Service innovation and the proximity-concentration trade-off model of trade and FDI

This paper introduces service innovation in the proximity-concentration trade-off model of trade and foreign direct investments (FDI) [Helpman, E., M. Melitz, and S. R. Yeaple 2004 Helpman, E., M. Melitz, and S. R. Yeaple. 2004. “Export Versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms.” American Economic Review 94 (1): 300–316. doi: 10.1257/000282804322970814[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. “Export Versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms.” American Economic Review 94 (1): 300–316]. The idea is that innovation will have two main effects on service firms’ choice between exports and FDI. First, innovative firms will on average have higher productivity levels than non-innovative enterprises. Secondly, innovators will have to pay a higher relational distance cost for undertaking export activities, and they will, therefore, prefer to avoid (or reduce) these costs by choosing an FDI strategy instead. We test the empirical relevance of this idea on a new survey data set for a representative sample of firms in all business service sectors in Norway. The results show that firms are more likely to choose FDI rather than export the greater their productivity level and the higher the relational distance costs they face.     

我国利用FDI质量的实证研究——基于FDI企业出口外部性的视角

FDI企业出口外部性即时内资企业出口的影响是衡量东道国利用FDI质量的重要内容,运用回归分析和panel data模型研究FDI企业对内资企业出口数量、结构和竞争力的影响,结果表明:我国在FDI企业出口影响内资企业出口数量方面的FDI利用质量高,而在FDI企业出口影响内资企业出口结构和竞争力方面的FDI利用质量低.     

贸易自由化、外商直接投资与出口贸易地区差异

文章检验了贸易自由化、外商直接投资流入与出口贸易地区差异的关系。通过构建3×2×2空间一般均衡模型和使用2002-2008年全国28个省份面板数据,研究发现外商直接投资与地区出口贸易之间关系不确定,外商直接投资流入与贸易自由化共同造成出口贸易地区间差异。此外,中国与东盟贸易自由区更利于内陆地区出口贸易,劳动力禀赋对出口没有显著影响,物质资本和人力资本禀赋对出口具有正向影响,人民币升值会促进而非抑制出口贸易。     

外商直接投资的出口贸易效应分析——以1994-2003年中国省际面板数据为例

外商直接投资对中国东部地区出口贸易发展的促进效应最大,而且影响程度超过其他解释变量,西部地区次之,中部地区影响不显著。外商直接投资贸易促进效应的发挥要受跨国公司的投资动机和东道国内在环境等因素的影响,中西部地区在引资的同时,要注重内部市场培育,以充分发挥外资在东道国市场的外溢效应,带动本地区当地企业的出口。     

Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality: Evidence from the U.S. States

This paper examines the relationship between trade liberalization and wage inequality for 50 U.S. states during the period from 1999 to 2008. The Difference-in-Differences and fixed effects methods are employed to evaluate the effect of trade liberalization on wage inequality in the U.S. states. Empirical results reveal that trade liberalization and de-unionization do increase the wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Evidence shows skill-biased technological change has no significant impact on rising wage inequality. As Difference-in-Differences estimation on time-series cross sectional data involves many years, the conventional standard errors often understate the standard deviation of the estimators. This paper employs the standard bootstrapping procedure and the clustering error procedure to correct the problem, and all sign patterns still hold.     

出口退税政策对出口贸易的持续影响效应研究——来自异质性企业出口生存率的证据

出口退税作为一项贸易调控政策,在一国政府应对国际贸易的大幅波动中发挥着重要作用.文章以企业出口关系持续性作为研究切入点,结合高度细化的出口退税率数据,运用生存分析模型对出口退税政策的实施效果进行系统评估.研究表明:(1)总体而言,出口退税率的变动在短期和长期均对企业出口关系的稳定性产生了显著影响.(2)在短期内,出口退税政策的调整对企业出口持续性的影响不因其所在区域和行业特征的差异而存在显著不同,但在所有制属性层面,民营企业受到的影响程度最大.(3)在长期内,来自东部地区、民营以及低技术行业的企业不仅受政策变动的作用时效更长,而且受政策调整的影响效果也更明显;而来自西部地区、三资以及高技术行业的企业则对出口退税政策调整的反应敏感程度最低.因此,出口退税政策的实施需要结合出口信贷等政策加以综合运用,以保证经济的平稳运行.     

FDI对中国贸易收支影响的实证研究

改革开放以来,尤其是邓小平同志南巡讲话以来,外商在华直接投资迅猛发展。与此同时,中国对外贸易顺差也急剧增加。本文在具体分析FDI对东道国进出口影响的基础上,将FDI作为进出口的决定因素之一纳入到本文的实证模型中,通过对比FDI对进、出口的弹性探讨了FDI对中国贸易收支的影响。研究结论表明,外商在华直接投资促进了中国的出口,替代了中国的进口,从而导致了中国贸易顺差的快速增长,而且外商在华直接投资引致的贸易顺差具有持续性。如何统筹中国的对内对外经济关系,对于中国贯彻实施互利共赢的对外经济开放战略,实现对外贸易平衡,促进全球经济失衡调整,具有启示意义。     

促进FDI与中国涉外税收政策的动态和谐

外商直接投资是促进中国经济发展的一支重要力量,中国经济发展需要FDI,FDI需要中国,从中国经济利益和FDI追求利润的相互和谐过程入手,不仅要考虑中国经济需求与FDI的利益分配政策的和谐,也要考虑经济结构和谐、经济增长和谐。以制定符合中国国情的涉外税收政策。     

FDI与国际贸易增长关系的实证分析与对策研究

笔者运用协整分析方法和误差修正模型,采用中国1982年～2003年的数据,对中国FDI与国际贸易增长的均衡关系进行研究,并对中国企业积极实施"走出去"战略问题予以分析。     

The exceptional performance of exporters and labour market outcomes: evidence from Egyptian firms

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the manufacturing export market in Egypt after the Arab Spring using a novel firm-level census dataset from 2013. Export is very rare in Egypt. The conventional export premia are very high, except for total factor productivity. Exporters have stark effects on labour market outcomes, including wages, employment, demand for skilled and female workers, wage inequality, and job security. These findings have two important implications: (1) Manufacturing exports might be monopolized by large firms, and (2) promoting exports could improve labour market outcomes, especially for skilled and female workers.     

基于改进D-S模型的产业间贸易、垂直投资一体化模型研究

本文通过在标准的Dixit-Stiglitz模型中引入基于Yang-Heijdra公式的全新解法,构建了全新的产业间贸易、垂直投资一体化模型.这一模型的理论贡献有二:一是在一般均衡理论框架内将垂直型国际直接投资成功地融合在"新贸易理论"框架内;二是采用基于Yang-Heijdra公式的全新解法对模型的两种均衡结构进行了一般均衡分析、边际和超边际比较静态分析,并得出了许多与传统解法不同的相关结论.     

International Transmission of Technology and Trade: The Role of Cross-country Heterogeneity

In the framework where the channel of international transmission of technology is trade in intermediate inputs, this paper investigates the role of heterogeneities across countries. In particular, this paper analyzes how cross-country differences in production structure, national innovative capacity, and absorptive capacity affect the scope and magnitude of international R&D spillovers on productivity. The study is based on the industry-level data set that covers eight OECD countries from 1970 to 1995. It finds that accounting for cross-country differences in each of production structure (using country-specific input–output relations) and national innovative capacity (using patents granted per R&D investment) yields significantly different spillover effects than previous studies. This suggests that the effect of international R&D spillovers depends on both production structure and the pattern of international trade. Further, it finds the absorptive capacity of a country is positively related to spillovers.     

对外贸易、FDI的经济增长效应与环境污染效应实证研究

外贸与FDI都在整体上促进了中国经济增长,其中,进口对经济增长的作用较小;出口与FDI加剧了中国环境污染;进口贸易可抑制环境污染,但作用比较小;人力资本具有显著的促进经济增长与抑制环境污染的双重功能。     

Foreign Capital,Skill Formation,and Migration of Skilled Workers

We study the interaction between foreign capital inflow and international migration of skilled labor when a small open economy is subject to exogenous shocks. The presence of a skill formation sector is central to our analysis, such that import liberalization and increased foreign capital inflow may lead to increased skill emigration both in absolute terms and as percentage of gross skill formation. Furthermore, a positive product price shock for the sector that uses foreign capital may turn out to be immiserizing. Finally, growth in the agricultural sector can lower the rate of skill formation as well as skill emigration.     

论国际贸易绿色化趋势与促进环保型FDI的发展

随着我国经济日益融入世界经济,我国的经济"绿色化"进程进一步加快。国际贸易的绿色化趋势对我国外商直接投资(简称FDI)企业提出了更高的环保要求。我国在引进外商直接投资项目上要适应这种趋势,采取有效措施促进环保型FDI的发展。     

Non-Routine Tasks, Restructuring of Firms, and Wage Inequality Within and Between Skill-Groups

This paper argues that endogenous restructuring processes within firms towards analytical and interactive non-routine tasks (like problem-solving and organizational activities, respectively), triggered by advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) and rising supply of educated workers, are associated with an increase of wage inequality within education groups. We show that this may be accompanied by a decline or stagnation of between-group wage dispersion. The mechanisms proposed in this research are not only consistent with the evolution of the distribution of wages in advanced countries, but also with the evolution of task composition in firms and a frequently confirmed complementarity between skill-upgrading, new technologies and knowledge-based work organization.     

对外贸易、FDI与我国收入差距关系的实证研究

改革开放以来,我国的基尼系数偏高和收入差距扩大受到了诸多因素的影响,笔者从对外贸易和FDI的角度探讨其相互间的关联性问题。通过构造VEC模型的实证检验表明:国际贸易竞争力的增强扩大了我国的财富分配差距,外国直接投资的大规模流入则有助于改善收入差距。FDI对我国出口具有促进作用,对进口则有替代作用,基尼系数偏高隐含的低工资成本也是对外贸易保持快速增长的重要原因。     

外资和外贸创新溢出效应的行业差异分析——基于广州市的实证研究

文章分析了出口贸易、内外资部门的独立研发、外资技术溢出对工业部门创新产出的影响以及它们的行业差异。分析后发现在技术创新领域,外资负面的挤出效应超出其本身知识产出的正面作用;内资是否发挥作用的关键在于行业所处市场是否充分竞争和是否重视研发的投入;外资技术溢出效应显著的部门是适宜"看中学"的行业和因为技术差距较大而未与外资直接竞争的企业;出口贸易和干中学拉动创新的关键在于出口的或劳动中所使用的产品是否有较高的技术含量。文章给出了不同行业的技术创新特点并提出有行业针对性的政策建议。     

金融发展、FDI与中国制造业出口绩效——基于新新贸易理论的实证分析

本文以新近发展的新新贸易理论为基础,将中国80余万条制造业出口数据归类到我国国民经济分类制造业,分别使用Probit模型和Heckman选择模型检验了金融发展和FDI对中国制造业出口二元边际的影响。研究表明,在控制其他影响因素的前提下,融资约束是影响企业出口决策的重要因素,而金融发展有助于企业缓解融资约束,使其能够在最优状态下生产,不仅有利其进入出口市场,还扩大了其出口份额,从而对贸易的扩展边际和集约边际都有积极的影响。此外,FDI缓解了我国出口企业面临的信贷约束,促进融资依赖性行业出口的二元边际,一定程度上发挥了与金融发展同样的作用,进一步的估计表明,FDI是通过替代银行信贷而发挥作用的。     

贸易开放、多渠道FDI与高技术产业绿色技术进步——基于中国省际数据的空间计量及VAR脉冲分析

在新经济增长理论框架的基础上,聚焦高技术产业绿色技术进步,基于2006—2018年中国（内地）省级面板数据,采用Super-SBM模型测度环境约束下中国高技术产业绿色技术进步,分解出纯技术效应部分和规模效应部分。基于空间杜宾模型进行实证检验,并构建VAR（向量自回归）模型探索其长期效果。结果表明：目前,我国高技术产业绿色技术进步主要由纯技术效应贡献;FDI资金和物力流入均通过提升规模效应促进本地高技术产业绿色技术进步,而在邻地则通过提升纯技术效应实现这一过程;FDI技术流入主要通过提高纯技术效应推动绿色技术进步;高质量人力资本和严格的环境规制均在本地显著促进高技术产业绿色技术进步,在邻地则无此效应。贸易开放本身能够显著促进本地高技术绿色技术进步,但与FDI资金和物力流入交互影响均抑制本地绿色技术进步,而与FDI技术流入交互作用在本地和邻地均对绿色技术进步具有显著促进作用。