Exploring talent flow in Wuhan automotive industry cluster at China

In recent 10 years, the city of Wuhan has built a big automotive industry cluster in China. The Wuhan automotive cluster is developing quickly, but scarcity of talent has become the bottleneck for its development. Recruiting talented worker is a significant concern and the influence factors of talent flow have been explored. The questionnaire about influence factors of talent flow are designed and sent to nine core enterprises at Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone. One hundred and seventy five automotive specialists returned the effective answer sheet. In the questionnaire survey, principal components analysis is used to explore the structure of this instrument, which suggests five components: industry cluster characteristic, urban environment, working environment, income and individual factor. The investigation result demonstrates the top three of these components are income, working environment and individual factor.     

Procurement cost reduction for customized non-critical items in an automotive supply chain: An action research project

This paper presents the processes involved in organizing a buyers' fair, a fair where first- and second-tier suppliers of the automotive industry make known their buying requirements for non-critical items to SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). The fair allowed the procurement process of LCs (large companies) and the prospecting process of SMEs to be faster and less-expensive. The fair was the result of an action research project performed by the researchers in partnership with the Brazilian Federation of Industries.     

Feel free to feel comfortable—An empirical analysis of ergonomics in the German automotive industry

The purpose of this paper is to examine ways to improve ergonomics on the manufacturing shop floor. In particular, the impact of certain ergonomic practices on companies' economic and social objectives is investigated empirically. In order to do so, a survey has been conducted among manufacturing managers of 55 companies in the German automotive industry. The managers have been asked about their estimations on harmful tasks within the production process and on the effectiveness of various practices in the context of ergonomics and health. Worker-oriented and work-oriented practices of ergonomics are operationalized using factor analysis. By means of a cluster analysis, companies with a high degree of implementation of ergonomic practices are identified. The analysis shows that plants with a higher implementation degree of ergonomic practices show a better performance in terms of economic and social objectives. Furthermore, the results reveal that work-oriented practices lead to better performance with respect to the investigated economic and social objectives, whereas worker-oriented practices play a supporting role only. Finally recommendations for manufacturing companies with regard to the field of ergonomics are derived from the empirical results.     

An empirical analysis of supply chain risk management in the German automotive industry

The purpose of this paper is the empirical analysis of supply chain risk management practices. The analysis is based on a survey with 67 manufacturing plants conducted in the German automotive industry. After investigating the vulnerability of supply chains in general and examining key drivers of supply chain risks, the paper identifies supply chain risks by analyzing their likelihood to occur and their potential impact on the supply chain. The results are visualized in the probability-impact-matrix distinguishing between internal and external supply chain risks. Furthermore, instruments for dealing with supply chain risks are investigated. Therefore, the impact of supply chain risk management on performance is tested. In order to distinguish between companies with a high degree of supply chain risk management and those with no or only limited implementation the plants are grouped by means of a cluster analysis based on factors reflecting the instruments of supply chain risk management. In particular, groups are created representing two different approaches to deal with supply chain risks, i.e. reactive and preventive supply chain risk management. The clusters are investigated concerning differences in terms of performance criteria. The analyses reveal that companies with a high implementation degree show a better supply chain performance. Furthermore, the results show that the group using reactive supply chain risk management has higher average value in terms of disruptions resilience or the reduction of the bullwhip effect, whereas the group pursuing preventive supply chain risk management has better values concerning flexibility or safety stocks.     

Choice of ownership mode in joint ventures: An event history analysis from the automotive industry

Inter-firm partnerships continue to be a major trend in the B2B context. Firms seek collaborative ventures to enter foreign markets, combine resources, share costs and risks, and build synergies in an increasingly competitive environment. Accordingly, the impacts of firm and host country characteristics on the selection of entry mode have been extensively studied in the literature. Nevertheless, most of these studies regard all entry modes as feasible alternatives for firms, which is rarely the case in practice. Instead, the number of entry modes available to a firm is more likely to be limited by the firm's assets and the context of the host country. As such, these contingencies, coupled with the idiosyncrasies of each entry mode, necessitate more focalized inquiry in the entry mode literature. Drawing from the OLI framework, this study zeroes in on international joint ventures (IJVs) and analyses the impact of ownership and location advantages on firm's decision about the level of control (i.e., internalization level) in an IJV in a given country. Results indicate a positive relationship between the ownership advantages and the level of control. It is also found that firms tend to favor higher control mode where the host country provides better locational advantages.     

信息产业企业竞争力评价研究

提出了信息产业企业竞争力评价的理论模型和评价指标体系,并依此设计开发出完整的评价方法和流程,为信息产业企业管理者评价企业自身竞争位势,改善企业经营提供了一个强有力的工具。     

建筑业信息化与信息交换标准的构成

分析研究了建筑业信息化的作用、主要内容和实现过程,并对实现建筑业信息化的基础-建筑业信息交换标准的构成进行了研究.     

On the determinants of non-market strategy: The separations mechanism and cost shifting in the telecommunications industry

This study examines the relationship between performance levels and the levels of cross-subsidy attained by local exchange carriers in the United States telecommunications industry. These cross-subsidies have been obtained by firms via their engagement in a separations mechanism, based on a cost allocation process, which telecommunications sector regulatory authorities use. Non-market strategies have assumed primacy in the activities of several sectors world-wide. Thus, understanding non-market strategic choices is important in the analysis of firms’ behavior and performance. Active engagement in the separations process is an important non-market strategy in the telecommunications industry, as a firm relatively successful in this activity can gain large cross-subsidies. The analysis establishes that less profitable firms obtain greater cross-subsidies. Once the profitability variable is decomposed into its two main components, which are productivity and price recovery, the impact of the profitability variable reduces. Firms which are relatively unproductive, as well as those unable to recover higher output prices, obtain relatively greater cross-subsidies. These results are inconsistent with the postulates of the strategic cost-allocation and behavior literatures but are consistent with x-inefficiency and rent-seeking perspectives of firms’ strategic actions.     

Buyer-supplier relations in the UK - automotive industry: Strategic implications of the Japanese manufacturing model

This paper documents the adoption of the Japanese model of manufacturing in the U.K. motor industry. Internal developments by the vehicle assemblers and their suppliers are examined. It is argued that the Japanese model involves very high intra- and interorganizational dependencies. Although this does not cause problems in Japan due to the structure of the Japanese motor industry, the structure of the UK vehicle industry presents severe obstacles to the successful use of Japanese methods. Pursuit of the pure Japanese model within the existing industry structure appears to be fraught with problems. Moreover, such an exercise risks sweeping away potential strengths of the existing structure.     

黑龙江省工程咨询业SWOT分析与发展趋势研究

黑龙江省工程咨询行业是伴随黑龙江经济快速发展而兴起的行业。近年来，已经成为推动黑龙江经济发展不可缺少的部分。城市化进程的加快不仅给工程咨询业带来了前所未有的发展机遇，同时也带来了更高的挑战，由于我国工程咨询业起步较晚，在行业发展过程中必然存在一定的劣势和威胁。文章在阐述工程咨询业对加快黑龙江经济发展战略意义的基础上，对该行业进行SWOT分析，明确黑龙江工程咨询行业的市场定位，并根据市场定位分析黑龙江省未来几年工程咨询业的发展趋势。     

Automation,skill requirements and labour‐use strategies: high‐wage and low‐wage approaches to high‐tech manufacturing in the automotive industry

In light of debates about advanced manufacturing and concepts like Industrie 4.0, this article compares labour‐use strategies in highly automated automotive supplier plants in a high‐wage country (Germany) and a low‐wage region (Central Eastern Europe). It shows considerable differences regarding skill requirements on the shop floor and the use of precarious employment contracts and examines three potential factors that explain them: national institutional frameworks, the power of employee representatives and the role of the plant within the companies and value chains. The analysis shows that the labour‐use strategies depend less on process technologies per se, but rather on the institutional framework and the role of the factory in the rollout and ramp‐up of new products and new process technologies. Such a role requires close cooperation between employees in the manufacturing areas and in product development, which in turn requires particularly high skills. The role of employee representatives in influencing labour‐use strategies proves less important. The article uses quantitative data from a survey of employee representatives, as well as qualitative data from in‐depth company case studies.     

基于时间序列单方向因果测度的多国电子信息产业经济发展分析

通过主体对比法研究中、美、日3国电子信息产业的发展历程,从中寻找对中国电子信息发展的启示。以专利产出对产业经济的影响为研究点,利用计量经济学方法探究了多个专利指标与经济指标在宏观动态经济系统中的内稳态关系。基于协整和误差修正概念建立向量自回归模型,将时间序列计量方法应用于产业经济状况分析,在Granger因果测度条件下,利用多变量时间序列的单方向因果测度,定量描述专利发展对电子信息产业经济的FMO,OMO值。得出以下结论:授权数与GDP在Granger理论意义上存在弱因果关系;发明占比与GDP存在双向的因果关系;专利数量和发明占比对GDP的OMO值为0.450,两者存在内生联系,对经济发展具有协同作用。     

Investments in tracking and tracing systems in the food industry: A PLS analysis

Traceability and related concepts, such as trust and transparency have gained greatly in relevance in food supply chains. This study seeks to answer what exactly determines firms’ investments in traceability systems by developing and testing a theoretical framework using partial least squares methodology and empirical data from 234 companies of the German food industry.The results reveal that high external pressure to implement improves the image of tracking and tracing systems in the sense that their use enhances a firm’s status, increases the intention to use those systems and fosters their perceived usefulness in the eyes of agribusiness executives. The hypothesized negative effect of costs on perceived usefulness and the intention to invest could not be verified.     

企业环境成本特点及管理方法探析

本文在对企业进行环境成本管理的必要性和环境成本的特点进行分析的基础上,指出我国企业目前在环境成本管理工作中存在的主要问题,并认为作业成本法与全生命周期成本法是环境成本管理较好的方法,进而对两种方法在企业环境成本的具体运用中进行了比较。     

裘皮行业的清洁生产技术现状研究及展望

裘皮行业带来的环境污染问题日益严重,已成为中国从裘皮加工大国迈向加工强国的障碍。在裘皮行业实行清洁生产技术改造,努力做到节约用水、减少污水排放、提高化料利用率和机械化水平,具有经济和技术可行性,是保护环境的最佳路径。鉴于裘皮行业现有的一些清洁生产技术还不能达到良好的应用效果,从清洁生产的角度考虑,对裘皮加工全过程进行了清洁生产技术潜力分析,提出了具体的清洁生产技术改造方案,认为控盐、节水、氨氮减排、设备改进升级、非环保型化料替代和减少使用等将是裘皮行业清洁生产技术发展的重点方向。     

Strategy and environment as determinants of performance: Evidence from the Japanese machine tool industry

This study examines the roles played by the environment and realized strategies on firm-level performance in the Japanese machine tool industry. We examine the effect of environment and strategy on performance using longitudinal data on a sample of 25 Japanese machine tool firms over the period 1979-92. Our results indicate that both firm strategies and the environment play significant roles in influencing profitability and growth. More specifically, whereas both strategy and environmental variables are significantly related to firm profitability, only environmental variables are associated with firm growth. Additionally, in contrast to U.S. based studies, we find that capital expenditures and technological change are not negatively associated with profitability. Rather technological change has a positive impact on firm growth. We discuss the implications of these results for strategic management and provide suggestions for future research.     

Cooperation in the agro-food industry: Spain,Greece and Portugal

This article is concerned with some characteristics of the agro-food industry in Spain, Greece and Portugal, countries that will soon enter the European Community. The analysis is based on an examination of the ways in which the agro-industry and food consumption patterns influence the economic development of those countries. The article also considers the problems of agreements between the food industry and the agricultural sector and the role played by public administration.     

萨伊博姆——世界领先的石油和天然气行业承包商

描述了世界领先的石油和天然气行业承包商Saipem的运营情况，对Saipem的市场范围，陆上、近海、钻井三大部门的业务进行了分析。从全球化经营、重视当地化、QHSE管理3个方面剖析了Saipem的经营之道，指出其在发展核心竞争力方面，集中经营领域、做行业霸主方面，以人为本、可持续发展的做法方面，值得我国承包商借鉴和参考。     

Strategizing industry structure: the case of open systems in a low‐tech industry

Open systems strategy enables a sponsor to diffuse its technology and promotes standardization in an industry. However, this strategy has been studied in high‐tech settings. We hypothesize that, in a non‐high‐tech industry, a sponsor giving access to its technical knowledge may impact industry structure. Based on a survey of the U.S. tabletop role‐playing game (RPG) industry, our results highlight that the introduction of an open system in a sector creates an entry induction phenomenon and that these new entrants adopt more readily the open system than incumbents. Moreover, the average size of the firms in the industry decreases due to vertical specialization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国生物医药产业发展的前瞻性研究

随着人们对生命健康的日益重视,生物医药产业已成为了世界各国关注的焦点、我国的生物医药产业与国外相比存在不小的差距,本文将以国内外产业发展趋势为切入点,分析国内生物医药产业存在的问题,为产业的进一步发展提供针对性的建议。