Tourism and crime in the Caribbean

This study reviews the general literature on tourism and crime and the recent history of violent and property crime in several Caribbean destinations. It highlights the failure of most previous research to discriminate crimes against tourists vs. residents. Annual crime data for Barbados for 1989–93 are analyzed and reveal that overall guest victimization rates are higher than host rates. Residents are significantly more likely to be victimized by violent crime while tourists are significantly more likely to experience property crime and robbery. Monthly data on guest victimization for 1990–93 show similar patterns. The paper concludes with a number of measures to enhance tourist safety.     

Tourism and food production in the Caribbean

Foreign-exchange leakage through food imports for tourist consumption reduces the net economic impact of tourism in the Caribbean. Yet little is known on the interface between tourism and local food production. Tourism's competition for agricultural labor and land, and its impact on land values, land use and food prices, are disputed by researchers and are poorly understood. Thorough studies are needed on the nature and extent of tourism food imports and associated foreign-exchange leakages; the reasons a large proportion of the food for tourist consumption is imported; and the variation in food supply patterns according to quality, size, ownership, and location of tourist establishment. Further research will help formulate policies designed to increase the net economic impact of tourism.     

Tourism research on the Caribbean: An evaluation

Abstract

A content analytical review of a select bibliography of tourism research on the anglophone Caribbean is provided according to time period, territorial focus, subject area, and authorship. Salient features of the literature are described along with their deficiencies. More specifically, questions of theory and method are examined, and certain suggestions are offered where improvement can be made.     

In Search of Competitive Advantage in Caribbean Tourism Websites

Abstract

The intense competitiveness of the global tourism industry increasingly demands the most effective possible marketing for individual destinations. The strategic management literature suggests that competitive advantage can be gained through capitalizing on a destination's unique attributes. In marketing terms, this translates as “competitive positioning.” To what extent do the individual destinations of the Caribbean seek to competitively position themselves as unique attractions among their many competitors? This paper returns to the concept of the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) as a practical and straightforward framework for analyzing distinctiveness in tourism marketing. An exploratory analysis of web-based marketing in the Caribbean suggests widespread failure of destinations to market themselves in terms of unique competitive positioning. The analysis also reveals several exemplary models of the USP concept in tourism marketing, suggesting opportunities for greater regional cooperation through stronger individual destination identities.     

关于乡村旅游、农业旅游与民俗旅游的几点辨析

目前,乡村旅游、农业旅游与民俗旅游越来越受到我国旅游业界和学界的关注,但是,包括研究论文、会议发言和旅游规划中的片面理解不仅相当普遍,而且也正在传播.本文作者认为,如果业界、学界能够更广泛的注目业态实践,并在此前人们已有研究的基础上进行更深入的研究,则将有可能对乡村旅游、农业旅游与民俗旅游的理论和实践产生更加积极的作用.本文的几点内容,就是作者试图根据自己近20年的接触对乡村旅游、农业旅游、民俗旅游所做的一点个人的诠释和辨析.     

Prospects for Latin America and Caribbean Region in the Global Market for International Tourism: A Projection to the Year 2020

International tourism has become very important to several developing countries as a major source of foreign exchange earnings for their economic development. This article explores the potentials of countries of the Latin America and Caribbean region in the global market for international tourism up to the end of the next decade. This was achieved by analyzing past trends of international tourism in the region, and projecting these trends to the year 2020 using a combination of four different time‐series projection models evaluated by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results show that international tourism arrivals into the Latin America and Caribbean region would increase from 51.21 million in 2004 (end of observed period) to between 87.58 million and 100.03 million by the year 2020. The corresponding figures for international tourism receipts would go from US$34.11 billion in 2004 to between US$64.92 billion and US$75.79 billion by the year 2020. Socioeconomic impacts of these findings are given, and recommendations for marketing strategies, government public policies, and directions for future research are discussed.     

Sex,romance and the carnivalesque between female tourists and Caribbean men

In this paper I examine interviews with female travelers who have been involved with Caribbean males during their holidays in Trinidad and Tobago and suggest that their experiences can best be understood employing the concept of the carnivalesque. Bakhtin (1984 [1968]) has described the carnivalesque as a temporary liberation of the established order, a world ‘upside down’ where bodily excess is celebrated. The concept of the carnivalesque seems useful not only because of the apparent suspension of the traditional order that takes place when white, Western, middle-class women are dating poor, uneducated, black males, but also because it allows to transgress the dichotomy of sex tourism and romance. Furthermore, carnival has been considered as potentially subversive, as it leads to an inversion of hierarchies, but also as conservative, since a temporary transgression is often followed by a return to an order that is thereby strengthened. Indeed, the narratives of some women suggest that their engagements with social and racial ‘Others’ remain temporary with little effect to the racial discourses they draw on, while others appear to transgress social and racial borders more substantially without falling into racial Othering.     

旅游信用、人力资本与旅游产业发展

传统的产业经济学理论主要注重经济因素而较少注重社会因素对产业发展的影响.本文构建了基于信用资本、人力资本的产业经济增长模型,研究旅游信用资本、人力资本与区域旅游经济发展之间的影响机制,并以中国29个省市,东、中、西部不同省份的面板数据,对旅游业人力资本、信用资本积累与旅游业发展之间影响机制进行了实证检验.结果表明,私人生产性的教育消费支出和公共教育支出总体上促进了旅游业人力资本积累;旅游业人力资本积累相对于政府培育信用资本的公共支出更加有利于促进旅游业信用资本积累;信用资本对中国旅游业发展产生了积极影响,但这些影响存在较大的地区差异性.该研究为促进中国旅游业信用资本、人力资本积累与区域旅游经济的协调发展提供了理论基础.     

Conventions,Festivals, and Tourism

Abstract

The link between conventions and tourism has often been assumed, and to some extent has been researched, and yet little research has been undertaken to study the relationships between organizations staging an event. The aim of this paper is to highlight the links between convention, festival, and tourism organizations using a case study in Lismore, Australia. The Lismore Chamber of Commerce has used an agricultural convention in conjunction with a community festival to share resources and attract wider audiences. This paper demonstrates the outcomes of this relationship in terms of innovation, cooperation, and regional development. Where previous attempts to coordinate the herb industry had failed, the case shows how coordinated events can serve an important purpose. The case also demonstrates the use of a network analysis methodology as a potential tool for researchers and managers in identifying and understanding industry relationships. The results demonstrate the success of this event and highlight the importance of developing and maintaining network relations.     

Innovation and the future of Caribbean tourism

Caribbean tourism is plagued with problems such as high winter/summer hotel occupancy variability and the sensitivity of tourism to domestic political conditions. This article argues that the future of Caribbean tourism will increasingly depend upon its innovativeness — its capacity to anticipate and to respond creatively to changes taking place in the international tourism marketplace. The importance of innovation is evident in Jamaica's Super Club hotels. With their ‘all-inclusive’ innovation, Super Club's performance has far outstripped that of traditional multinational corporations-affiliated hotels. The case for innovation is argued using empirical data collected in 1985 for Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago.     

论旅游学术期刊与旅游人才培养及教学科研的关系——以《旅游学刊》为例

学术期刊对科研工作和人才培养起着重要的导向作用。本文通过分析《旅游学刊》的相关文献数字 ,以及对其办刊方针和审稿制度的解析 ,阐述了期刊文献对旅游研究选题、研究水准、研究方法的导向作用 ;对研究型人才的发掘培养与催化作用 ,以及对教学的补充作用。     

Forecasting US Air Travelers to Europe,Caribbean and Asia

Travel and tourism are among the most important economic contributors to most, if not all, countries. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the number of international arrivals showed remarkable growth, from 25 million international arrivals in 1950 to 699 million in 2000. This indicates an average annual growth rate of 7%. In the same period, tourism receipts recorded an average annual growth rate of 11%. In 2002, international tourism generated worldwide receipts of US$474 billion, corresponding to US$1.3 billion a day or US$675 per tourist arrival. In view of the important role that international tourism plays in the global economy, this research applied four time-series forecasting techniques to project the trend of US air travelers, a major source market, to Europe, Caribbean and Asia, the three leading outbound markets (second to Canada and Mexico) from the US in the period 2003–2005. Experimental outcomes reveal declining trends. This paper discusses the underlying factors for such trends. Lastly, this paper ends with a detailed discussion on policy implications.