旅客满意差异化——中国铁路客运营销的战略选择

2007年4月18日,我国铁路进行了第6次大提速,使主要干线时速达到了200公里/小时。与此同时,铁路再次调图,在城市圈和中心城市之间开行国产动车组,扩大了铁路的运输能力。伴随而来的是社会各界对铁路旅客运输服务质量提高的呼声。这表明,中国铁路旅客运输服务实施旅客满意差异化战略的时代已经到来。一、铁路旅客运输的速度和深度铁路旅客运输的产品核心是把乘客运送     

铁路短途客运的市场定位及对策

针对铁路短途客运市场份额的日益减少,提出铁路短途旅客运输应在经济发达地区重点发展城际客运、市郊运输和假日旅游运输等的市场定位,以及培育短途客运市场主体、建立短途运价机制、加快铁路基础设施建设,发挥优势、开创品牌、优质服务、加大宣传等发展对策。     

基于平衡计分卡的铁路旅客运输绩效审计指标体系的构建

利用平衡计分卡从客户、财务、内部流程、学习与成长4个维度出发,设计了25个指标,构建铁路旅客运输绩效审计指标体系,对旅客运输服务进行评价与分析。提出铁路旅客运输绩效审计指标体系在实际运用过程中,应结合我国铁路发展现状,根据具体情况合理分配不同维度指标权重、注重铁路客运服务总目标与绩效审计目标一致、保证绩效审计指标体系数据来源真实合理、建立健全铁路系统相关法规、加强审计人才储备等建议。     

我国铁路客运市场特点及客运专线客流组织原则研究

旅客运输需求是我国铁路客运专线运输组织与经营管理的基础。从市场总量、客流性质、旅客平均运距、跨线客流比例几方面概括我国铁路既有线客运市场的现状特征,基于京津城际铁路客流调查数据,分析城际客运专线客流量的周期性与波动性特征以及客流构成情况。参考国外高速铁路运营的成功经验,提出在坚持路网整体性和产品多样性的前提下,合理运用节拍式列车开行方案,满足旅客出行需求,对我国客运专线客流组织原则及合理开发客运专线产品进行探讨。     

解决买票难是市场营销的首要

为解决铁路旅客买票难的问题，首先应以中长距离旅客运输为目标市场，建立全路客票计算机联网发售系统，以解决车票延长预定期、一票到家、方便购买、减少虚糜等问题。该系统的建立，是铁路客运进入买方市场竞争的必备条件。其次，应以建立代理（代定）制分销渠道为战略目标，彻底改变传统售票组织方式。     

浅析铁路车站春运客流高峰期的应对措施

一、铁路春运高峰期客流规律春运是我国运输系统对春节前后繁忙乃至超负荷旅客运输的简称,是我国经济发展与几千年沿袭下来的风俗习惯相结合的产物,是集各类旅客运输为一体的、周期性很强的特殊运输市场现象。1.我国铁路春运客流的一般规律     

铁路客票系统实名制规则应用设计实现

传统铁路车票与乘车人没有关联关系,为了提高铁路旅客运输服务水平,迫切需要在铁路客票系统中建立实名制规则。在阐述铁路客票系统实名制规则应用设计总体架构的基础上,研究提出铁路客票系统实名制应用功能结构,通过快速识读各类身份证件、身份隐私信息加密处理、数据验证服务集群处理、铁路客票系统实名制规则应用等服务支撑,更好地解决身份信息采集,身份信息真实性、有效性验证,实名制数据汇集,以及实名制车票发售、变更、验票和检票全流程验证服务等功能,从而解决了票证一致性问题,有效缓解铁路旅客运输组织压力。     

基于MOT模型的高速铁路市场服务营销策略研究

我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,把企业推向了市场,使企业成为市场经济的主体.面对市场的风云变幻,在高速铁路快速发展的新形势下,铁路旅客运输企业要想抓住机遇、迎接挑战,就必须树立现代经营理念,掌握现代经营技术,强化市场营销,积极参与市场竞争,这是铁路旅客企业面对竞争求得生存和发展的必然选择.目前,研究高铁市场营销的文章很多,但是以顾客为中心运用MOT理论模型来研究高速铁路市场营销的文章还比较少.为此,笔者尝试结合铁路旅客运输企业的实际,将关键时刻理论用于高速铁路的营销实践.     

试论社会主义市场经济条件下铁路旅客运输的工作目标

根据当前铁路旅客运输中的现状，提出了要重新确定铁路客运工作的目标。为此，论述了目标确定的二点依据；铁路旅客运输行业的企业性质，满足旅客需求是参与旅客运输市场竞争的基础条件。同时从安全，快速，便利及经济四个方面，对铁路旅客运输市场的竞争做了分析。     

铁路编组站生产监测预警系统的建立

以武汉铁路局襄樊北站为例,对我国铁路编组站的日常生产提出了一套监测预警指标体系,采用扩散指数反映铁路运输生产景气循环的波动方向。通过生产监测预警系统模型,分析了襄樊北站1990—2006年铁路运输生产状况的波动规律,为运输生产过程实施科学监测和有效决策提供依据。     

Profiling road transport activity: Emissions from 2000 to 2005 in Ireland using national car test data

This work describes a methodology for determining the average vehicle kilometres travelled by the private national car fleet in Ireland and estimating the disaggregated CO₂ and NO_x emissions from private vehicles in the Irish road transport sector for the period 2000–2005 using national car test records. The developed methodology facilitates the calculation of greatly improved estimates for vehicle kilometres under a range of constraint variables and thereby enables the disaggregated analysis of specific vehicle fleet groups and their associated activity patterns to support evidence-based policy development. The results indicate that while older vehicles are contributing significantly to car NO_x emissions; newer cars produce a higher share of CO₂ emissions than older cars in the vehicle fleet.     

Temporal variance of revealed preference on-street parking price elasticity

This paper utilises revealed-preference parking trend data from parking meters ex ante and ex post of a general 50% price increase in the hourly cost of on-street parking to estimate the on-street parking price elasticity of demand in an area of Dublin, Ireland. Estimates are presented for the aggregate price elasticity of demand level and individual estimates for specific time periods and days of the week. In terms of reduced parking frequency, the average price elasticity of demand reported is −0.29. Daily average estimates are consistent, with one notable exception being Thursday, a ‘late night shopping’ day for which a lower price sensitivity is reported. Morning periods are also shown to be more responsive than other time periods in the test area, indicating some potential for influencing morning inbound peak traffic levels.     

企业筹资中亟待重视非显性成本的管理

在企业筹资过程中,必然会导致非显性成本的产生。非显性成本具有不可控、误导等特性,往往掩盖企业总成本的真实性,影响决策的预期效应,影响经济决策的科学判断和正确选择。因此,不能把非显性成本排除在经济形势观察的视野之外,为此对铁路企业筹资中降低非显性成本提出有关建议。     

我国西部交通发展战略与措施探讨

地区间发展不平衡、东西部差距加大,已成为我国国民经济和社会全面持续发展的羁绊,而交通是其中的一个主要影响因素。针对目前我国西部交通发展建设中存在的问题,对西部交通的发展战略目标和设想进行了探讨,提出了建立西部综合运输体系新格局,以及加快西部交通发展的建议。     

Advancing consumer behaviour theory in tourism via visual narrative art

This paper advances (i) propositions of consumer behaviour theory in tourism via storytelling theory and (ii) skills in decoding elements and subtle details that appear in ‘good stories’ versus not‐so‐good stories within travel contexts. The present paper presents a set of iconic story symbols for use in decoding stories and shows how to use these tools for decoding tourism‐related narratives. Practice using these visual iconic symbols in decoding stories achieves effective storytelling learning via cognitive sculpting; that is, learning improves from moving and arranging (sculpting) potentially three‐dimensional story or electronically movable icons while talking or writing narratives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Business travellers' perception of service quality: a prefatory study of two European city centre hotels

The business traveller contributes significantly to the turnover of the hotel industry and, with the globalisation of business, this sector shows signs of increasing growth. Service quality has now become one of the main factors used to gain competitive advantage, thus the industry must focus more specifically on the needs and expectations of its business customers. The aim of this paper is to focus on the business travel market and more specifically on the comparison of two hotels in two European cities, Brussels and Manchester. This area of research has not been attempted before and will provide an interesting comparison with findings in USA. A literature review identified the relevant attributes used to measure service quality, which were utilised to design a questionnaire, distributed to customers in a five star hotel in Manchester and in Brussels. The primary data obtained were then compared with the findings of other researchers. The analysis indicated that Brussels scored the majority of the attributes more highly (many significantly) than did Manchester. This may be influenced by the international profile of the Brussels respondents who tended to travel on business more frequently than the Manchester sample. The comparisons with the USA surveys found some inconsistencies that might be attributed to societal differences.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Financial distress,survival network design strategies,and airline pricing: An event study of a merger between a bankrupt FSC and an LCC in Brazil

This paper develops an event study to investigate the airfare effects of the bankruptcy of a financially distressed full-service carrier (FSC) and its subsequent acquisition by a low-cost carrier (LCC) in Brazil. We account for the distressed carrier's survival network design strategies (SNDS) pursued during its reorganization—a suspected source of sample selection bias. Additionally, as rivals' pricing could be aimed at driving the distressed/bankrupt carrier out of the market, we treat the carrier's distress as endogenously determined with it. Our results do not uncover any survival pricing behavior stemming from SNDS, but reveal fiercer price competition from rivals in periods preceding both the distressed carrier's bankruptcy filing and acquisition. We also find evidence of enduring price competitiveness in the long run of the acquisition event, shedding light on the potential facilitating role played by bankruptcy protection regulations in keeping and sustaining market contestability after the bankruptcy-filing period.     

Land development implications of the British rail freight renaissance

The post-war era saw a dramatic decline in both the volume and market share of freight transported by rail in Britain. This decline was associated with the closure of thousands of rail freight facilities and reduction by one third in the route mileage of the national railway network. However, as a result of railway privatisation and increasing constraints on the competitiveness of the road haulage industry, the long decline has halted and rail freight traffic is growing. This article reviews the implications of this change for the demand for rail freight facilities and for extra capacity in the railway network, and considers how the land-use planning and transport planning systems might respond.     

我国铁路运输发展战略的SWOT分析

SWOT分析法是将企业经营复杂的外部环境和内部条件归结为机会和威胁、优势和劣势4个方面,并对其进行综合分析和科学匹配。从加快我国铁路改革发展的目标出发,探讨如何运用SWOT战略分析方法,确定我国铁路运输企业目前面临的重要外部机会和威胁,以及内部存在的主要优势和劣势,从而对目前我国铁路运输业选择和制定的发展战略做出科学的评估。     

Seal Management in Scotland: Tourist Perceptions and the Possible Impacts on the Scottish Tourism Industry

Fisheries organisations in Scotland have repeatedly called for culls of common and grey seals, despite their conservation status and no supporting scientific evidence. This current study investigated the opinion of tourists in West Scotland as to whether seal populations should be reduced to manage their increasing numbers. The study also looks at whether such a cull would influence tourist behaviour. In total 735 interviews were conducted. There were regional differences in levels of opinion but, on average, 60% of respondents believed that seals should not be regulated and 17% stated that the instigation of a cull would affect their decision to visit Scotland on holiday. In the Highlands of Scotland alone this could represent over £100 million in lost tourism income. A boycott by tourists to the Highlands, as the result of introducing seal culls, could equate to a financial loss equivalent to a third of the total value of Scottish fisheries. Tourism is Scotland's main industry and is particularly important for the economy of rural areas. Any further proposals for seal culls should seriously consider the negative and indirect impacts these culls could have, such as reductions in tourist numbers and tourism income to a region.