Patent statistics: deciphering a ‘real’ versus a ‘pseudo’ proxy of innovation

Patent statistics have fascinated economists concerned about innovation for a long time. However, fundamental questions remain as to whether or not patent statistics represent the real state of innovation. As Griliches pointed out, substantial questions involve: What aspects of economic activities do patent statistics actually capture? And, what would we like them to measure? He pointed out that these statistics can be a mirage appearing to provide a great number of objective and reliable proxies for innovation.This paper aims to address some of these questions by making a comparative evaluation of the representability of patent statistics in four levels of the innovation process, using as examples research and development (R&D) in Japan's printer and photovoltaic solar cell (PV) industries over the last two decades. Furthermore, this research provides a new set of patent statistics which could be considered a more reliable proxy for innovation.     

Vertical integration as a remedy for imbalances in the ‘Porterian’ value system. The Dutch financial securities industry at the beginning of the 20th century

The way of accounting for vertical integration, of this paper is based on the ‘Porterian’ value system and focuses on the relation between the creation and appropriation of value. The essence of a value system is that at each stage in the system value is created and added to the value created at previous stages. We propose that firms which are unable to appropriate the value they create at the stage they currently inhabit, would find it advantageous to integrate vertically towards stages offering a more attractive relation between value appropriation and value creation. This argument will be illustrated here by the case of a large Dutch bank that integrated vertically towards securities trading.     

R&D,Interindustry and International Technology Spillovers and the Total Factor Productivity Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Canada, 1974-1989

The paper presents new econometric evidence on the relationship between total factor productivity growth and the R&D expenditures of Canadian manufacturing industries in the presence of interindustry and international spillovers of technology. In contrast to studies that presume that international spillovers are incorporated in imports of intermediate and/or capital equipment goods, the present paper assumes that the principal channel of transmission of new technology is foreign direct investment. Three original proxies for international spillovers use information on patenting, the size and the origin of foreign ownership in the host country and the R&D expenditures in the country of origin. The results suggest that the nexus between industry's own R&D expenditures and the TFP growth is significant and positive, especially for the process-related R&D. Domestic interindustry spillovers of new technology have a larger effect on TFP than industry's own R&D expenditures. All three proxies for international technology spillovers are associated positively and significantly with TFP growth. However, international spillovers contribute to TFP growth less than domestic interindustry spillovers and less than own process-related R&D.     

论建筑业应用价值工程

针对当前我国建筑业价值工程应用的现状,阐述了建筑业应用价值工程的特点、过程和意义。并对价值工程在建筑业中进一步推广应用提出了建议。价值工程对于提高我国建筑企业的经营、管理和决策水平,以及提高建设项目的投资效益和投资价值都具有重要作用。     

政府资助研发促进国际贸易与经济增长作用研究

本文在相关文献研究基础上,对政府资助研发活动对经济增长和国际贸易发展的影响机制和乘数作用进行了研究,构建了政府资助研发资金对经济增长和国际贸易发展的影响机制模型,提出了政府资助研发资金经济增长乘数和政府资助研发资金国际贸易发展乘数的概念,并运用协整理论对我国1991-2010年数据进行了实证,计算出了具体乘数,分析了当前我国政府资助研发资金在促进经济增长和国际贸易发展方面存在问题并提出政策建议.     

Inequality in Exchange: The Use of a World Trade Flow Table for Analyzing the International Economy

Whether or not the terms of trade between two countries may be unequal is a controversial question in the theory of international economics. In practice, the issue is resolved through statistical observation of the terms of trade. This measurement of the terms of trade follows a long tradition and produces impressive detail. It is, however, restricted in scope, because the first derivative, the change of the terms over time is observed only. Absolute levels depend on which year is chosen as the base year, a choice that is rather arbitrary and carries no theoretical meaning. Equality in the levels of terms of trade remains thus undefined. More precisely, it is always assumed to exist implicitly for whichever base year is being nominated. The paper proposes an answer to this ambiguity based on the relatively new statistical tool of international purchasing power compilation. The terms of trade are crucially dependent on the rate of foreign exchange (for which exports are traded against imports), which is predominantly governed by financial rather than commodity markets. Hence, the paper proposes to separate the two factors of influence and to call terms of trade ‘equal’ if the effective real exchange rate (as derived from the nominal exchange rate by means of purchasing power parities) equals one. On that basis a world trade flow table is constructed, putting the compiled equalities and inequalities in trade into a coherent, global perspective.     

两种企业年金计划的精算原理分析

《企业年金试行办法》的出台,标志着我国开始正式建立企业年金制度。企业年金可以较好的保障企业退休职工的老年生活,同时也是企业吸引人才的员工薪酬福利计划的重点。但是我国相关的理论和实践较少,制约了我国企业年金制度的实施。文章旨在研究企业年金计划的精算原理,通过分析给予企业制定企业年金计划一定的理论帮助,对于企业年金的理论研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

On axiomatizations of the Shapley value for assignment games

We consider the problem of axiomatizing the Shapley value on the class of assignment games. It turns out that several axiomatizations of the Shapley value on the class of all TU-games do not characterize this solution on the class of assignment games. However, when considering an assignment game as a (communication) graph game where the game is simply the assignment game and the graph is a corresponding bipartite graph where buyers (sellers) are connected with sellers (buyers) only, we show that Myerson’s component efficiency and fairness axioms do characterize the Shapley value on the class of assignment games. Moreover, these two axioms have a natural interpretation for assignment games. Component efficiency yields submarket efficiency stating that the sum of the payoffs of all players in a submarket equals the worth of that submarket, where a submarket is a set of buyers and sellers such that all buyers in this set have zero valuation for the goods offered by the sellers outside the set, and all buyers outside the set have zero valuations for the goods offered by sellers inside the set. Fairness of the graph game solution boils down to valuation fairness stating that only changing the valuation of one particular buyer for the good offered by a particular seller changes the payoffs of this buyer and seller by the same amount.     

Understanding the value of project management from a stakeholder's perspective: Case study of mega‐project management

Project management can generate significant value for organizations (Thomas & Mullaly, 2007). However, the value of project management varies depending on the different size and complexity of projects managed. Focusing on mega‐projects, this study explores the value of project management from the stakeholders' perspective, thereby creating a value framework. In the case of SHRBC Company, it analyzes the company's project management practice and the value of project management, and consequently certifies the applicability of this value framework through empirical study.     

广西开展面向东盟的区域性专利信息服务建设研究

随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程不断加快,全球竞争尤其是区域竞争日趋激烈。在区域经济合作不断深化的过程中,专利信息服务是区域经济发展的重要力量和区域竞争的焦点。文章分析了开展面向东盟的专利信息服务的必要性,并提出相应的建设思路。     

广西开展面向东盟的区域性专利信息服务建设研究

随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程不断加快,全球竞争尤其是区域竞争日趋激烈。在区域经济合作不断深化的过程中,专利信息服务是区域经济发展的重要力量和区域竞争的焦点。文章分析了开展面向东盟的专利信息服务的必要性,并提出相应的建设思路。     

客户关系管理中的价值评估——企业为顾客创造价值的评价

客户关系管理的核心是价值创造,企业实施客户关系管理时,在对客户的识别、保留、发展的整个生命周期中对价值的评判始终贯穿其中,因此客户关系管理中的价值评判非常重要,其价值评判包括两个方面:一是企业为客户创造的价值评价,二是客户为企业创造的价值评价。本文就企业为客户创造的价值的评判指标、方法进行探讨。     

Pay for Talk: How the Use of Shareholder‐Value Language Affects CEO Compensation

The language that signals conformity to a prevailing norm can contribute to the appearance of managerial competency and organizational legitimacy. We argue that top corporate managers’ use of language that is congruent with a prevailing norm leads the boards of directors to evaluate the managers more favourably and to grant a higher level of compensation. We test this argument by analysing the letters to shareholders from 334 US firms and examine the CEOs’ expression of the shareholder value principle, which is a prevailing model of corporate governance in the USA. We found that the use of shareholder‐value language is significantly related to a higher level of CEO compensation and that the effect of shareholder‐value language is greater when shareholder activism is stronger.     

建筑智能系统销售公司的客户价值系数分类管理研究

以建筑智能系统销售公司为对象,研究了该类企业客户价值分析的原则和方法;提出了基于客户价值系数的客户分类管理方法;并结合实例分析,说明了这种客户分类管理方法的可行性和有效性。     

三级综合医院开展中西医结合防治肝病研究的价值

本文通过理论研究和市场调研,得出中西医结合是治疗肝病的有效途径,三级综合医院开展中西医结合防治肝病研究,不仅能够提高社会效益,而且可提高经济效益,具有较高的价值。     

Comments on the paper ‘Type I error and test power of different tests for testing interaction effects in factorial experiments’ by M. Mendes and S. Yigit (Statistica Neerlandica, 2013, pp. 1–26)

We give some comments on the paper by Mendes and Yigit where some misleading statements on rank tests have been given. Also, we give some additional important references on the same topic, which are not cited in this paper. By extending the simulations presented in the Mendes and Yigit paper to larger and unequal sample sizes, we demonstrate that the main conclusions are misleading.