Trade and Geography: Paul Krugman and the 2008 Nobel Prize for Economics

Abstract

The 2008 Nobel Prize for economics was awarded to Paul Krugman for three papers—Krugman (1979, 1980, 1991). In this paper we illustrate that, indeed, these three papers are closely connected. We present a summary of the papers using a unified framework. Central in the discussion is the so-called home market effect that was already alluded to in Krugman (1979). We evaluate his work and conclude that these three papers changed and improved the way in which economists think about trade and geography.

Commerce et Géographie: Paul Krugman et le Prix Nobel 2008 en Économie

Résumé Dans la présent communication, nous illustrons la façon dont ces trois communications sont en rapport étroit. Nous présentons un récapitulatif sur ces communications, en suivant un cadre unifié. Au c?ur même de ces discussions se trouve ce que l'on appelle l'effet du marché intérieur, déjà évoqué dans Krugman (1979). Nous évaluons cet ouvrage, en concluant que ces communications ont changé et optimisé la façon dont les économistes conçoivent le commerce et la géographie.

Comercio y Geografía: Paul Krugman y el Premio Nobel 2008 en Economía

Résumén En este documento ilustramos que, de hecho, estos tres ensayos están estrechamente relacionados. Presentamos un resumen de los ensayos utilizando un marco unificado. Un factor fundamental del debate es el denominado efecto del mercado nacional, al que ya se había hecho alusión en Krugman (1979). Evaluamos este trabajo y concluimos que estos tres ensayos cambiaron y mejoraron la forma de pensar de los economistas sobre el comercio y la geografía.     

2004年诺贝尔经济学奖得主学术思想述评

本文首先研究了今年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者基德兰德和普雷斯科特在宏观经济领域的主要学术贡献。他们共同创造了真实经济周期模型，重新解释了引起经济波动的原因以及相应的动力传播机制，为宏观经济学的发展指明了一个新的方向，同时对各国宏观经济政策的制定影响深远。最后，本文讨论了学术界对这一理论的批评。     

The Impact of Nobel Prize Winners in Economics: Mainline vs. Mainstream

We assess the impact of two groups of economists: mainline economists, who regard economics primarily as the science of exchange and mainstream economists, who perceive economics primarily as the science of choice. To control for scholarly quality we investigate the citation impact of Nobel Prize winning economists, who we break up into the two groups, mainline and mainstream. We find that over the period from 1970 to 2007 mainline economists had more of an impact than mainstream economists.     

宋鸿兵 迎接拐点时刻

他预言，欧美金融市场的确存在着继续恶化的可能性，金融海啸第二波必将爆发，在这样一个重大的历史时刻，中国应该充分解放思想，确立中国未来的发展模式，在即将到来的“战略拐点”上勃然而兴。     

激活陪审选择权的进路:规制与救济——以申请陪审为视角

陪审制度由指定陪审和申请陪审两部分构成,与指定陪审相比,申请陪审更能发挥陪审制度的功能和作用。司法实践中,指定陪审占到了适用陪审的绝大多数案件,申请陪审却基本处于空白状态,主要原因还是制度上的粗疏与司法实践的怠慢。陪审选择权的逻辑结构应当包含三层内容,即选择诉讼程序的权利、是否申请陪审的权利、选择陪审员的权利。     

中美新市场经济(北京)论坛在京开幕诺贝尔经济学奖新得主普雷斯科特做主题演讲

在经济全球化的今天,中国市场也越来越受到世界的关注,中国市场的一举一动都牵动着世界经济学人的心跳.而2004年新鲜出炉的诺贝尔经济学奖得主爱德华·普雷斯科特6月来北大演讲,又将成为一个新的注脚.     

Morgenstern's Forgotten Contribution: A Stab to the Heart of Modern Economics

In contrast to physics, there is no estimate of statistical error within economics in spite of Oskar Morgenstern's book On the Accuracy of Economic Observation. The problem of error in economic observations is still a widely neglected problem. The various sources of error that come into play in the social sciences suggest that the error in economic observations is substantial. As the error might be substantial, this paper argues that the usefulness of econometrics becomes questionable.     

从经济学到幸福学

传统的经济学认为,增加财富是增加幸福最主要的方法。但是,研究发现,增加财富并不一定能增加幸福。文章分别从适应性理论、可评价性理论和比较、以及时间模式三个方面给出解释。最后,文章将展望经济学新的发展方向。     

Henry George's Challenge to the Economics Profession

A bstract . A session of the American Economic Association and the History of Economics Society commemorating the centennial of the publication of Progress and Poverty , while correctly assessing some of Henry George's writing as hyperbole, raised two important issues; George s legitimacy as an economist and his analysis's significance for economics. Our generation sins on the side of illogic too, but George's status has been questioned not only out of snobbishness but because he was perceived as unsafe; he raised "dangerous" fundamental issues. He questioned the terms of access to and use of land as channeled by real property and other rights and he asked whether the institution of landed property was anachronistically suited to the enjoyment and wealth of some as contrasted to all people.     

Forward to Basics in Economics

For nearly half a century since Keynes's supposed rebuttal of classical economics, economists and politicians have been pre-occupied with 'demand side' efforts to maintain full employment and output by spending more than they can raise in taxes. The evident failure of 'demand side' economics has at last reached the Keynesian economists. Some are beginning to reject 'demand side' economics as inadequate and to argue for the return of 'supply and demand'.     

如何获得风险基金风险机构在创投中的作用——访诺贝尔经济学奖得主、欧元之父罗伯特·蒙代尔

2006年9月7日,在’2006诺奖群英会期间,我刊采访了本刊顾问,1999年诺贝尔经济学奖得主,欧元之父——罗伯特·蒙代尔,并就企业家所关心的“创投”问题,进行专访。记者:您好,蒙代尔教授。非常感谢您所倡导的诺奖群英会,将最先进的科学理念带给中国。感谢您接受我们专访,让我们能有机会向您请教几个问题。一是中国目前的储蓄总额已达15万亿,如何把这巨额的存款转化成投资创业的动力?中介机构在存款人、企业家、创业家及银行之间能起什么样的作用。二是现在是在中国创业的最好时期,人们创业的热情也非常高涨。创业家怎么从创投家那里获得资金,风…     

中日诺贝尔获奖对改进中国式教育的启示价值

日本作为二战中受破坏最大的国家之一,在短短的几十年内,实现了经济腾飞和各方面的飞速进步,特别是教育文化方面,这些都体现在诺贝尔奖项获得上的大放异彩。与日本相对比,中国的现状有着明显的不同和不足,而改善这些不足,完善中国式教育,正是科学文化教育发展的重要步骤。     

从幸福经济学到幸福管理学

本刊这一期刊登了美国芝加哥大学教授奚恺元和上海中欧国际工商学院副院长张国华等三人合写的文章《从经济学到幸福学》,值得大家认真一读。 长期以来,经济学的研究一直致力于促进经济增长,即如何增加社会的财富。同样,管理学的研究也一直致力于如何提高资源的有效利用,以较少的投入来获取更多的财富。这二个学科对于如何增加财富,如何分配财富的研究越来越细,也越来越深。这些研究的前提是经济学与管理学都是认为增     

The invalidity of the Condorcet Jury Theorem under endogenous decisional skills

The current note clarifies that Condorcet Jury Theorem cannot be generalized to the extended setting where individual decisional skills are not assumed to be exogenous parameters even when these skills are homogeneous. This is true when skills are determined endogenously either by a central planner or, in a decentralized strategic setting, by the decision makers themselves.