推进城市建设投融资体制的改革

一、目前城市建设的市场化运作机制 基础设施建设具有规模大、建设周期长、投资回报率较低及沉没成本较高等特点,商业性投资一般不愿涉及,只有单一的政府投资渠道。在计划经济体制下,我国的基础设施建设所采取的传统投融资模式是由政府部门从财政拨款投入资金,并由国有企业进行建设、经营和管理,这种“大包大揽”的投融资模式使政府成为基础设施建设的唯一投资主体和经营主体,财政资金则成为了建设资金的惟一来源。     

西部大开发亟需突破资金短缺瓶颈

资金不足是制约西部发展的重要因素。目前．西部开发资金的主要来源是金融机构贷款和国家投入，这两项占西部投资的70％．投资渠道单一，社会资金投入严重不足。同时，由于投资期限短，致使西部开发的基础设施和生态建设等长期性项目处于中短期资金运作中，项目效益难以发挥。     

杭州市创业风险投资项目及其退出情况调查

在对杭州市创业风险投资机构调查的基础上,就投资项目的行业分布、阶段分布、区域分布、强度分布、经营规模和投资项目的退出以及机构收益构成等方面进行了分析和论述,并从组织创业投资项目源、引导投资机构投向高科技领域、拓宽创业投资资本来源渠道以及发展资本市场中介服务机构4个方面提出了加快创业风险投资行业发展的建议。     

农村金融助力基础设施建设——以青海省为例

改革开放以后城乡经济飞速发展,但城市的发展速度要远超农村。为加速青海省农村经济的发展,提高整体的收入水平,应充分利用农村金融的作用,来助力乡村基础设施建设。就农村基础设施而言,它是现代文明的标志之一,它的建设需要投入大量的资金,从青海省统计年鉴的数据可以反映出投入资金的不足,尤其是医疗方面。此外,现存的问题还有资金的来源主要是政府,比较单一,金融机构的实质性帮助较少、缺少投融资平台等。针对上述问题,文章提出建立多元化的投资机制、拓宽融资渠道、对现有的投融资平台进行改进,并设立农村基础设施专项基金等对策建议。     

城市基础设施建设投融资模式的比较分析

随着我国经济的快速持续发展,我国工业化和城市化的发展将不断深入,政府投向城市建设的基础设施项目、公共建筑项目的资金也将逐年增加。本文针对现行的城市基础设施建设模式进行一番比较和分析,以为管理者拓宽基础设施投融资渠道提供参考。     

我国政府投资项目融资结构优化分析

政府投资资金可按资金来源渠道、资金筹集方式、资金价值来源、资金管理职权、资金与国家预算关系等不同标准进行分类,从中可以分析政府投资规模的可能性、拓展资金的来源渠道.在分析我国政府融资结构状况的基础上,利用一元线形回归方程预测国家预算内资金占国有经济固定资产投资的合理比例,为我国政府投资项目融资结构优化提供理论依据.     

浅析保险公司分散化投资的策略

近年来,随着金融市场的兴起和发展,投资者的投资热情愈发高涨,使得越来越多的资金投向该市场。保险公司作为其中投资主体之一,已经成为了投资者投资的一个重要渠道,如何做到合理投资,达到分散风险的效果,如何才能获得最大综合利润关系到保险公司的生存和发展。本文将根据分散化投资理论的分析,对保险公司如何分散化投资进行阐述,给出简要的意见和建议。     

我国农村基础设施投入区域差异分析

本文分别从农村基础设施的投资总量、投资主体、投资去向及其投资需求四个方面对我国农村基础设施投入区域差异进行实证分析,研究表明:第一,农村基础设施发展水平和农村经济发展水平呈现显著的正相关关系,因而我国从东部往西部农村基础设施发展水平总体也呈现逐渐递减的状态。第二,各地区农村基础设施投入主体构成存在明显差异。东部经济发达地区非农户投资比重远远大于中西部不发达地区的非农户投资比重。第三,中西部地区在第一产业的投资比重远远大于东部地区,但第二产业的投资比重远远小于东部地区。第四,各地区农民对基础设施的投入需求存在明显差异。东部地区需求最强烈的主要是社会性基础设施,中西部地区需求最强烈的主要是经济型基础设施。     

对我国基础设施投入的改革建议

1·打破政府垄断,实现基础设施投资和运营主体的多元化。要解决目前基础设施投入不足问题,就必须实现基础设施投资和运营主体的多元化,必须打破政府的垄断,取消社会资本进入基础设施领域的限制,制定切实有效的政策,允许和鼓励各种社会投资者积极投身到基础设施的建设、运营和管理中来,并大力开拓为其服务的融资渠道。对现行的基础设施供给体制进行民营化改革,实现基础领域的投资主体及股权的多元化。民营化的形式可以多种多样,宜股则股,宜卖则卖,宜租则租,宜包则包。当然,由于基础设施是关系国民经济整体利益和长远发展的基础,民营化改革还…     

基于博弈论的农村基础设施投资主体行为优化分析

农村基础设施建设过程中必须充分发挥各投资主体的积极性,本文在分析不同类型基础设施经济学属性的基础上,主要运用博弈论方法分析了农村基础设施投入主体的投资行为并提出了优化各投入主体策略选择的政策建议。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.