外贸资讯

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Message from the Chief Editor

On the first anniversary of the first issue of Ecological Economy, please accept our sincere greetings and best wishes for the New Year. In the past year, whether you read and contributed to Ecological Economyor made criticism and proposals for us, we are grateful for your active participation. On behalf of all the members of the editorial office, I＇d like to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your great support and encouragement, and your concern for Ecological Economy, Specially,     

Message from the Managing Editor

Once again Christmas is coming to us and anotheryear is about to depart. On behalf of all the members ofthe Editorial Office, I＇d like to express our appreciationsto authors, readers and others concerned for EcologicalEconomy for your great support and encouragement. Withthe coming of the New Year, please accept our sinceregreetings and best wishes. In the past year, whether youread and contributed or made criticism and proposals forus, we are grateful for your active participation. Specially,I would like to take this opportunity to thank interna-tional friends：     

Call for Papers

Dear author,
China-USA Business Review and Chinese Business Review are international, scholarly and peer-reviewed journals （print and online） published monthly by David Publishing Company, Chicago, IL, USA, this journal is regularly published by China National Publication Import ＆ Export Corporation on commission. If you have the idea of making our joumal a vehicle for your research interests, please sent electronic version of your paper to us.     

Message from the Managing Editor

Once again the new year is coming to us and another year is about to depart.On behalf of all the members of the Editorial Offi ce,I’d like to express our appreciations to authors,readers and others concerned for Ecological Economy for your great support and encouragement.With the coming of the New Year,please accept our sincere greetings and best wishes.In the past year,whether you read     

外贸资讯

以下信息由联合国贸易网络北京中心UN Trade Point Beijing(http://www.tpbjc.gov.cn)提供,更多详细信息,请与我们联系。电话:010-58260958香港求购苯(甲)酸钠Please quote your best fob price for sodium benzoate,along with specifications,packing,loading port,capacityin fcl,delivey time etc.Company:A.T.Inter Co.Ltd.Phone:852-2103-9887Fax:852-2103-9695Homepage:http://sterr.en.ec21.comContact:John Smith印度求购用过的烹饪油、废弃蔬菜油We are regular importers of used cooking oil,waste vegetable oils and …     

Message from the Deputy Editors

The New Year is around the corner. We＇d like to extend our new year＇s greetings to all friends and wish everyone good health and happiness. Also, we＇d like to express our appreciations to authors, readers and others concerned for Ecological Economy for your great support and encouragement. With the coming of the New Year, please accept our sincere greetings and best wishes.     

Call for Papers:The 3rd Annual Xiamen University International Workshop on Experimental Economics and Finance

<正>December 15-16,2012 Xiamen,ChinaWang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics(WISE)and the MOE Key Laboratory in Econometrics at Xiamen University http://wise.xmu.edu.cn/meetings/Experimental2012/We are pleased to     

生态预算:一种城市环境管理模型

I. The reasons for the establishment of eco-budget It is one of the biggest challenges for us to develop with scarce resources at the beginning of this century. Local governments are at the forefront to meet the serious challenge. When we talk about scarce resources, we often think of finances. However, the lack of environmental re- sources goes far beyond the shortage of finance and personnel. In 1990s, the development of new mechanisms for the public management models aimed at achieving pro…     

Living, learning and relaxing in a safe and beautiful bay

Everyone living or working in Torbay is entitled to a good quality of life . All the partnerships and organi- zations have committed themselves to work together to improve Torbay. This is Torbay' s community plan for the coming three years .It has been developed and prepared by us , the Torbay Strategic Partnership, on behalf of the people living and working in Torbay. We consulted the people of Torbay when we were preparing it . SAFETY In recent years , Torbay has achieved some of the …     

The Value of Clean Air in China： Evidence from Beijing and Shanghai

We estimate the willingness to pay （WTP） of Beijing and Shanghai residents for improving the air quality of the two cities from their levels prior to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games to the level achieved during the Olympics. The data are obtained from a contingent valuation study conducted through face-to-face interviews in June 2008 in Beijing and Shanghai prior to the Beijing Olympics, during which time there was intensive debate about Beijing＇s air quality. Residents in both cities are willing to pay more when they are more exposed to air pollution, when their disposable income increases, and when they have stronger beliefs that public opinion plays an important role in government policy making. Beijing residents are willing to pay more than Shanghai residents, due possibly to Beijing＇s poorer air quality. Overall, aggregate WTP for air quality improvement accounts for about 0.53% of the 2008 GDP in Beijing and 0.22% of the 2008 GDP in Shanghai.     

Topology of economic systems

An economic topology can have many uses to the academician, student and practitioner. Refining a topology of economic systems helps to bring together seemingly disparate characteristics and to point out potential long run trends. The progression of economic systems over time and also brief explanations of each system are given. We argue that most modem economic systems have some remnants of earlier forms, that is, most economies today are some mixture of what might be considered pure systems. Measurable characteristics to identify a particular system are developed that allows progress to or from a particular classification to be charted for individual countries.     

Inspections and Information Disclosure： Quality Regulations with Incomplete Enforcement

The weak enforcement and monitoring systems employed in China （e.g., insufficient inspection resources and negligible fines for noncompliance） are widely blamed for the growing unrest over food safety in the country. Given this development, we consider a model where quality inspection performed by agencies is a means of disclosing information on product quality. We analyze the price-quality equilibrium scheme and show that a higher probability of inspection leads to lower price premiums attached to qualified products. We further investigate the welfare effect of minimum quality standards and inspection efforts and show that they should be complementary. We finally suggest that a state dependent inspection strategy, such as not inspecting those firms that have previously been found to be noncompliant, will enhance social welfare.     

Social spatial changes： Booster for a new regional policy——The event of Silao and Romita counties in Guanajuato Mexico

Today, one of the most important phenomenons is the movement of Capital and the expansion of its investments, as well as the use of resources worldwide. The movement of Capital, is changing the local space and the territories, because is not a homogeneous process; they are not in the same way and rhythm, this is because they don＇t get in the same way to global dynamics. The reorganization of the world, because the movements in Capital is a challenge, that is why, the analysis of regions demand new and different views, to boost regional development. We can tell that since a long time ago, had been developing theories and proposals not good enough, for this reason we must think to generate new proposals. The goal of this paper, is to expose the social and territorial changes in Silao and Romita Counties in the state of Guanajuato Mexico, as a result of the relocation of economic activities that lead us to start a new regional policy, that gives more satisfactory results and think about a regional policy that could reflex about territorial development focuses, specially for a public policy.     

Deepening the economic reform from the relationship between man and nature

Since 1978, China has gained worldwide shin- ing achievements following the idea of seeking the truth of the fact to carry out economic reform for over 20 years. From the relationship between hu- man being and nature, the economic development has entered a new era, eco-era. The new era re- quires us to further deepen economic reform from the relationship of human being and nature while we are keeping on economic reform based on the relationship between human beings so as to realize sustainable…     

Contracts in the payments for ecosystem services： the case of bioprospecting

We examine the economics of royalties in bioprospecting contracts between a pharmaceutical and genetic resource supplier （local）, with an eve to understanding the relative advantages of indexing royalty, payments to gross revenue or net revenue. We show a risk-averse firm facing only production or only cost risks will index royalties to net revenue. When facing both types of risk the choice of royalty type depends on the relative magnitudes of the production and cost risk. In each case, the risk-averse firm chooses the royalty-type that shifts as much risk as possible to the local. Wheat the local is risk neutral the pharmaceutical＇s and local＇s preferences are compatible.If the local is risk averse and there is only one type of risk, it will prefer a gross revenue royalty, and shift as much risk as possible to the firm： here the local and firm preferences are compatible only ifthe firm is risk-neutral. Lastly we show if the firm sets the terms of the contract and both agents are risk averse, the.firm will not likely volunteer to implement the socially optimal royalty arrangement as it prefers to shift as much risk to the loeal, who now also prefers a more certain return, This last outcome is at the heart of the benefit sharing discussionand suggests if risk sharing and equity are a concern in benefit sharing, then the choice of rcyalty type can be an important part of negotiations between pharmaceuticals and locals for the phytochemical from nature for new drug discovery.     

After-market liquidity and IPOs underpricing： Evidence from Shari＇ah and non Shari＇ah-based firms

The underpricing of initial public offerings （IPOs） is generally explained with asymmetric information and risk. We complement these traditional explanations with a new theory proposed by Ellul and Pagano （2006） where investors worry also about the after-market illiquidity that may result from asymmetric information after the IPO. The less liquid the after-market is expected to be, the larger will be the IPO underpricing. The samples are the 41 IPOs carried out between 2001-2005. The samples are 7 Shari＇ah-based firms and 34 non Shariah-based firms. Shariah-based firms are those included in Jakarta Islamic Index （JII）, at least one period （one semester）. Regression results show that the relationship between after-market liquidity and underpricing is insignificant unless we use trading frequency as proxy for liquidity for non Shariah-based firms.     

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Some say Timisoara is the Romanian Shanghai.I say we can do even better!

Even if the geographical distance between Timisoara and China is significant ,I can assure youthat our interest inthe changes that has happenedinthe recent years in your societyis very high.So are our expectations inthe direction of devel- opment you choose totake . We experienced for a half of century a political systemsimilar to yours :communism.But ,Timisoara was the first Ro- manian cityliberated by dictatorship,in December 1989 .That is why we fully understand boththe experiences this …     

Emergy evaluation of the artificial forest ecosystems in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir：a case study for ecosystems valuation and environmental management

To build the artificial forest ecosystem is the major eco-economic development model in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir. It is very important to evaluate the benefits of those ecosystems. Emergy theories are very helpful for us to establish a science-based assessment framework. Emergy evaluation of the artificial forest ecosystems in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir is used to asses the relative values of several ecological functions （sometimes called ecosystem services） and main ecosystem storages （sometimes called natural capital）. The main driving energies, internal processes and storages are evaluated. The main functions, including transpiration, GPP and infiltration, are evaluated, which are 609em$/ha/yr, 6,245em$/ha/yr and 340em$/ha/yr respectively. The total values of major environmental services are 4,683em$/ha/yr in the artificial forest ecosystem. The main storages of natural capital including live biomass, soil moisture, organic matter, underground water and landform are estimated, which are 112,028em$/ha, 9em$/ha, 40,718em$/ha, 34em$/ha and 6,400,514em$/ha respectively. The largest value is landform, which accounts for 97.7% of these calculated total emdollar values. The concept of replacement value is explored using the emergy values of both ecosystem services and natural capital. The total calculated replacement values are 302,160em$/ha.