会计稳健性对盈余价值相关性的影响研究——基于公允价值计量的视角

以2001～2008年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,基于公允价值计量全面引入的视角,考察了会计稳健性对盈余价值相关性的影响,实证发现:会计稳健性显著降低了会计盈余的价值相关性,而公允价值计量显著弱化了会计稳健性对于盈余价值相关性的负向影响.研究结果表明,对于我国上市公司而言,稳健的会计政策并不意味着高质量的财务报告信息.公允价值与会计稳健性适度藕合,可以弥补会计稳健性的不足,有利于提高会计信息质量.     

董事会特征对会计稳健性的影响研究

本文通过对公司治理改革中的董事会特征对会计稳健性的影响进行研究,以期通过改善董事会的治理效率,来发挥对公司管理层有效监控的作用,提高会计盈余质量,以促进我国资本市场的健康稳定发展。     

公允价值与会计稳健性

公允价值与会计稳健性具有对立性的一面,同时具有实现相互协同的基础。一直以来,会计计量原则中关于公允价值计量和稳健性计量相互之间权衡问题受到国内外会计学术专家的关注。本文就从公允价值与会计稳健性的内涵、新会计准则下公允价值与会计稳健性应用的现状以及公允价值与会计稳健性兼顾的对策对该问题进行了分析和探讨。     

公允价值对会计稳健性影响分析——以某上市公司为例

公允价值与会计稳健性一直都是会计界备受关注的两个问题,两者的产生都与不确定性紧密相关,但两者对不确定的反映却截然不同。通过分析公允价值对会计稳健性的影响,从而发现运用公允价值对我国资本市场上会计信息质量所发生的影响,便于公允价值在我国今后的应用和发展。本文运用会计学的会计信息质量特征等理论,分析找出二者在我国存在的主要问题,再结合对某上市公司的分析,找出公允价值发展兼顾稳健性的对策。     

上市公司的盈余管理必然导致会计稳健性下降吗?

本文采用我国沪深两市2007-2014年的A股上市公司数据,研究了应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理对企业会计稳健性的影响。研究结果表明:企业向上的应计盈余管理活动和向上的真实盈余管理活动对会计稳健性具有相反的影响;企业向上的真实盈余管理活动强化了向上的应计盈余管理活动对会计稳健性的负向影响;企业向上的应计盈余管理活动强化了向上的真实盈余管理活动对会计稳健性的正向影响。因此,由于同时存在正负抵消和边际强化作用,企业实施向上的盈余管理活动并不必然导致会计稳健性下降。企业可能组合采用两种盈余管理方式进行盈余操控而同时保持会计稳健性相对稳定。     

国有产权、会计稳健性与权益资本成本——来自中国证券市场的证据

以2007～2008年上市公司为样本,实证检验了会计稳健性和权益资本成本的关系,以及国有所有权对二者关系的影响。结果表明:会计稳健性与权益资本成本负相关,而国有所有权则削弱了会计稳健性在降低权益资本成本方面的作用。     

内部控制、应计盈余管理与会计稳健性

本文从会计稳健性角度出发,实证研究内部控制有效性的经济后果。结果发现,与其他利益主体相比,公司管理层由于直接参与公司经营管理,是公司信息优势一方,同时其与其他利益主体之间的利益冲突是的其有动机和可能性进行盈余管理。而内部控制作为一项内部治理机制,对管理层机会主义行为有一定约束作用,从而有利于会计稳健性水平的提高。本文研究也表明,应计盈余管理对会计稳健性有负向,而内部控制质量的提高则有助于提高会计稳健性水平。     

会计制度变迁对会计稳健性的影响研究

会计制度质量的高低与会计稳健性之间的关系一直以来都饱受争议.财务报告的稳健型主要取决于制度环境的建设和经济发展水平,但有时会忽视了文化及准则差异.本文基于制度建设视角,对会计制度变迁与稳健性进行深入剖析,着重分析我国需要强化会计稳健性原则的原因.强化会计稳健性的外在原因包括监管盈余和评价制度,但究其根本,则是将稳健性作为改善企业盈余质量的机制以加强保护投资者利益.     

国家控股对会计稳健性的影响研究

本文从公司治理角度分析中国上市公司的会计稳健性。利用2001-2004年A股上市公司的大样本数据,实证考察了国家控股对会计稳健性的影响以及它的制度根源。我们发现,国家控股上市公司对应着更低的会计稳健性。进一步的研究表明,内部人控制、债务软约束和政府干预等三大治理弱化是抑制国有公司披露意愿、降低其盈余质量的制度根源。本研究对资本市场的监管设计具有重要的启示:单纯强调准则的改革和外部的管制,对于提高国有公司的会计信息质量只能起到"隔靴搔痒"的效果,要想根本上改善国有公司的信息质量,监管层惟有从解决"内部治理弱化"的根源入手,通过健全国有产权监督机制、深化银行体制改革以及弱化地方政府干预动机等制度变革,从治理层面真正提高国有公司自身的披露意愿。     

公司治理对会计稳健性的影响研究综述

会计稳健性是一项重要的会计惯例。本文对目前关于公司治理对会计稳健性的影响研究进行了回顾和梳理,主要包括股东、董事会、管理层三个方面,最后对未来研究方向做出展望。     

Earnings Components,Accounting Bias and Equity Valuation

In this paper we address three issues in accounting-based equity valuation: (i) How are valuation parameters related to earnings persistence and accounting conservatism when earnings components aggregate, or “add up”, in valuation? (ii) What does aggregation of earnings components in valuation imply for abnormal earnings dynamics? and (iii) When is an earnings component “irrelevant” and “core”?earnings the relevant construct for valuation? Assuming linear valuation, no-arbitrage, dividend irrelevance and clean surplus accounting, we show that when earnings components aggregate, valuation expressions and abnormal earnings dynamics are generalizations of the Ohlson (1995) model, incorporating simple adjustments for accounting conservatism. When “core” earnings are the relevant earnings construct, valuation expressions closely resemble the aggregation case, but core (abnormal) earnings replaces clean surplus (abnormal) earnings. We demonstrate that an earnings component can be irrelevant in valuation even when it is predictable.     

论公允价值与会计稳健性的兼顾

2006年财政部颁布了新的会计准则,最大的特点就是全面引入了公允价值计量属性。公允价值计量的引入,有利于提高会计信息的决策有用性和价值相关性。但是由于公允价值固有的不确定性及确认传统会计中不予确认的未实现的收益等,会对会计信息的稳健性产生影响。因此,深入系统探讨公允价值会计信息的稳健性问题,有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文从相关理论及研究文献的回顾出发,通过分析公允价值的不确定性及风险性,认为公允价值会计信息在稳健性方面存在一定的缺陷,提出通过合理确定两者使用顺序和充分披露等方法,确保公允价值信息在提高信息决策的相关性方面又能兼顾稳健性。     

资产替代、会计稳健性与债权人保护

"资产替代"是股东债权人冲突的主要表现形式之一,在实证分析中通常用过度投资来表示.稳健的会计政策能从事前和事后两方面减少股东和管理层的过度投资倾向,从而减少了债务契约中的资产替代行为,保护债权人的权益.本文的实证研究表明,截面的会计稳健性具有真实的投资效应,抑制了非理性的过度投资倾向.经过分样本的实证检验发现,会计稳健性抑制过度投资的作用只存在于非政府控制的样本中,地方政府控制削弱了会计稳健性保护债权人利益的作用.     

Accounting diversity and firm valuation

We examine accounting numbers and stock prices across three countries: Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom (UK). The accounting systems in the three countries differ in faithfulness to clean surplus accounting and in conservatism. We address three questions. First, are there systematic differences across countries in the value relevance of accounting? Second, are there systematic differences in the incremental and relative value relevance of book values and earnings per shape (EPS) across the countries? Third, do future earnings realizations (proxies for expected earnings) explain current stock prices? We find that accounting book value and EPS are significantly related to current stock prices across all three countries. German accounting numbers have the lowest relation with stock prices (R² ≈ 40%) and UK accounting numbers the highest (R² ≈ 70%), while Norwegian accounting numbers are in between (R² ≈ 60%). Second, the incremental and relative explanatory power of book value and of EPS differs across time and across countries. Book values explain more than earnings in Germany and Norway, but less in the UK. Finally, future income realization explain little about market prices not already explained by current book value and EPS.     

Applicability Of The Conservatism Accounting Convention in China: Empirical Evidence

“Conservatism” is a widely accepted accounting convention in the industrialized world, but it has long been slated and prohibited in China under the orthodox ideological influences. To date, the conservatism convention has not been fully adopted or implemented in Chinese accounting although the Chinese government has made substantial efforts to reform its accounting system to bridge the gaps between the accounting practices in China and other industrialized countries in recent years. This study has, through a wide range questionnaire survey, empirically investigated the applicability of the conservatism accounting convention in China. We found that the survey respondents (consisted of business accountants, management, government officials, bank loan officers, investment analysts and auditors), in general, held no negative attitudes against the conservatism convention under the changing business environment in the country. There is clear evidence that various interested parties of business accounting would support an expanded adoption of “conservatism” in Chinese accounting. The study findings will facilitate a proper assessment of the future development of accounting standards and practices in China.     

终极控股股东行为与会计稳健性的实证研究

本文以2003—2009年沪深A股主板上市公司为样本,采用配对检验和多元回归的方法,研究了终极控股股东与会计稳健性有效需求不足假说和利益侵占假说。研究发现:(1)终极控股股东控制权比率越高的组,会计稳健性越小,即或有控股样本公司会计稳健性高于相对控股组样本公司,而相对控股样本组公司又高于绝对控股组样本公司;(2)终极控股股东控制权与所有权分离程度越大,会计稳健性越低;(3)终极控股股东为国有性质的公司会计稳健性高于民营性质的公司。本文的研究深化了我们对新兴市场国家制度环境下会计稳健性理解,同时对进一步规范会计稳健性相关的制度安排和监管具有重要的启示和政策意义。     

The Equity Accounting Saga in Australia: Cyclical Standard Setting

Equity accounting in Australia has had a long, chequered history. This article examines that history by reference to a succession of six Exposure Drafts, one Statement of Accounting Practice and two Standards issued between 1968 and 1995. We adapt Nobes' (1991, 1992a. 1992b) cycle model of regulation to explain variation in 'standardization' across these documents. Nobes defined 'standardization' to mean the restriction of choice in accounting methods but we modify the concept to allow for measurement rule 'improvements' and changes in required disclosure levels. Nobes' cycle model has four stages: a starting point of varied practice: energy inputs, often crises, drawing attention to the issue at hand: forces opposing and forces in favour of standardization. A cycle- like pattern of variation in standardization emerges in the present context. Potential shortcomings of the cycle model are addressed, including Skerratt and Whittington's (1992) criticisms of Nobes' cycle model. The article extends the literature with respect to a cyclical explanation of the standard setting process. The cycle pattern evident here reflects a slow and incomplete resolution of various conceptual and legal difficulties in regulating equity accounting in Australia.     

从盈余管理角度论会计准则的完善

近年来,国内资本市场的盈余管理引起了越来越多的关注。过度的盈余管理影响了市场资源的优化配置,损害了投资者的利益。文章分析了现行会计准则对盈余管理的影响,进而提出了规范盈余管理、完善会计准则的建议。     

Accounting Practices and the Market Valuation of Accounting Numbers: Evidence from Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand

This study examines the relation between stock prices and accounting earnings and book values in six Asian countries: Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand. The analysis is based on a residual earnings model that expresses the value of the firm in terms of book value and residual income. The model holds for any clean surplus accounting system. However, for finite time horizons, biased accounting may affect model estimates. The six countries examined in this study differ in faithfulness to clean surplus accounting as well as bias (conservatism). The study addresses two questions. First, are there systematic differences across countries in the value relevance of accounting, and are these differences related to accounting differences? Second, are there systematic differences in the incremental and relative information content of book value per share (BVPS) and abnormal (residual) earnings per share (REPS) across the countries, and are such differences related to accounting differences? We find differences across the six countries in the explanatory power of BVPS and REPS for firm values. Explanatory power for Taiwan and Malaysia is relatively low while that for Korea and the Philippines is relatively high. These differences are generally consistent with differences in accounting practice; however, since Korean accounting practice is strongly influenced by tax law, we did not expect the high association for Korea. Second, with respect to the incremental and relative explanatory power of BVPS and REPS, we find BVPS to have high explanatory power in the Philippines and Korea but little in Taiwan. In all six countries REPS has less explanatory power than BVPS in most years. Again, the evidence may be interpreted as suggesting accounting practice affects valuation (with Korea again as the exception). Finally, we provide evidence on the sensitivity of the timing of comparisons of stock prices and accounting values. We find that comparing prices at year-end (even though annual accounting information has not been released at that time), in general, provides the highest correlation between market and accounting numbers.     

Earnings conservatism: panel data evidence from the European Union and the United States

This paper focuses on earnings conservatism, and provides new evidence based on procedures that account for variability at the firm level, drawing a comparison between the European Union and the United States. A key finding is that the estimated responsiveness of earnings to bad news is substantially higher when unobserved firm-specific effects are modelled. Furthermore, it is shown that accounting has become more conservative not only in the U.S. but also in the EU when taken as a whole, and there is little evidence of marked differences in the asymmetric timeliness of earnings between the two. Indeed, any changes in this property of earnings are likely to be attributable to a common factor that influences firms similarly in both locations, and not necessarily to the process of economic convergence that has taken place in the EU.