Estimating global frontier shifts and global Malmquist indices

The Malmquist index is a measure of productivity changes, of which an important component is the frontier shift or technological change. Often technological change can be viewed as a global phenomenon, and therefore individual or local measures of technological changes are aggregated into an overall measure, traditionally using geometric means. In this paper we propose a way of calculating global Malmquist indices and global frontier shift indices which provides a better estimation of the true frontier shift and furthermore is easy to calculate. Using simulation studies we show how this method outperforms the traditional aggregation approach, especially for sparsely populated production possibility sets and for frontiers that also change shape over time. Furthermore, our global indices can be used for unbalanced panels without disregarding any information. Finally, we show how the global indices are meaningful for calculating differences between frontiers from different groups rather than different time periods as illustrated in a small case study of bank branches in different countries.      

The rise of the entrepreneurial economy and the future of dynamic capitalism

A major shift in the organization of developed economies has been taking place: away from what has been characterized as the managed economy towards the entrepreneurial economy, or what Kirchhoff (1994) has called dynamic capitalism. However, the factors underlying this observed shift have not been identified in a systematic manner. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main factors leading to this shift and implications for public policy. In particular, we find that technological change is a fundamental catalyst underlying the shift from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy. However, it was not just technological change but rather involved a multitude of factors, ranging from the demise of the communist system, increased globalization, corporate reorganization, increased knowledge production and higher levels of prosperity. Recognition of the causes of the shift from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy implies a shift in public policy directions. Rather than to focus directly and exclusively on promoting new firms and small firms, it may be that the current approach to entrepreneurship policy is misguided. The priority should not be on entrepreneurship policy but rather a more pervasive and encompassing approach, policy consistent with an entrepreneurial economy, in order to foster dynamic capitalism.     

后危机时代我国经济发展方式转变的创新支持

后危机时代的中国经济发展方式转变面临一系列重大挑战和问题。本文首先提出当前中国经济发展方式转变的主要制约因素,包括技术制约和经济结构制约;通过对制约因素的详细分析,从解决路径上提出我国经济发展方式转变的创新支持,包括以自主创新为主的技术创新支持和产业结构、分配结构、消费结构的结构优化升级的创新支持。促进我国经济又好又快发展。     

Efficiency and Technological Change in the U.S. Brewing Industry

This study demonstrates that the measurement of technological change and economic efficiency are tightly linked. Efficiency measures may depend on carefully controlling for technological change, while tests of technological change may be sensitive to empirical model specifications. Moreover, the study underlines Solow's (1994) and Romer's (1994) admonition that econometricians should pay attention to industry and institutional evidence in building models of technological change. The empirical results presented here suggest that there has been substantial technological change in the U.S. brewing industry from 1950 to 1992. This occurred in the form of a dramatic shift in technology beginning with the introduction of super breweries in about 1972. There has also been a substantial increase in scale economies, which undoubtedly caused many inefficiently small firms to exit the industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Further results suggest that a more complete specification of technological change and the stochastic nature of the frontier production function leads to higher and more tenable estimates of efficiency.     

加工车间设计方案决策

介绍了湖南某拖拉机厂技术改造项目,加工车间设计。通过对加工车间工艺平面布置的设计与决策,打破了常规,提出了适合我国汽车、拖拉机的箱体加工等零件的加工车间设计方案和一个新的概念──变型制造方案。该方案可以重组,应变快,能进能退,几乎没有投资风险。     

基于工作过程导向《模具制造工艺学》课程设计的改革与实践

《模具制造工艺学》课程设计是高职模具设计与制造专业学生的实践性教学课程,目的是让学生在实践中掌握模具零件的工艺设计与加工工艺规程编制,但是,以往的教学模式和手段很难达到该目的。以基于工作过程导向的原则、思路,按模具制造工艺员岗位技能的要求改革《模具制造工艺》课程设计,学生基本能编制常用模具零件的加工工艺规程。     

技术进步与效率改善的一种新测度方法

本文利用非参数路径收敛设计,建立了测度政府投入驱动经济增长效率的方法。基于浙江省级公立医院2005~2008年的数据,本文发现经典的Malquist指数和线性回归估计方法无法识别政府投入对技术进步和效率改善的影响。研究表明,2005年5月至2006年10月和2008年7月至2008年12月期间,政府投入显著促进了浙江省级公立医院技术进步,生产率大幅提升;然而,在2006年10月至2008年7月期间政府投入失败。这一结果不仅论证了本文测度方法的有效性和应用的可行性,同时也纠正了投入产出比导致的直观错误判断。     

生态工业园建设和发展的动力研究

工业发展理念的转变催生了生态工业,作为生态工业载体的生态工业园是目前世界工业园发展的主流。在生态工业园的建设和发展中,资源及环境保护的压力、企业经济利益的驱动力、政府行政参与的支持力及科技创新的推动力构成了生态工业园建设和发展的动力。     

技术创新背景下我国金融科技2.0发展路径

金融科技2.0模式的核心特征是由资金端创新转向资产端创新和基础设施创新,在现有金融规范秩序下拓展金融服务维度,为普惠金融和智慧金融发展提供可能。由于技术和资金约束,我国金融科技2.0模式发展存在数字鸿沟过大、金融创新发展质量不高、金融创新网络安全及法规监管滞后等问题。本文从制度、技术和内需角度提出了具体优化发展路径,即鼓励技术创新和金融领域应用,通过监管创新规范金融科技转型发展;鼓励技术创新,推动科技企业技术变革;加速传统金融机构转型,拓展金融科技内需。     

On the economic evaluation of future manufacturing systems

This paper stresses the need for technological competitiveness in order to maintain strength in domestic and foreign markets, reviews bases for developing and evaluating technological advances and suggests that computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) will prove significant advances in the years ahead.     

依靠技术创新促进造船模式的转换

本文认为转换造船模式是船厂技术创新的主旋律,转换造模式需要进行体系技术创新,并提出了推行现代生产设计、实施托盘管理、建立团队组织、深化相关新技术的应用、加强职工培训等建议.     

创新企业如何获利——基于模块化的分析

创新企业通过规模经济、范围经济以及技术垄断等传统途径来获利变得越来越困难,在技术变革剧烈、需求多样化的时代,模块化设计因其具有的专业化协作的优势不断提升企业的创新能力,不断适应环境来获得高额回报。     

CAD技术在公路勘察设计中的应用

介绍CAD技术在公路桥梁勘察设计中的应用,促进了公路交通行业的技术进步。     

废旧厂房可持续设计中改造与保留的平衡性价值分析

通过对废旧厂房可持续设计实施必要性的研究,运用了废旧厂房改造设计的相关概念,分析了废旧厂房可持续设计的文化属性、科技属性、自然属性、社会属性,得出了废旧厂房可持续设计今后的发展态势以及发展方式。     

论工艺布置形式的物料搬运设计

分析工艺布置形式的特点,从理论上和实践上研究、探讨工厂的物料搬运设计中的若干问题     

用互联网接入技术提高广播网络智能化

文章主要介绍了广播电台互联网接入区的网络设计方案,应用的主要技术环节和网络建设中的经验。     

科技服务业新分类及发展形势分析

文章从当前我国社会发展需求角度,提出科技服务业新的分类思路,即将科技服务业分为服务于创新的研发服务业、服务于生产的工业设计创意服务业、服务于创业的创业服务业、服务于社会的信息咨询服务业四类,并分析了在新的分类体系下,当前科技服务业的发展形势。     

Technological and organizational capital: Where complementarities exist

This study analyzes the complementarities between technological and organizational capital within enterprises. Different components of technological and organizational capital exert distinct—and often opposed—forces on each other. Our empirical results show that greater employee voice promotes firm productivity when combined with information technology, but harms firm productivity when combined with communication technology. On the other hand, flexible work design is positively associated with communication technology and negatively associated with information technology.     

浅谈RS与GIS在土地规划和利用中的应用

随着农业结构的调整、城市化进程的加快和第三产业的快速发展,传统农业用地的结构有了很大的变化。土地类型的转化和土地的各种数据的更新速度之快,技术要求之高,对土地利用现状动态监测的科技含量提出了更新更高的要求,遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术在土地规划和利用中也有了越来越广泛的用途。     

Strategic paradigms as a frame of explanation of innovations: a theoretical synthesis

Innovation has mainly been analysed as a rather narrow phenomenon. This has been an obstacle to a more operationally useful understanding of innovation processes. Two main approaches to explain innovation exist, namely economic innovation theory and the theory of entrepreneurship. Both are criticized in the article, the economic innovation theory for being based on a technological reductionism, the entrepreneurship theory for being based on an individualistic determinism. The two theories have not been coordinated to form a more comprehensive synthesis. The concept of technological paradigm within the economic innovation theory and the concept of entrepreneurial networks within the entrepreneurship theory mark some improvement in establishing a broader understanding of innovation, but have not yet been synthesized. The idea of paradigms is used in the article for a broader, synthesizing conception of innovations as being determined by shifts in strategic paradigms. A theoretical model of factors causing shifts in the strategic paradigm is set up.