Export Stages and Export Barriers: Revisiting Traditional Export Development

This study revisits the stage model dialogue by testing seven hypotheses on the relationship between stages of export development and the influence of export barriers. Empirical data are based on a sample of 145 New Zealand firms, and the analysis combines a six‐stage framework with an illustrative list of barriers, while going a step further than previous research by examining the effect of covariates. Empirical results demonstrate that resource constraints, marketing barriers, knowledge and experience barriers, and export‐procedure barriers are “export stage dependent.” However, regarding export‐stage‐dependent barriers, differences exist only when we compare the early to the very advanced stages of development. These results also refute the grand hypothesis, which suggests an inverse relationship between export stages and the influence of export barriers. While the stage model typology still provides a practicable basis for need‐based segmentation, it does not capture completely the heterogeneity associated with the middle stages. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Perceived Export Problems and Export Involvement:

A relatively limited amount of empirical research has focused on problems and issues pertaining to exporting from countries not associated with an advanced level of economic development. This paper reports on a systematic study of problems experienced by Greek exporting manufacturers in their trading activities with overseas distributors based in European Community (EC). In this context, an attempt is made, firstly, to investigate the underlying structure of exporting problems, and secondly, to examine the extent to which there are significant differences in perceptions of exporting problems based upon the degree of export involvement. A number of significant differences are found to exist in perceived export problems between different exporter categories in terms of export involvement. The implications of the study for business practitioners and public policy makers are highlighted, and future research directions are identified and discussed.     

Impact of Export Promotion on Export Performance:

This study empirically examines the impact of export promotional services on the export performance of manufacturing firms in Tanzania. The results suggest three broad tentative contributions to our understanding of export causal relationships: First, awareness per se of export promotional services is a poor explanatory factor of export performance. Second, as expected, usage of the services is a better explanatory factor than awareness. Third, contrary to expectations, satisfaction with the services tends to be inversely associated, though not significantly, with export performance. More empirical research elsewhere is recommended to validate these results.     

Export transitions

This paper uses a broad multi-country dataset to describe the main stylized facts about export performance in the last four decades. First, transition probability matrices are computed to look at changes in the position of countries at the world distribution of the export to GDP ratio. It finds that transitions toward high export ratios have been mainly experienced by Asian countries, but also that some reformers, like Mexico and Chile, have been able to improve their position relative to other studied economies. African countries mainly sunk to the bottom part of the world distribution, although they constitute only half of the economies with relatively bad export performance. In the consideration of the structural factors that may play an important role for long-run transitions, the results suggest that more open economies and those with better institutions are more likely to move to high export ratios in the long-run. Second, the within-country experiences are analyzed for identifying episodes of export transitions. Using an event study methodology, a very weak association is found between export transitions and investment rate. In contrast, the results suggest that transitions are potentially driven by improvements in financial development. Finally, favorable terms of trade, increments in productivity, and reductions in exchange rate distortions are not found to be a catalyst for export transitions.     

文化贸易出口持续期如何影响了出口品质

文化贸易出口持续期与文化产品出口品质之间存在何种影响效应?文章基于1996-2013年联合国贸易统计数据库,通过构建文化贸易出口品质和出口持续期指标,实证分析发现:由于文化消费的"理性成瘾"和消费惯性特征,文化贸易出口持续期对出口品质提升具有显著的促进效应。在不同文化产品类别和出口持续期样本中,上述影响效应存在显著的差异,在"退出"、"进入"和"只存在一年"等样本呈现显著的负向抑制效应。此外,文化产品的进口规模、出口目的国文化差异与经济发展水平等因素均与文化出口品质存在显著的影响。本文多种稳健性回归估计验证了上述结论。基于此,如何有效提升中国文化贸易的出口持续期,发挥其对出口品质的促进效应,可能是提高中国文化产品的国际竞争力的关键所在。     

利用出口信用保险促进我国农产品出口

扩大农产品出口,对我国农业经济发展具有重要的意义。出口信用保险是符合世贸组织规则的国际通行的支持商品出口的政策性手段,有助于解决农产品出口中面临的风险大、资金紧张、结构不合理等问题。积极推广利用出口信用保险,可以推动我国农产品出口贸易的发展。     

浅析我国蔬菜出口现状及策略

近年来，我国的蔬菜出口逐年加速增长，出口品种日趋多样化，出口市场日益扩大。全球蔬菜需求量的增加和加入WTO又为我国的蔬菜出口提供了新的机遇。但我国的蔬菜出口业仍然存在产品结构单一、质量较差、各出口商之间恶性竞争问题，严重影响我国蔬菜的出口。为适应当今国际蔬菜市场上发展的需要，我国应采取相应的措施，如理顺蔬菜出口管理体制、优化产品结构、提高产品质量等。     

出口退税政策与我国出口商品结构优化——基于不同技术程度行业的研究

本文基于不同技术程度行业考察了2001年1月至2008年8月我国出口退税政策对出口商品结构影响的实际效应。研究得出了以下结论:(1)出口退税政策对我国出口商品结构中初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业出口影响十分显著,对高新技术行业影响不显著或影响较小。(2)出口退税政策与我国出口商品结构中初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业出口比重呈显著正相关,与高新技术行业的相关性不明确。(3)出口退税政策对我国出口商品结构中初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业出口影响比高新技术行业更明显。针对以上结论本文提出两点建议:第一,从优化我国出口商品结构的角度看,我国出口商品结构调整应主要针对初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业进行,效果会更加明显。第二,在失业率较高时期可以通过提高劳动密集型行业出口退税率来增加就业。     

出口退税政策对出口贸易的效应分析

本文通过实证分析认为,出口退税政策对出口规模和出口结构具有明显的影响效果,在短期内可将出口退税政策作为我国调节出口贸易的重要手段,但从长期看我国应通过转变出口增长方式和出口结构,以提高出口企业的核心竞争力,保持出口贸易稳定持续发展。     

Export Prosp ects 2003

China achieved unprecedented breakthroughs in export growth in 2002. Will China be able to maintain a high growth rate in exports this year? Will there be any changes in the model export growth? And will the country's economic growth continue to depend on the growth of exports? To answer these questions, reporter Zou Jianfeng talked with a number of experts     

Export Structure Optimized

The rapid growth of China＇s trade surplus is a reflection of its industrial advancement and growing competitiveness.     

Export Entry,Export Exit and Productivity in German Manufacturing Industries

This paper contributes to the flourishing literature on exports and productivity by using a unique newly available panel of exporting establishments from the manufacturing sector of Germany from 1995 to 2004 to test three hypotheses motivated by a theoretical model by Hopenhayn (Econometrica 1992): (H1) Firms that stop exporting in year t were in t?1 less productive than firms that continue to export in t. (H2) Firms that start to export in year t are less productive than firms that export both in year t?1 and in year t. (H3) Firms from a cohort of export starters that still export in the last year of the panel were more productive in the start year than firms from the same cohort that stopped exporting in between. While results for West Germany support all three hypotheses, this is only the case for (H1) and (H2) in East Germany.