Inside the high-tech black box: A critique of technology entrepreneurship policy

Promoting new technology-based firms is the cornerstone of technology entrepreneurship policies in advanced industrial economies. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence from the UK, this paper provides a critique of these policy frameworks. The aggregate analysis shows that vast majority of these firms are micro firms, a small minority of whom grow rapidly. The paper then highlights the incongruence between the nature of these firms and the public sector technology policies designed to support them. The qualitative data reveals that typically these firms are corporate rather than university spin-offs; most do not undertake large amounts of in-house R&D; most do not have protected IP; and only a small minority are VC-backed. Most derive their main competitive advantages from open innovation sources such as relationships with end-users and customers. The paper offers suggestions for how policy could be recalibrated to better reflect the requirements of local entrepreneurial actors and the types of support required by most high-tech SMEs.     

Incubator,technology, and innovation centres in Switzerland: features and policy implications

Only since the early 1990s, when unemployment rates in Switzerland soared to unprecedented levels, has federal technology and innovation policy begun to design their activities with regard to employment and the establishment of new firms. Now, all across the country, private as well as public incubator facilities, technology and innovation centres have begun to spring up. This paper starts by describing the theoretical and methodological background of a survey of incubator, technology and innovation (ITI) centres. In a first step, all cantonal offices for economic promotion were asked to report and to describe incubator facilities, technology and innovation centres within their realm. In a second step a selection of centres were analysed in depth. The key findings are that: (1) ITI centres are most commonly established by a combination of public and private initiatives; (2) the main motive for the creation of ITI centres is to promote startups and the innovative potential; (3) most ITI centres offer space to rent and make available joint amenities; (4) ITI centres are predominantly in manufacturing, services, and development activities; their level of technology input is high or very high; and (5) the spatial reach of most of the ITI centre is on the region. Together with selected foreign experiences, some conclusions and recommendations for the operation of such centres are formulated.     

金融危机背景下美联储的非常规货币政策操作

面对金融危机,关联储不仅非常规地使用传统货币政策工具,而且还采取大量激进的非常规措施,通过购买各种证券向市场注入流动性以及运用信息沟通引导市场预期降低长期借贷成本的方式缓解金融市场紧缩局面。非常规货币政策是应对非常时期的非常措施,随着经济的复苏,各国经济刺激政策如何寻找安全退出路径是这一时期全球央行的主要任务。     

Organization HRD and technology: towards a bureaucratic theory of strategic control

In this study, an investigation is conducted of the relationships between technology and training as attributes of strategic control. It is argued that, when the means of production become more technology oriented, smaller firms will be more ready to train and develop existing workers. Larger firms, by contrast, may tend to emphasize training but more of a generic type rather than ‘tailor made’.     

Exploring the performance effects of visible attribute diversity: the moderating role of span of control and organizational life cycle

Research on how cultural diversity – especially visible attributes such as race and gender – impacts organizational performance remains practically nonexistent. We examine the effect of racial diversity and gender diversity on firm performance utilizing a contingency framework. Empirical findings from a field study support the hypothesized contingent effects of an organization's structure, specifically managerial span of control, on both racial and gender diversity's pre-assumed benefits. In addition, the study highlights the role of life-cycle stage when modelling the diversity–performance relationship. Future research directions and managerial implications are discussed.     

发达国家科技政策导向及其启示

当今世界,科技政策已成为许多国家尤其是美、日、欧等发达国家全力打造科技强国的基本的公共政策。文章从国家战略引导产业发展、国家政策促进产业发展、全力追求知识与技术创新、注重培养和吸纳优秀人才等4个方面对此进行了探析。     

西部地区城市关系发展现状及政策选择

城市是区域发展的核心和载体,和谐的城市关系对资源有效配置、城市竞争力提升、区域经济发展等有积极作用,这种作用的发挥对西部地区更有突出意义.经过多年发展,西部城市关系发展取得了一定成效,并形成了一定的关系模式,但也存在种种困难.因此,需要从城市自身发展、城市政府间合作、城市联盟、中心城市成长等方面进一步拓展西部城市关系的发展空间.     

转炉球铰螺母紧固工具的设计与运用

文章通过结合笔者工作以来对于转炉球附近螺母经常出现松动的情况自行研发紧固工具,不仅实现了缩减劳动量,还有效地提升了加固的牢度。     

创新型国家的演化模式与我国创新型国家建设

在对创新型国家概念和特征进行探讨的基础上,归纳了国际上创新型国家建设的四种典型模式,即综合知识创新模式、学习赶超模式、国家创新体系支撑模式、集中优势重点突破模式;并进一步分析了我国创新型国家建设中存在的差距,提出了我国创新型国家建设的“全面创新协调推进”模式和政策建议。     

浅谈公共财政政策对高新技术产业的支持

财税政策对促进高新技术产业的发展起着非常重要的作用。文章指出,为支持高新技术产业的发展需要对公共财政政策作必要的改革与调整。     

我国科技合作模式及问题初探

随着经济全球化,科技合作也日益成为人们关注的话题,世界范围内的科技合作也越来越多和普遍,该文从科技资源集成的角度论述了我国科技合作的定义和种类,我国目前科技合作的主要形式,以及分析它们存在的一些问题,提出了相应的对策思路。     

科技型中小企业融资需求分析及政府政策供给模式

我国科技型中小企业的发展受到融资困难的严重制约,急需政策的有效支持。基于产品生命周期分析科技型中小型企业经营和发展的规律,指出科技型中小企业的成长阶段及断层,进而分析科技型中小企业融资需求的阶段性差异,提出政府政策供给的优化模式。     

Supply chain environmental R&D cooperation and product performance: Exploring the network dynamics of positional embeddedness

Companies increasingly need to work with their partners to address sustainability issues, but benefits from environmental R&D cooperation can be limited by the complexity of its management. This paper examines how the interplay between dyadic and network relationships can contribute to increase the success of environmental R&D cooperation. Using secondary data, we examine whether the positional embeddedness in the supply network structure of partners engaged in environmental R&D cooperation amplifies the effects of cooperation on product performance. Non-monotonic effects of environmental R&D cooperation and embeddedness are also tested. The results indicate that the positional embeddedness of partners triggered by multiple sourcing strategy amplifies the effects of environmental R&D cooperation on product environmental performance. The interaction effects become however insignificant in the presence of increasing complexity and excessive environmental R&D cooperation.     

数字化城市管理相关技术的应用与创新

数字化城市管理,实现了对城市管理对象,高效、全时段、全方位的监督与管理,并具有防范和协助处理突发事件的功能。高新技术是支撑数字化城市管理的基础。本文重点阐述了空间网格、地理编码、监管数据无线采集设备(城管通)及相关标准在数字化城市管理新模式中的应用与创新。     

国有企业集团业绩管理政策及主要工具述评

通过对国有企业集团业绩管理的相关政策进行综述,指出业绩管理政策是随着对企业集团控制要求的不同而逐步演变。并通过对目前主流的业绩管理工具的适用性进行评价,指出战略导向、均衡价值管理和实施监控是业绩管理工具发展的趋势。     

中关村创新力提升中存在的问题及解决途径——基于企业集群创新网络视角的分析

运用创新网络理论和企业集群理论,分析了中关村高新技术企业集群创新力的现状和问题。提出了完善中关村高新技术企业集群创新网络的对策建议:发挥政府主导作用,在高新技术企业、高校和科研院所、中介组织、金融机构等各个行为主体之间建设显性或隐性的联接,从而带动创新网络的形成和创新成果的诞生。     

New technology,human resources and competitiveness in developing countries: the role of technology transfer

Technology transfer is widely seen as an important means by which developing countries can both acquire the technologies and develop the human resources needed to compete internationally. However, there are different types of technology transfer which may stimulate or inhibit local human resource development. Foreign direct investment may inhibit local human resource development unless the foreign partner is committed to the indigenous enterprise becoming internationally competitive. Technology transfer through licensing and off-the shelf purchase allows greater indigenous management autonomy which, together with the more direct exposure to international competitive forces, may be more conducive to indigenous human resource development.     

我国法定存款准备金政策操作及存在的主要问题分析

法定存款准备金政策是我国央行使用频率最高的货币政策,文章通过对央行300次的准备金率的调整探讨我国为何频繁使用法定存款准备金制度,以及自身存在的问题。     

长株潭城市群连绵区小城镇的发展模式和对策研究

连绵区小城镇的发展问题在未来一段时期内是长株潭城市群建设必须研究和解决的一项重要课题.本文研究了长株潭城市群连绵区小城镇的发展模式及发展对策.     

利益集团的博弈与房地产政策的选择

文章以重庆房地产利益集团为例,分析房地产市场中各利益主体间的博弈,特别是博弈过程中的地方政府行为,并提出了对地方政府这种行为的相应对策。