A new International Tin Agreement?

The International Tin Council (ITC) has, by setting up a “Preparatory Committee”, once more given the starting signal for the preparation of a new International Tin Agreement (ITA). The intention is that the new agreement should take over from the current 6th ITA when it expires on 30th June, 1987. Presently the Agreement is facing a difficult situation. The apparent equilibrium between demand and supply since the beginning of 1985 remains unstable and some producer countries are urging their governments to leave the ITA. How could this situation come about? How can the problems be solved? *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A02GP040 00007     

The Impact of the International Tin Restriction Schemes on the Return to Equity of Tin Mining Companies, 1927–39

This article reviews some of the debates that emerged around the cartelisation of the tin industry during the 1930s, by analysing the rates of return realised by shareholders in tin mining companies. The claim that the tin cartel used its market power to raise prices excessively is questioned by comparing the rate for tin equities with other forms of investment. Comparisons within the industry show that the companies associated with Anglo-Oriental, the group that was responsible for the formation of the cartel, were not especially dependent on the cartel for their survival. As a result, the cartel is considered to be a solution to a problem of collective action on the part of all tin companies.     

American Cotton Council International, Ready for more Cooperation with Chinese Cotton Industry

Cotton Council International （CCI） is the export promotion arm of the National Cotton Council of America. CCI＇s mission is to increase exports of U.S. cotton, cottonseed and U.S. manufactured cotton products through activities that affect every phase of the marketing chain -- from the initial mill buyer of cotton fiber or purchaser of U.S. cotton-rich yarns and fabrics on through to the final consumer. In March, 2007, China＇s Foreign. Trade interviewed Mrs. Karm Malmstrom, Director, China of CCI. She stressed that CCI was ready to make pragmatic efforts to strengthen the cooperation with the Chinese cotton industry. The follows are her comments.     

国际产业调整和转移的新趋势——国际外包

20世纪90年代以来,在经济全球化和信息技术创新取得突破性进展的背景下,国际外包市场迅速发展,业务外包成为跨国公司进行产业调整和转移的新方式和新趋势。中国应该利用这个机会,承接国际外包业务,促进中国经济发展。     

国际企业采购新模式

互联网技术的飞速发展,对企业的国际采购模式的创新有着巨大影响,无疑为目标的实现提供了最佳的途径和契机。企业传统采购方式向网络采购方式转型,应结合自身实际,科学选择自用采购、采购联盟以及中介采购网站等采购模式,从而保证大幅降低企业运营成本,提高企业利润,保证企业生产流程的顺利进行。同时,要加强管理,避免暗箱操作等灰色采购行为的发生。     

Annual Report On China's Exhibition Industry 2009 (Ⅰ) China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Dec. 2009 Beijing

In order to enable those who are concerned with the development of exhibition industry to better understand China's exhibition industry's growth trend and basic features on policy regulation, opening up to the outside world and market characteristics, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) organizes experts and scholars of the industry to compile and publish Annual Report on China's Exhibition Industry in both Chinese and English every year since 2004. After years of efforts, the Report has developed into a significant window of China's exhibition industry for domestic and overseas insiders to know about China's exhibition industry with enriched content and growing influence. In 2009, we organized the compilation of Annual Report on China's Exhibition Industry (2009) based on the past reports from 2004 to 2008.     

Qualitative Insights into the International New Venture Creation Process

This paper adopts a qualitative approach to uncover the experiences of founders of international new ventures or born global firms. The data which are based on in-depth interviews, focus on the major characters, events and surrounding conditions from the time the firm is conceived until it becomes involved with foreign markets. From these data, the major elements contributing to the creation of an international new venture are identified.     

国际新药市场新在何处?

据美国克里夫兰市场咨询公司最近的调查报告,2000年全球药品销售额为3500亿美元,预计2005年可达4800亿美元,2010年将达到7000亿美元,而支撑医药产业快速发展的主动力就是发达国家不断研制开发的各种新药.据统计,世界前50家医药公司的研发预算达到570亿美元,研发中的新药超过1100个.据分析,有六个方面能显著影响药物发现的周期、产率和质量.这些领域是:研究和研发费用动作的最佳化、重点确定和决策制订、信息和知识、基因组学和其它技术、伙伴关系和联盟、规模经济学.     

基于国际电子商务发展新特征之相应策略研究

电子商务在经济全球化和全球信息化过程中得到迅猛发展 ,这种快速的发展趋势对我国电子商务的发展提出了巨大的挑战 ,同时也是一次莫大的机遇。就国际电子商务的发展新特征和趋势进行探讨和预测 ,以及对我国电子商务的发展的影响 ,提出了相应的策略和措施。     

“新经济”条件下国际性通货紧缩产生的原因及其新特征

由于全球经济一体化浪潮,经济系统中突现出许多本质不同的特征,这不仅导致各国经济变化存在很大相关性,甚至连政策变化也不例外,从而使得基于孤立的一个国家视角的通货紧缩研究具有很大的局限性。立足于全球经济一体化的观点和“新经济”思想,定性地考察国际性通货紧缩产生的实质原因,从而阐明其与“新经济”的内在关联。     

论国际易货贸易的新格局和我国的机遇

易货贸易有广义和狭义之分。广义的易货贸易是指不用货币结算的以物易物的交易,而不论这种易货是在本地市场、国内市场还是在国际市场进行。狭义的易货贸易通常是指国际间的以物易物,由于交易双方缺乏硬通货,通常要确定一种第三国的硬通货来作为记账的货币。我国开展的易货贸易主要是国家间的易货贸易,通过两国间签订交换货物和付款协定进行。随着现代技术的发展和电子商务模式的成熟,传统的一对一的易货贸易可以演变成多企业对多企业的易货贸易,企业可以通过互联网出售或购买自己所需要的货物或服务。加入世贸组织为我国开展易货贸易提供了难得的机遇,可以解决国内深层次经济结构性矛盾。     

Partner Selection for International Marketing and Distribution in Corporate New Ventures

The software industry offers numerous options for a firm to arrange its international marketing activities. Although a prominent way to enter the international market is through co-operation, there is a limited amount of research regarding partner selection. The purpose of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurial corporate new ventures use partners in their international marketing. A representative case study is used to illustrate the partner selection and evaluation process in the software industry. Our findings indicate that small entrepreneurial firms can and should use partners in their internationalization. However, a more analytical approach to their selection is needed.     

论作为新型国家责任的国际损害责任

传统的国家责任建立在国际不法行为的基础上,是一种过错责任.然而,随着时代的进步和科技的发展,一种以严格责任作为归责方式的新型国家责任出现了,即国际损害责任.联合国国际法委员会在传统国家责任之外,专门就国际损害责任开展了编纂活动.国际损害责任作为一种严格责任源自国内法.它的法理基础在于“行使自己的权利应不损及他人的权利”这一法律原则.尽管国际损害责任存在不成熟的地方,但是我们不能否认严格责任已经被引入国际法.同时,应当认识到国际损害责任在短期内不可能形成国际习惯,因为它严重依赖国际条约.     

论国际贸易领域新的价值取向——人文贸易主义

进入21世纪后,随着世界经济形式的变化和发展,一种新的价值取向正在国际贸易领域内悄然形成,即人文贸易主义。虽然人文贸易主义难免会被一些国家作为贸易保护工具来使用,但总体上讲它反映了人类社会和国际贸易发展的大趋势。本文通过阐述人文贸易主义的特征及其对国际贸易的影响,提出了我国在这一价值取向下应采取的策略。     

国际新公约背景下的博弈

20世纪90年代以来，在欧洲主要航运国家和日本政府的极力推动下，国际海事组织（IMO）和国际船级社协会（IACS）出台了一系列旨在提高船舶结构安全和环保性能的国际新公约。特别是在过去5年里，频频出台了对海事界发展有重大影响的多个公约。面对频频出台的新公约，我国造船业积极应对，取得了不俗的成绩。例如，在共同结构规范（CSR）实施中．     

新世纪情境下国际产业发展及转移态势

在世界第三次新技术革命的推动下,国际产业的发展也呈现出了集群化、融合化和生态化等新特征。在这种新形势下,国际产业转移也呈现一些新的特点和趋势:高度化、区域内部化、转移方式多样化、跨国公司投资主导、组团式和产业链整体转移以及全球价值链增值环节的梯度转移等。