企业失信行为的影响因素研究

首先介绍我国企业信用评级整体状况,然后基于制度经济学、产业经济学理论找出可能影响企业失信行为的制度因素、产业因素,再根据1125家企业的失信行为数据,通过Logistics模型检验这些因素与企业发生失信行为的关系。结果显示,引入第三方专业信用机构、发展综合性行业协会都将大大降低企业发生失信行为的概率。     

Accrual Output‐Based Budgeting Systems in Australia — A Great Leap Backwards?

The widespread and increasing adoption of accrual output-based budgeting (AOBB) systems has often been preceded by considerable rhetorical fanfare. However, little convincing evidence has been produced to support claims made in favour of this budgeting technique. This paper argues that idealised portrayals of AOBB systems are unlikely to reflect operational reality, and that there are grounds for concern that in some jurisdictions what is painted as a reform may in fact be a retrograde step.     

Pegged Exchange Rate Regimes—A Trap?

We analyze the role of an exchange rate peg as a commitment mechanism to achieve inflation stability when multiple equilibria are possible. We show that there are ex ante large gains from choosing a more conservative regime not only in order to mitigate inflation bias from time inconsistency but also to avoid high inflation equilibria. In these circumstances, using a pegged exchange rate as an anti-inflation commitment device can create a "trap" whereby the regime initially confers gains in anti-inflation credibility but ultimately results in an exit occasioned by a big enough adverse real shock that creates large welfare losses to the economy.     

Accounting Regulation and Management Discretion—A Case Note

This article explores the manipulation of published financial reports in order to counter the potentially unfavourable impact of newly introduced regulation. In this case the reported capital ratio of a major British building society was enhanced using a sale and leaseback transaction with a related party and a change in depreciation policy, methods which reflected limited alternatives. Analysis of the case is set in the context of the sector and addresses the questions of whether these manipulations were within then‐prevailing generally accepted accounting principles and why, despite disclosure in the society's financial statements, they failed to attract public comment or concern, regulatory action or an audit qualification. In examining a major British mutual financial organization we depart from traditional analyses of managerial discretion in accounting choices in British companies.     

Brand India—Where Next? A Panel Discussion

Three large‐company top executives, a prominent journalist, and a representative of India's Ministry of Tourism discuss the country's recent transformation into “the world's fastest‐growing, free‐market democracy.” Much of the discussion concerns the recent accomplishments of Indian companies and executives, both those working inside the country and the many who have risen to prominence outside it. But the recent rise of India is more than a matter of economic success. Brand India is also, in the words of one panelist, “a soft brand as well as a hard brand… It is not only about efficiency, but about democracy and reverence for learning and the past, about art and architecture, and Bollywood and yoga, all of which have a cultural and even a spiritual dimension.” As for India's material progress, journalist Vir Sanghvi traces the origins of India's recent economic growth back to 1991, the year the country launched its ambitious program of economic liberalization. In this view, the Indian success story is one that begins with the opening up of markets, a gradual (though uneven) privatization of industry, and increased foreign investment. These are the main contributors to India's recent burst of economic growth, which in turn has generated the tax revenues necessary to fund large‐scale spending on education and healthcare. But whether the rate of economic growth and social progress accomplished by this combination of private‐sector growth and public spending can be maintained will depend heavily on a political process that has often been hostile to the ideas of free markets, privatization, and foreign investment.     

Pricing and Indirect Cost Allocation — A Note

Companies that use cost-based pricing usually allocate indirect costs to their products. An inherent problem with this is that, while product prices are a function of the total cost, indirect cost allocation methods based on revenues depend on the product prices. This paper shows how to simultaneously determine unique product prices (with unequal markup rates) and cost allocations using the relative revenue method.     

A data set for modeling claims processes—TSA claims data

This data insight highlights the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) claims data as an underused data set that would be particularly useful to researchers developing statistical models to analyze claim frequency and severity. Individuals who have been injured or had items damaged, lost or stolen may make a claim for losses to the TSA. The federal government reports information on every claim from 2002 to 2017 at https://www.dhs.gov/tsa-claims-data . Information collected includes claim date and type and site as well as closed claim amount and disposition (whether it was approved in full, denied, or settled. We provide summary statistics on the frequency and the severity of the data for the years 2003 to 2015. The data set has several unique features including severity is not truncated (there is no deductible), there are significant mass points in the severity data, and the frequency data shows a high degree of auto correlation if compiled on a weekly basis, and substantial frequency mass points at zero for daily data.