TiO2纳米管的制备及其在太阳能电池中的应用

首次以电化学沉积法制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列为模板,采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了TiO₂纳米管阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等技术对样品的结构、表面形貌及组成进行了表征。研究了电解液浓度对ZnO薄膜表面形态的影响,溶胶陈化时间对TiO₂结构的影响。并将TiO₂纳米管阵列作为太阳能电池的阳极,研究其光电转化效率。结果表明：ZnCl₂浓度为0.015 mol/L时沉积的ZnO质量较高,以该条件下制备的ZnO为模板,在陈化时间为12 h下可制备出尺寸均一,结构较好的有序TiO₂纳米管阵列。将陈化时间为12 h条件下制备的TiO₂纳米管阵列组装至太阳能电池中,电池的效率可高达40%。     

超强酸催化剂MoO_3/ZrO_2-SiO_2的表征及活性评价

用浸渍法成功制得固体超强酸催化剂MoO3/ZrO2-SiO2,通过XRD、BET、TEM和DSC-TG等方法对其形貌结构和性能方面进行表征,发现此种催化剂主要以无定型形态存在且热稳定性良好。通过酯化反应找到它的最佳制备工艺条件pH值为10,陈化时间2h,活性物质浸渍2h后在850K温度下焙烧3h,活性组分的负载量为6%。     

超声波法制备纳米硫酸钡影响因素分析

采用超声波法制备纳米硫酸钡,考察了加料方式、反应介质、反应物浓度、超声功率比、超声反应时间、反应温度对粒径的影响。采用激光粒度仪和扫描电子显微镜对产品的粒径、形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明,以无水乙醇作为反应介质,硫酸钠与氯化钡的浓度均为0.25mol/L,采用等体积同时加料方式,超声功率比为40%,反应温度为30℃,超声反应时间为15min,制得的纳米硫酸钡平均粒径为55nm,粒度分布窄,形貌呈不规则球形。     

纳米氢氧化镁的表面改性研究

为了改善粉体的分散性和与高分子材料的相容性,本文选用价格适宜的脂肪酸作为改性剂对纳米氢氧化镁进行改性处理,重点考察改性条件对纳米氢氧化镁表面活性和性能的影响。实验结果表明:硬脂酸和硬脂酸钠是纳米氢氧化镁较理想的表面改性剂。当硬脂酸或硬脂酸钠用量为纳米氢氧化镁质量的5%,温度为85℃时,改性后纳米氢氧化镁的活化指数可达到100%,吸油量变小,分散性提高。     

氢氧化镁的制备与应用

文章结合化工生产实际,论述了氢氧化镁的制备和实际的应用情况,列举的生产工艺过程,对我国进行超细氢氧化镁的研究和开发提出了建议。     

叶丝加料工艺连批生产模式的设计与应用

为解决规格牌号集中生产时,每批断料间隔时间较长,造成批次料头料尾增加,单箱耗丝居高不下等问题,分析烟草叶丝加料工艺,提出基于叶丝加料工艺的连批生产模式。在保证同牌号的基础上,将批次的运行和设备的启停分离,计量统计也不能影响单批次的质量分析。结果证明:连批生产模式能够适应生产需要,每天可节省1 h时间,出丝率提高0.56%,过程质量更加稳定,能耗降低明显,全年节省500余万元。     

加香加料设备精度异常原因分析及改进方法

针对制丝线加香加料手算精度偏高问题,对加香加料系统进行分析。通过改造管路设计、重新选型加香加料泵、调整PLC程序和PID值等措施,平均手算加香加料精度由之前的2.68%下降到0.35%,提高了加香加料精度,保证了产品质量的稳定。     

烟草制造企业加香加料系统设备优化

烟草加香加料系统存在清洗水易窜路造成水料混合的隐患、料液牌号和在制品牌号通过人工比对有加错料隐患、加香加料系统故障时无预警持续生产造成批次质量不合格的隐患,这些隐患一旦发生往往会造成上万公斤原料的报废,酿成重大质量事故,为企业带来重大经济损失。通过管路改进和优化控制程序,解决了加香加料系统存在的质量安全隐患,实现了加料过程故障自动预警,极大提高了加香加料系统质量控制安全性,实现了加料质量控制过程零差错。     

Cu2O/PI复合材料的制备与可见光催化性能

为了弥补聚酰亚胺(PI)作为光催化材料的缺陷,采用与氧化亚铜(Cu_2O)复合的方法制备复合光催化剂,增强其光催化性能。首先用溶液聚合的方式,制备了聚酰胺酸(PAA);将PAA浸泡在乙酸铜溶液中进行离子交换;最后在真空烘箱中热处理制备了Cu_2O/PI复合材料。采用SEM,TEM,FTIR,XRD和BET等测试方法对材料的形貌、微观结构和组成进行研究,通过UV-Vis DRS,PL和EIS等方法表征了材料的光电性能,以对硝基苯酚还原反应为模型,考察了Cu_2O/PI复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,Cu_2O显著提高了PI基体对可见光的吸收和光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,对模型反应具有高效催化效果,催化活性较纯PI明显提高。当Cu_2O的质量分数为1%,热处理温度为275℃,热处理时间为2 h时,光催化的活性最好。研究为合成PI基高效光催化剂提供了方法依据。     

纤维状氢氧化镁阻燃剂的研究进展

综述纤维状氢氧化镁的结构、性质、合成方法,并介绍其表面改性技术,包括表面改性处理方法,改性剂的种类与应用,改性效果的检测等.纤维状氢氧化镁的合成方法有直接沉淀法、反向沉淀法、沉淀转换法、水热法、溶剂热法,另外还有液一固电弧放电法、液相脉冲激光烧蚀法等.以菱镁矿为原料,制备纤维状氢氧化镁阻燃剂的研究,国内外鲜有报道,对其开展研究将具有十分重要的意义.     

海藻生物肥的研制

以天然海藻为主要原料,配以少量的氢氧化钾,在高压下进行水解,经固液分离等步骤制得天然、有机、高效、多功能海藻生物肥产品。通过正交试验确定的最佳水解条件如下:水解温度为120℃,水解时间为6 h,50 g洗净的干海藻加KOH 5 g,水180 mL。经检测分析,实验样品的质量指标达到了有关企业标准的要求,其植物生长素等活性物质的质量分数达到了195×10-6。     

洛伐他汀母液回收工艺研究

研究了洛伐他汀母液回收的工艺条件,对结晶母液进行开环处理,将其转化为溶于水的盐,然后采用大孔树脂吸附的方法除去大部分杂质,再进行溶媒结晶。结果表明,洛伐他汀母液平均回收率为65%,母液粉平均含量(质量分数)为72%。工艺过程简单,收率高,适用于工业化生产。     

磷酸二氢钾的制备工艺

综述了生产磷酸二氢钾的各种方法,认为以磷酸与氯化钾为原料和以碳酸氢铵、磷酸、氯化钾为原料生产磷酸二氢钾工艺路线在工业上是有利的。两条路线均存在原料易得、操作简便、收率≥95%、成本低、副产品能全部回收、无环境污染等优点。以磷酸与氯化钾为原料路线,需采用能避免腐蚀、利于氯化氢排出的专用设备,但所得KH2PO4质量好,w(KH2PO4)≥98%,w(Cl-)≤0 2%。以碳酸氢铵、磷酸、氯化钾为原料路线,设备简单、投资少,但KH2PO4质量分数一次性仅达92%～98%,质量较差。     

汽油降硫助剂在催化裂化装置中的应用

为解决催化汽油硫含量高的问题,满足产品质量升级的要求,中海石油炼化有限责任公司惠州炼油分公司120万t/a催化裂化装置自2010-05-24到2010-09-03试用了Grace Division公司提供的GSR5-HZ降硫助剂,考察了该助剂的降硫效果.工业应用结果表明:该降硫助剂流化性能及稳定性能较好,与主催化剂CG...     

Lead Users and Early Adopters on the Web: The Role of New Technology Product Blogs*

Lead users and early adopters are often blogging or reading and commenting on blogs. Blogs, which are characterized by postings, links, and readers' comments, create a virtual “community” of blogger and readers. Members self‐select, and then the community gels around a theme or idea, product, industry, hobby, or any other subject. While community creation is one chief function of blogs, the information‐sharing, entertainment, or self‐ or value‐expressive functions are also important. Thus, new product development (NPD) managers can glean a great deal of information about what these audiences are thinking. The significance of blogging to NPD managers also lies in the shift of focus from being separate from to being immersed in these communities. Immersion enhances the potential of close relationships, sharing experiences, and co‐creating value with blogging communities through innovation. The focus of the study is on the roles of blogs in new product development, and an exploratory content analysis of new technology product blog postings is described. The goal was to examine what blogs actually say (and don't say) and to classify content based on the core elements of the marketing mix: product (including attributes and service aspects); price (including price comparisons); channel; and promotion. The bulk of the content was in the product category: for example, features (mentioned by 87.14%); overall evaluations (52.86%); performance (28.57%); compatibility (27.14%); ease of use (20%); and style (17.14%). About half discussed price, and about half discussed some channel aspect. The content is analyzed in detail, and implications for NPD mangers are discussed. People voluntarily join new product blogging communities, and if the manager of that product is not “present” (at least as an observer of this “straw poll”) an entire new product marketing agenda can be set by the community. Implicitly or explicitly, blogs can position the value proposition of the product in a prime target audience's mind. Such positioning could be advantageous or catastrophic as far as the NPD manager is concerned.     

沙漏形碳酸钡粒子的制备

以氯化钡、尿素、氢氧化钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)和淀粉为原料,通过络合与均相沉淀法成功合成了沙漏形晶体,并应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外分析仪(IR)对样品进行了检测和表征.结果表明:添加EDTA和淀粉对碳酸钡晶形有着显著影响,由此得到沙漏形亚微米级碳酸钡晶体,所得晶体纯度较高,分散性...     

合成对二氧环己酮

从工业化的制备角度考虑,通过对工艺路线的选择,确定了工业化合成对二氧环己酮(PDO)单体的最佳工艺路线——由β-羟基乙氧基乙酸盐合成,以氢氧化钠、乙二醇、氯乙酸钠为起始原料,合成的β-羟基乙氧基乙酸钠收率可达80.8%。通过对工艺条件的优化,确定了合成PDO关键步骤的最优条件,即盐酸与β-羟基乙氧基乙酸盐物质的量比为0.95∶1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为40 min时,产物PDO收率最高。对产物的定性和定量分析表明,通过实验得到了PDO产品,最高收率可达66.2%,但纯度还未达到聚合条件,以后还需对其纯化方法作进一步的探索和研究。     

四丁基氢氧化铵制备方法及应用

四丁基氢氧化铵是一种强有机季铵碱,也是一种多用途的化学品.介绍了四丁基氢氧化铵的多种制备方法以及作为相转移催化剂、分子筛模板剂、极谱分析试剂的应用现状,并对其制备方法进行了展望,认为离子交换法是较理想的制备方法,是一种绿色低碳环保经济的生产工艺.     

The Performance Impact of Content and Process in Product Innovation Charters

The significance of product innovation charters (PICs) cannot be overemphasized, as they provide understanding and a tool for setting organizational goals, charting strategic direction, and allocating resources for new product portfolios. In a unique way, a PIC represents a sort of mission statement mutation for new products. With the backdrop of strategy formulation and product innovation literatures, this article investigates the impact of both content specificity within PICs and satisfaction with the PIC formulation process on new product performance in North American corporations. A survey was undertaken among executives knowledgeable about their organization's new product development process. The respondents included chief executive officers, vice presidents, directors, and managers. The findings demonstrate that significant differences exist both in PIC content specificity and process satisfaction between highly innovative and low innovative firms. The study also shows that PIC specificity in terms of the factors mission content and strategic directives positively influences new product performance. Further, the study demonstrates that satisfaction with the process of formulating PICs plays a positive and powerful mediating role in the PIC specificity–performance relationship. The results suggest that product innovation charters, like their mission statement cousins, may be of more value than most managers realize. The study shows that achieving a state of organizational satisfaction with a PIC's formulation process is critical for obtaining better new product performance. Directions for future research also are suggested.     

Overt searchers' responses to advertising

The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of prospective buyers of an industrial product on awareness and recall of a particular advertising campaign. The two groups were: (a) overt searchers - operationally defined as those who had made inquiries about the product, and (b) random prospects - randomly selected from local industrial directories. According to the Howard and Sheth model, it is expected that overt searchers would exhibit greater awareness and knowledge of the advertising campaign than would the random prospects. The results indicated, however, that overt searchers scored higher than random prospects only on awareness. Indeed, they seemed to have poorer recall of the content of the advertisements. The authors provide an explanation for this unexpected result.