桥梁加固方法探讨

随着桥梁使用年限的增长以及桥梁负荷的日趋增大,我国很多桥梁均出现了破损,因此研究如何修复这些桥梁已成为当今桥梁设计的重要课题。通过对目前我国大部分桥梁修复的实例分析,桥梁加固是维修病害桥梁、提高桥梁承载能力的最基本、最常用的方法,现提出了桥梁加固的目的,论述了桥梁加固的常见方法及特点,给出了桥梁加固的方案选择和加固效果评价。     

对桥梁检修规划相关问题的探讨

桥梁检修规划包括桥梁修理规划和桥梁检查规划两部分。桥梁修理规划首先根据桥梁系统可靠度,在满足桥梁时变可靠度不低于目标可靠度的条件下,制定各种可行的修理策略,然后根据各种修理策略的费用,从中选择最优的策略。桥梁修理保证在桥梁设计使用期间内桥梁的可靠度不低于规定的限值,修理决策依据桥梁承载力退化模型和荷载模型;桥梁检查是为了进一步获得桥梁承载力和荷载的信息,从而使得修理决策依据的信息越来越充分。将预后验决策方法应用于桥梁的检修规划,确立了一种桥梁检修的规划方法。     

对桥梁检修规划相关问题的探讨

桥梁检修规划包括桥梁修理规划和桥梁检查规划两部分。桥梁修理规划首先根据桥梁系统可靠度，在满足桥梁时变可靠度不低于目标可靠度的条件下，制定各种可行的修理策略，然后根据各种修理策略的费用，从中选择最优的策略。桥梁修理保证在桥梁设计使用期间内桥梁的可靠度不低于规定的限值，修理决策依据桥梁承载力退化模型和荷载模型：桥梁检查是为了进一步获得桥梁承载力和荷载的信息，从而使得修理决策依据的信息越来越充分。将预后验决策方法应用于桥梁的检修规划，确立了一种桥梁检修的规划方法。     

桥梁的类型及施工质量控制

桥梁施工在城市道路交通建设中起到举足轻重的作用,桥梁工程对改善交通环境、方便人民生活、促进地区经济发展发挥重要作用。随着桥梁结构形式、施工特点的不同,其施工控制方法也不相同。按照结构类型及施工方法桥梁一般分为连续梁桥梁、简支梁桥梁、钢桥梁、钢—混凝土桥梁、钢筋混凝土拱桥桥梁、斜拉桥桥梁。城市桥梁工程在城市公路网中占重要地位并影响水运状况,本文主要论述市政工程中常用桥梁的分类,重点阐述各类桥梁施工中的质量控制要点。     

桥梁的类型及施工质量控制

桥梁施工在城市道路交通建设中起到举足轻重的作用,桥梁工程对改善交通环境、方便人民生活、促进地区经济发展发挥重要作用。随着桥梁结构形式、施工特点的不同,其施工控制方法也不相同。按照结构类型及施工方法桥梁一般分为连续梁桥梁、简支梁桥梁、钢桥梁、钢—混凝土桥梁、钢筋混凝土拱桥桥梁、斜拉桥桥梁。城市桥梁工程在城市公路网中占重要地位并影响水运状况,本文主要论述市政工程中常用桥梁的分类,重点阐述各类桥梁施工中的质量控制要点。     

桥梁养护过程中的成本与可靠度分析

现阶段,桥梁结构及质量问题受到了广泛关注。因此,本文对桥梁养护过程中的成本与可靠度进行分析,将研究重点侧重为桥梁维修养护与桥梁成本的比值。在桥梁可靠度理论上建立相关成本效益分析模型,将桥梁维护方案进行对比与选择。在充分保证桥梁的质量及耐久性的前提下,控制桥梁养护成本,将桥梁养护资金得以更加合理的利用,并积极将桥梁养护过程朝着良性循环的方向发展。     

对桥梁检修规划相关问题的探讨

桥梁检修规划包括桥梁修理规划和桥梁检查规划两部分.桥梁修理规划首先根据桥梁系统可靠度,在满足桥梁时变可靠度不低于目标可靠度的条件下,制定各种可行的修理策略,然后根据各种修理策略的费用,从中选择最优的策略.桥梁修理保证在桥梁设计使用期间内桥梁的可靠度不低于规定的限值,修理决策依据桥梁承载力退化模型和荷载模型:桥梁检查是为了进一步获得桥梁承载力和荷载的信息,从而使得修理决策依据的信息越来越充分.将预后验决策方法应用于桥梁的检修规划,确立了一种桥梁检修的规划方法.     

浅析桥梁检修规划的方法与步骤

桥梁检查的目的是用检查获得的信息更新先验的桥梁抗力退化模型和桥梁荷载模型，桥梁检查的效益为依据先验信息的桥梁修理规划相比于依据后验信息的桥梁修理规划的费用损失。因为桥梁检查在将来的某时刻能够获得什么样的信息是随机的，所以在时间的零点对桥梁检查进行规划时用检查变量的先验分布预测将来可能的值，用将来可能的值计算桥梁抗力退化模型和桥梁荷载模型的后验分布（称为预后验分布），从而在预后验决策分析框架下桥梁检查的效益为依据先验信息的桥梁修理规划相比于依据预后验信息的桥梁修理规划的期望损失。     

对桥梁检修规划相关问题的探讨

桥梁检修规划包括桥梁修理规划和桥梁检查规划两部分。桥梁修理规划首先根据桥梁系统可靠度,在满足桥梁时变可靠度不低于目标可靠度的条件下,制定各种可行的修理策略,然后根据各种修理策略的费用,从中选择最优的策略。桥梁修理保证在桥梁设计使用期间内桥梁的可靠度不低于规定的限值,修理决策依据桥梁承载力退化模型和荷载模型;桥梁检查是为了进一步获得桥梁承载力和荷载的信息,从而使得修理决策依据的信息越来越充分。将预后验决策方法应用于桥梁的检修规划,确立了一种桥梁检修的规划方法。     

简述静力试验方法在桥梁承载力评估中的应用

大批桥梁进入老化期,桥梁结构的安全问题已成为社会关注的热点.为了确保桥梁结构的安全,本文结合桥梁检测实例,简要阐述桥梁结构的静力试验方法在桥梁承载力评估中的应用.     

Developments in human resource management in manufacturing in modern Britain

In this paper, developments in human resource management in manufacturing in modern Britain based on a national sample are examined. The organization and role of human resource management, employee involvement, training and development, work practices and rewards are all targeted for an assessment of current practices. This is a prelude for a contrast between manufacturing and non-manufacturing. The conclusion is that the similarities between manufacturing and non-manufacturing substantially outweigh the differences. By inference, too, developments in human resource management practices are likely to reflect changes in the broader environment of businesses (and differences between companies) rather than being specific to the main industrial sectors.     

关于高职院校数学教学中开放题的有关问题初探

本文着重于讲解在高职院校数学教学中常出现的几种开放题,对它们的解法加以研究,归纳其一般思路、解法及其解答技巧,希望能有助于今后高职院校数学教学研究活动,供参考之用。     

我国电子商务物流模式及选择因素探析

通过分析我国电子商务物流的现状,对当前我国电子商务发展可以选择的物流模式进行分析,最后提出我国电子商务企业进行物流模式选择时所需考虑的因素,以期为我国电子商务企业的发展提供参考。     

Entrepreneurial Brokers in Disaster Response Network in Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines

Abstract

Entrepreneurial brokers play a major role in governance networks in a disaster response setting. By identifying patterns of interactions between members in a network of embedded ties, we can explore the strategic use of brokers to mobilize an effective coordination system in the case of the 2013 Philippines disaster. Empirical data were gathered from reported interactions beginning 2 days after Typhoon Haiyan for the following 4 weeks. This paper concludes with practical-based recommendations for international and local agencies to enhance their organizational competencies to serve as entrepreneurial brokers in emergency management.     

坚持以人为本是企业管理之道

随着科学技术的迅速发展，现代企业管理较之过去发生了巨大变化，能不能坚持以人为本的管理，关系到企业能否搞好经营活动，关系到现代企业制度能否顺利建成。     

南京市人口空间变动分析

在1990年到2000年的两次全国人口普查期间,我国的一些大城市已经出现了明显的郊区化现象,某些城市的中心区人口明显减少而近郊区人口迅速增加.与此相比,南京市主城区的人口规模尚未整体下降,但从微观层面来看,中心区的一些街道的人口已经开始减少,而人口增长最快的街区也主要集中在距离中心点5-10 km的近郊地区.     

Tackling age discrimination in employment in Singapore

In a country with an ageing work-force, a decline in the number of new entrants to the labour market and an acute labour shortage, it would be reasonable to assume that employers would encourage older workers to remain in employment for as long as possible. In the case of Singapore, however, private sector employers often retired employees at age 55 and hired younger workers in their place. In many cases older workers re-hired had to accept lower pay and lower grade jobs. In an attempt to tackle this sort of age discrimination in employment, the government passed the Retirement Age Act in 1993. Prior to its enactment, the government urged employers to raise the retirement age voluntarily, but the response was poor, especially in the non-unionized sector. This paper argues that employers resisted the extension of the retirement age because they perceived older workers in stereotypical terms. The main issues which gave rise to the Retirement Age legislation are discussed. So also is the possible impact of the legislation on some HRM practices. The paper also proposes some future directions for research on older workers in Singapore.     

Trends in local government in Europe

Abstract

The article explores which reform trends are expected to play a significant role in the further development of local government in European countries. Analysis is based on an adopted Delphi survey of (mainly academic) local government experts from thirty-two countries. Results include a list of trends structured by the perceived importance for the coming ten years. Redistributing responsibilities and duties across levels of government constitute the highest ratings out of all trends. Furthermore, results do not provide clear evidence to support a shift from public management to governance as has recently been proclaimed in academic debate and literature. Management topics continue to be of great importance. Last but not least, clusters extracted point to different reform groups, which highlight more reluctant or enthusiastic attitudes to the relevance of the suggested trends of the study.     

浅析我国在施工阶段BIM应用中的存在问题及对策

BIM的出现为建设行业的信息化带来了新的发展,其在施工阶段的应用在减少成本、缩短工期、保证质量等方面都发挥着不可小觑的作用,可大大提高建设工程项目的价值。我国建设行业虽然逐渐认识到了BIM的价值,也致力于发展BIM,但是由于发展初期的各种原因,BIM在建设施工阶段的应用存在各种问题,这些问题使得BIM在施工阶段的应用价值不能得到很好的体现,严重阻碍了BIM在施工阶段的应用发展。本文基于我国在建设施工阶段的BIM应用情况,分析了建设施工阶段BIM应用中存在的一些问题,并提出了一些解决的方向。     

Sex discrimination in selection and compensation in Taiwan

This article describes the current status of women in the workplace in Taiwan. Statistical evidence shows sex segregation in the labour market. Discriminatory practices in the hiring process are documented via a content analysis of 7,037 classified ads. Overtly discriminatory actions, such as blatantly stated gender requirements in the classified ads, are shown to be still common in hiring practices. Census data on a gender gap in compensation shows that women in Taiwan evidently get less pay than men do for the same work. The ratio of female to male employees is significantly and negatively correlated with the ratio of female to male in pay. The higher the percentages of women in an industry, the lower the pay women get compared to men. Also, the ratio of female to male in pay is negatively related to the turnover rate. Companies that pay women fairly tend to enjoy lower turnover rates. The implications of these women's issues in human resource management in Taiwan are presented.