strategy stability. Soon, as a result of aggressive strategies or implemented innovations of their competitors, they lose their competitive position.     

A Universal Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants： Religious Restrictions

The International Federation of Accountants （IFAC） has emerged as a worldwide organization to help bring about international convergence with regard to professional standards, including standards governing ethics. The IFAC has issued a Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants for use by accountants members of the IFAC around the world. This study extends prior research about the variables that could block the possibility of adopting the universal single code of ethics proposed by the IFAC. In particular, this study analyses the influence of the dominant religious affiliation of the country to which the accounting organization belongs on the decision to adopt the IFAC Code. Data about 165 accounting bodies, members of IFAC, from 125 countries has been obtained from the IFAC Member Body Compliance Program. The results of our study show that to date, not all the accounting organizations members of the IFAC have adopted the Code. Further, results reveal that religion is a significant factor in the decision to adopt IFAC Code of Ethics. In particular, the study demonstrates that the national accounting organizations belonging to countries where the predominant religion is Christianity are more prone to adopt the IFAC Code of Ethics as their own. This paper contributes to the knowledge of the current state of ethical harmonization for the accounting profession. Moreover, an understanding of the religious restrictions provides guidelines to the international accounting organizations for an effective implementation of the ethical standards worldwide.     

Analysis on enterprise strategy thought based on the valuation innovation

With the market competition becoming more severe than ever and more changes in customer demands, the traditional competitive strategy thought isn＇t fit for the needs of enterprise subsistence and development. This paper introduces the changed tradition based on the value innovation strategy analysis method as the basic point strategy thinking mode and uses the example to introduce specifically how to use this method to carry on the analysis for enterprise＇s strategy.     

The impact of corporate governance to the economic value added listed company in BEI 2003-2004

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Corporate Governance （CG） to the performance of the firm measured by Economic Value Added （EVA）. This research uses 64 samples for the year 2003-2004. The CG index is taken from the research of Siagian, Siregar and Rahadian （2006） and the EVA taken from ＂A hundred value creators companies＂ published by SWA Magazines in 2004-2005.
By grouping samples based on its mean, this research finds that samples in high CG index group have higher EVA than samples in low CG index group. The mean equality test shows the significant relation for this evidence.
Using simple and multiple regression method, CG index has positive and significant effect on EVA. This research uses sales growth, leverage, size, and age of the firm as control variables in multiple regression method. Consistent with research hypothesis, all control variables have positive and significant effect on EVA.
This research also investigate the effect of each component of CG index to EVA. ＂Equitable treatment of shareholders＂ and ＂disclosure and transparency＂ have positive and significant effect on EVA, but ＂right of shareholders＂, ＂role of stakeholders＂, and ＂responsibility of the board＂ do not have significant effect to EVA.
The sensitivity analysis is also done to investigate the effect of CG index to the performance of the firm if ROA and ROE were used as proxy of performance. The result shows that CG index has positive and significant effect to those various performance mesurement. Based on its coefficient, CG index is superior in affecting ROE more than EVA and ROA.     

Relationship among personality traits, leadership behavior, and job stress in nurses in Yunlin, Taiwan

This study probes into the relationships among personality traits, leadership behavior, and job stress in nurses in Yunlin, Taiwan. The major questions addressed are as follows： What model precisely portrays the relationships among personality traits, leadership behavior, and job stress？ Exploration of the causal pathways among these variables revealed a suitable model. A structured, self-administered questionnaire with three scales was distributed to the subjects. The questionnaires were submitted to 350 nurses and 284 questionnaires were completed accounting for a response rate of 81.1 percent. The data were analyzed by statistic analysis including frequencies, means, path analysis using computer program SPSS for windows 14.0 and LISREL 8.7. Results demonstrated a significant, direct, and positive effect of personality traits on leadership behavior, as well as a significant negative indirect effect of personality traits on job stress through leadership behavior was also revealed in the findings. All paths in the model were significant （P〈0.1）. After the analysis of LISREL, the suitability of the framework was fine and proved that the model was applicable for the research. The results of this study will be used as a reference to develop strategies for human resource management.     

The economic uncertainty and private investment nexus in Iran： Application of the EGARCH model and the ARDL approach

This paper examines the impact of economic uncertainty on private investment in lran. In addition, the authors also examine the impact of other economic factors on the level of private investment. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag （ARDL） approach is applied to investigate the relationship of these variables. The data span is from 1975 to 2007. The results indicate that economic uncertainty has a significant negative effect on private investment. Public investment and the availability of financing have a significant positive effect on private investment, while the impact of output gap and the exchange rate is negative. Hence, government should aim at creating a stable macro-economic environment in order to makes private investment attractive.     

Research on organizational learning and knowledge creation

This paper examines the effects of organization learning and knowledge creation to meet the changing needs of Chinese IT industry. A conceptual model is developed and three research hypotheses are empirically examined using structural equation modeling. The data were collected via a survey of three IT firms in Suzhou of China. The results indicate that organization learning has a positive influence on the knowledge creation. Theoretical, managerial and research implications are discussed.     

知识资本、吸收能力与产业创新绩效的影响研究——来自高技术产业分行业数据的实证检验

In the study of the influence of knowledge capital on the performance of industry innovation , based on the perspective of absorptive capacity, this paper use the panel data of high-tech industry in 2003-2014 to make an empirical analysis. This result shows that knowledge capital has a significant effect on the performance of industrial innovation, but the ability to absorb knowledge is not prominent. From the perspective of composition of knowledge capital, R&D capital and R&D human capital play positive roles in promoting innovation performance; About different dimensions of absorptive capacity, both potential absorptive capacity and actual absorptive capacity can promote innovation performance，but the ability to absorb knowledge is lower，higher R&D intensity has a significant competitive advantage for innovation performance, R&D institutions help to enhance absorptive capacity. The research has an exploratory effect on how to improve the efficiency of knowledge capital is to be absorbed and transformed to improve the performance of innovation.     

Workplace isolation and job performance： A study on carpet weaving women

Workplace isolation has been recognized as a critical issue in organizational theory. Studies have found that employees who felt isolated might also show low performance in their organizations. However, there is very little empirical research about the relationship between perceived isolation and job performance, and most of the studies were conducted on salespeople working in the virtual offices. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between workplace isolation and job performance in terms of productivity and emotional outcomes of carpet weaver women. In order to do this, job performance of a sample of 238 employees who were exposed to a radical workplace change was analyzed. The means of the performance variables before and after five years of the workplace change were statistically compared via paired sample t-tests and the results indicated significant differences between pre and post means of the performance variables. A qualitative research was also carried out through a number of in-depth interviews with the carpet weavers to enrich the breadth and depth of the findings. Findings of the qualitative study replicated the results of the quantitative study that monotonous and unsocial working conditions lowered the job performance of the employees.     

Climate Change and Green Growth： A Perspective of the Division of Labor

This paper presents a new research agenda on climate change and green growth from the perspective of the division of labor in classical economics. The paper covers three major dimensions of green growth （i.e. carbon emissions, environmental proteetion and material resources use） and some related important topics, as well as the fresh policy implications of the new research agenda, Typical marginal analysis in a given structure of the division of labor suggests that ＂green＂ action is a burden to economic development. Therefore, climate negotiation has become a burden-sharing game and has reached a stalemate. New thinking is badly needed to rescue these negotiations and to drive a shift to a new ＂green growth＂ paradigm. The proposed new research agenda represents an effort to create a new narrative on climate change and green growth. Because the new research agenda can theoretically predict the possibility that a more competitive structure of the division of labor could be triggered by ＂＇green ＂＇ policy, it has promising policy implications for various important challenges facing us in the 21st century.     

Strategic groups in hotel industry： Empirical evidences

The Serra da Estrela Tourism Region （SETR）, gifted of unique landscape conditions, of singular natural resources, filled with culture and history, has become an attractive leisure and recreation region. Considering its tourism potential, we have seen a development of the tourism activities on that region, making necessary a study of the presence of derivative offering components, mainly on the tourism hotels level. Considering the crucial strategic role that this activity has on the region, and since there are only a few follow-up studies of the activity development, the present research aims to contribute for the knowledge of the relevant tourism hotels units reality in the SETR. In this sense, the authors intend to analyze the different strategies that are being taken in the region, by this sort of companies and, to identify the existence （or not） of company groups that carry on similar strategies--strategic groups. To reach such goals, an empirical study was developed, based upon the information obtained from the statistical analysis of questionnaires applied to the hotels unit＇s managers. The results allowed concluding that the hotels units enforce combined strategies, instead of a single specific strategy. It was also possible to identify the existence of different strategic groups that use similar competitive strategies. From this process, it also resulted that the companies that operate in this sector consider that strategy assumes a determinative role for the success of their activity.     

Marketing and Territorial Factors： An Integrated Study of the Accommodation Choice in the Island of La Palma

The literature has highlighted the relevance of segmenting the tourism market as a start point for developing the right tourism policy recommendations. The present study examines the rural tourism market on the island of La Palma （Canary Islands） and its relationship with territorial factors. Specifically, it attempts to establish the role played in tourists＇ accommodation location choice by territorial and related factors （for instance, the area of the island, proximity to the beach, hours of sunshine, etc.） compared to other factors. A sample of 316 tourists who holidayed in rural tourism accommodation in La Palma during the period from July to September in 2007 was selected for this purpose. The methodology consisted of a preliminary analysis of the associations between the variables and their modalities, followed by a multiple correspondence analysis （MCA）. The results of the study allow to conclude that the weight of territorial variables in the choice of destination and accommodation location can vary substantially depending on the market segment considered.     

An Empirical Study on Momentum and Contrarian Effects in Chinese Futures Market

As Chinese futures market is on track of standardized development, its efficiency and related investors＇ strategy have drawn wide attention from scholars worldwide. This paper aims to provide an empirical study on momentum and contrarian effects in Chinese futures market. It investigates how efficient this market has been after decades of development and what investment strategy can be used to obtain significant positive excess return. The analysis is based on weekly and monthly trading data of the major commodity futures listed in three Chinese futures exchanges since January, 1999. By establishing a zero-cost investment trading strategy as testing method, this empirical study shows that contrarian effect is significant in both weekly frequency （short term） and monthly frequency （long term）, and that as the holding period extends, the contrarian effect disappears. It also concludes that the reverse effects in the short term and long term origin from three factors： defective information transfer system, mean reversion in the contrarian effect, and immaturity of investors＇ mentality.     

International Accounting Firms in China— An Empirical Research on Competition and Cooperation

This article bases on game theory, analyzing the pattern of competition and cooperation of domestic accounting firms and international accounting firms in the view of asymmetric information game. The authors will use empirical research method to analyze equilibrium associating the auditing marketing situations, and give some points on Chinese accounting market development strategy in face of the world＇s challenges.     

Motivation and performance of Chinese corporate social responsibility strategy choice

The motivation of Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） strategy and its effect on corporate performance are identified. The main factors influencing CSR strategy choice in China are the recognition of CSR and the importance of CSR in corporate strategy and the centrality of decision-making, and CSR exerts its main effect on the performance of businesses through influencing their competitiveness.     

Knowledge Evolvement in the Development of Organization Management and the Transforming Trend of Organization Structure

The research of this paper is to discuss the conversion of organization knowledge source in the evolvement of management from the viewpoint of organization management. And the authors creatively use ＂The Model of Knowledge Acquirement——Knowledge Fermenting＂ to explain the theory of knowledge creation and knowledge increase, create a new idea to restructure organization. These opinions will be very helpful to organization learning： Firstly, it＇ll help organization to acquire knowledge matrix; secondly, it＇ll help organization to control the extent of knowledge maturation; thirdly, it＇ll help organization to grow up to ecosystem which can adapt environment by itself; finally, it＇ll help organization to make reasonable decision by using organization knowledge.     

Study on the Method of Regional Purchasing Power Parity in China

China is a country with great territory and the price level has remarkable disparity among various regions, which affects the accuracy of many economic indexes. Using the calculating way of the purchasing power parity of the United Nations International Comparison Project （ICP）, this paper chooses 127 samples of commodities and services as comparison programs for 31 provinces and calculates purchasing power parity of every province in 2002 by taking Shanghai as a norm. The aim of this article is to study the method of regional purchasing power parity of our country.