科技型中小企业专利工作现状及政策建议——基于上海市科技型中小企业实证调研的思考

科技型中小企业具有灵活的创新机制和较高的创新效率,是我国加快科技成果转化的重要载体。知识产权是科技型中小企业获得竞争优势的重要基础,其中专利是企业核心竞争力的体现。通过对上海市科技型中小企业专利工作的调研,就目前科技型中小企业专利工作的现状进行了讨论。企业专利管理模式与行业密切相关,不同的行业专利工作具有不同的管理模式,企业要依据专利工作的要求制定切实可行的专利战略。     

知识产权保护中的博弈分析

知识产权保护一直是影响我国中小企业发展壮大的重要因素,通过建立知识产权拥有企业与侵权企业之间的博弈模型,可以推导出影响中小企业知识产权侵权行为的外部因素,包括知识产权保护成本、对侵权行为的罚款额以及侵权者的侵权成本.从知识产权立法的角度,可以分析出如何通过改善这些外部影响因素,为中小企业的知识产权保护创造有利的条件.     

江苏省首批科技型中小企业“出炉”

日前，江苏省首批近209家科技型中小企业被评为首批科技型中小企业。 首批省科技型中小企业具有以下突出特点：一是创新实力强，209家企业技术开发费用占营业收入比重达到6％，高新技术产品销售收入占营业收入的比重达到75％；二是科技含量高，209家企业都具有自主知识产权，共拥有专利3459项，如江苏高淳陶瓷股份有限公司拥有专利226项；     

中国知识产权保护制度建设纵向考察

改革开放以来,中国抓紧推进知识产权保护制度建设,目前已初步建成一个较完整的知识产权法律体系,并逐步与国际标准接轨。中国已颁布《中华人民共和国商标法》、《中华人民共和国专利法》、《中华人民共和国著作权法》,并多次进行修订,还推出相关实施细则和条例来保证这些法律的实施。同时,对其他知识产权也采取了保护措施。今后,将进一步完善商标、专利、著作权和其他知识产权保护制度,严肃查处知识产权违法侵权行为,促使知识产权保护工作达到国际先进水平。     

知识产权质押融资浅析

知识产权质押融资是以企业拥有的专利、商标、著作权等知识产权为质押物，律师事务所、资产评估机构等提供中介服务，担保公司等提供信用担保，由银行提供贷款的一种融资模式，采用知识产权融资成为破解中小企业融资困境的一个突破口。     

同时创新市场条件下的知识产权保护策略与专利政策

文章构建了一个同时创新模型来研究在同时创新市场条件下的知识产权保护策略与专利政策。研究表明,同时创新对于知识产权保护具有多重含义。具体而言,由于同时创新改变了企业的创新保护策略,企业申请专利主要是出于防御目的,因而利用同时创新的这种特性,就有可能设计一种促使企业申请专利而不是寻求内部保护的专利制度,这种制度虽然对创新提供了较企业内部保护弱的保护,却能够使社会福利得以提升。另外,传统认为的竞争政策和专利的对立关系,在同时竞争的市场条件下,需要重新认识,专利不仅不会损害竞争,反而会促进竞争。     

吉林省中小企业知识产权保护问题与对策研究

中小企业的发展是振兴吉林省经济的关键,知识产权在推动中小企业发展,提高企业竞争力中起到重要作用,完善知识产权保护保护制度对吉林省进一步发展至关重要。本文通过识别吉林省中小企业知识产权保护中存在的问题,探析问题形成的原因,从而提出完善吉林省中小企业知识产权保护制度的建议。     

中小企业知识产权建设对质押融资的影响

知识产权质押融资为中小企业开辟了崭新的融资途径,但是,由于在此之前许多中小企业在知识产权建设方面欠缺,不能够很好的迈过这道关键的门槛进行有效的融资,只能够可望而不可及。文章就中小企业知识产权建设的内涵、知识产权建设的现状、知识产权建设存在的问题等进行了论述,分析了知识产权建设对中小企业融资的影响,提出了中小企业融资和知识产权建设变恶性循环为良性循环的途径,以期待中小企业拥有更多的知识产权,获得更多的知识产权质押融资,有效的解决中小企业融资困难的问题。     

论企业商业秘密的知识产权综合保护

在企业的商业秘密保护中采取知识产权的综合保护战略,是企业实现商业秘密自我保护的一种重要方式。在企业的商业秘密保护中应当采取知识产权的综合保护战略,即在商业秘密的保护过程中,与其他知识产权相互结合,既要与专利结合,也要与版权结合,以实现对商业秘密的综合性覆盖和保护。     

当前专利管理工作的短期可行性方案和长期方案展望

信息时代,知识备受世人瞩目,随之而产生的知识产权保护的重要性也甘益突出.改革开放以来,中国借鉴各国基本完善的知识产权法律体系中的有益经验,逐步建立了自己的知识产权法律体系和保护制度.专利作为一种知识产权,在中国经济建设和企业生存发展过程中已骤显端倪.但在实际专利管理中仍存在着许多亟待解决的问题.本文意图从中国目前企业专利管理状况,提出专利管理短期内可行的对策方案,并对中长期的对策方案做出展望,这对于解决当前存在的困难有极大的借鉴性和可行性.     

The use of patent databases by european small and medium-sized enterprises

Patent databases contain a wealth of technical information, but only a fraction of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use them as an information source. The characteristics of SMEs that use patent databases and the reasons why they do or do not use them are investigated in this study. Part of the analysis is based on the Community Innovation Survey results, which Is the largest survey to date of innovative European firms. The results show that the probability of using patent databases increases with firms size and is higher among firms that perform research and develobment or which and patents of value as an appropriation method. Furthermore, the percentage of firms in each of 14 sectors that and patents to be an important information source is correlated with the patent propensity rate in each sector. The second part of the study is based on a combined survey and interview study of Dutch SMEs in five high-technology sectors. The results show that SMEs mainly use patent databases to acquire information, often for legal purposes, that is not available from any other source. In contrast, these databases are seldom used to acquire technical data, largely because of the cost in terms of personnel time and expertise. This points to the need for simpler and more efficient methods of searching patent databases.     

论中小企业集群的演化

中小企业集群作为一种企业间组织形式,有其自身的演化规律和特点.本文在回顾企业生命周期理论的基础上,认为中小企业集群的形成演化在经历孕育期、成长期、成熟期后,会出现三种路径:一是集群实现持续发展;二是集群走向衰亡、解体;三是由于成本或其他方面原因导致集群向其他地区转移.本文以大唐袜业中小企业集群为例对我国中小企业集群的演化机理进行分析,认为要实现中小企业集群的持续发展,必须保持集群创新力和控制力的动态统一,加强集群的根植性,防止其向外迁移.     

基于生态位分化理论的中小企业发展战略分析

借助生态位理论重新审视中小企业的发展战略和竞争行为,指出中小企业应主动与大企业的生态位分化,并且提出基于生态位分化的小生位战略以及牢固占据小生位的深度适应战略,为中小企业在激烈的市场竞争中生存与发展提供了新思维和新方法。     

培育类产业政策对中小企业技术创新的影响

通过手工收集地方政府培育类政策并与2007—2019年中国中小板和创业板上市企业数据进行匹配，利用多期DID模型检验其对中小企业创新的影响。结果表明，培育类政策对中小企业创新起长期显著促进作用，但政府认定次数增加并不能推动中小企业创新由量转质的飞跃。进一步地，培育类政策可通过激发创新意愿、加速人才聚集、提升市场关注度促进中小企业创新。异质性分析表明，该类政策对国有中小企业创新促进作用更为显著，且仅对低集中度行业企业起到促进作用，知识产权保护水平较低地区政策激励与创新补偿效应更强。结论可丰富产业政策对中小企业创新影响的经验证据，为完善扶持中小企业创新政策提供决策参考。     

基于信息不对称的中小企业贷款模式创新研究

通过对银企信息不对称情况下的贷款供需情况进行分析,指出由于软信息所反映的企业未来价值是隐性的,因此规模匹配只能在有限程度上解决中小企业贷款难的问题。本文认为:中小企业申请的贷款数额相对于其自身规模及债务清偿能力过大,是其难以从银行获得足够资金支持的原因;分散和转移银行提供超过中小企业债务清偿能力的贷款的风险才是解决中小企业贷款难的有效途径。据此,本文提出两种新型的银行贷款风险分散和转移模式——还贷保险模式和股权激励模式。     

Transmission of CSR requirements in supply chains: investigating the multiple mediating effects of CSR activities in SMEs

In recent years, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the separate areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and supply chain management (SCM). However, little scholarly attention has been paid to the transmission of CSR requirements from a small to medium-sized enterprises (SME) perspective. Drawing on institutional and innovation diffusion theories, this paper investigates to what extent the CSR requirements of customers influence the CSR activities of SMEs and their CSR requirements toward their own suppliers. Multiple mediation analysis was performed on data from a sample of 146,060 French SMEs. The findings indicate that the CSR requirements of customers have a direct negative effect on SMEs’ CSR requirements toward suppliers. However, the relationship becomes positive when we take into account the mediating role of the SMEs’ own CSR activities (i.e. economic, social and environmental activities). Furthermore, the study reveals that the indirect effect through economic CSR activities is the greatest, followed by social and then environmental CSR activities. Our main contribution is that implementing CSR activities within SMEs is a necessary step so that SMEs can be brokers in the transmission of CSR requirements in the supply chain.     

Intellectual property governance and knowledge creation in UK universities

The public discourse advocating increased patenting of academic discoveries, which has led to the approval of legislative measures (such as the Bayh–Dole Act, which is now adopted world-wide in various forms) is based on a set of theoretical arguments, mainly related to knowledge transfer and financial reward. Using an original survey of 46 universities (about 27%) in the UK, we investigate whether some of these arguments are supported by evidence. We focus on the extent to which patents, as opposed to other forms of intellectual property (IP) protection mechanisms, enhance knowledge circulation, and especially contribute to universities’ own knowledge creation processes. We also investigate whether universities consider the markets for ideas and creative expressions to function efficiently. We find that universities use all forms of IP intensively in order to transfer their knowledge to the industry or the government. However, they mainly rely on non-proprietary IP (open-source and no-patent strategies) when aiming to enhance their own knowledge-creation processes. Also, universities do not find that markets for patents or copyrights function more smoothly than non-proprietary IP marketplaces. The results challenge the orthodox theories on the rationales for patents and other proprietary IP rights. Thus, we question the assumptions and arguments underpinning the implementation of patents on academic research outcomes via political reforms since the 1980s.     

What matters in technology leakage in small and medium enterprises: the case of Korea

Technology leakage in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is a critical issue because while the number of main technologies in SMEs is small, these technologies are crucial to their survival. Related factors must be identified to prevent technology leakage from SMEs. In this paper, we use logistic regression to find significant factors in Korean SMEs, focusing on three aspects: characteristics of the technology, prevention strategy, and firm’s R&D characteristics. We use a survey conducted by related national institutions. According to the results of our empirical study, interaction effects among the factors of technology characteristics have highly significant effects on technology leakage. In particular, the interaction effect between the time needed to imitate the technology and the stage of business growth appears to have the highest influence on technology leakage. Based on our results, detailed strategies for preventing technology leakage are inferred in order to help SMEs prioritise their resources.     

Jointly issued notes: a financial instrument to improve SME credit worthiness in China

A financial instrument to improve the credit worthiness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), i.e. Jointly Issued Notes (JINs), improves the average credit rating of SMEs by eight notches, from BBB to AA+, thus reducing borrowing cost by 298 basis points. This research note describes the various kinds of JINs, and then analyzes their effect on the credit worthiness of SMEs. We conclude that the JINs successfully facilitate access to credit at lower rates in China.     

The Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development in Ukraine and Belarus: Some Policy Perspectives

The paper considers the development of small and medium enterprises (SME) in two transition economies where market reforms have been slow (Ukraine and Belarus), focusing specifically on the role of government in the process. Empirical data from a study on SMEs and economic development in Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova are used to consider the contribution of SMEs to different aspects of transformation whilst data from a second project are used to show the support needs of SMEs.Following the introduction, which summarises the aims and methodology, the second section presents brief profiles of the context for SME development in each country. Part 3 summarises some of the main empirical findings, focusing on those aspects that have potential policy significance, specifically with respect to employment, innovation, and market orientation, whilst the fourth section considers survey evidence of the support needs of SMEs. The final section draws out the main policy implications of the findings, whilst also setting out an agenda designed to increase the contribution of SMEs to economic development in the future.On the whole, the empirical results demonstrate that some SMEs have developed in Belarus and Ukraine despite the actions of governments, although the number of private enterprises per capita remains small and their qualitative characteristics often reflect the difficult operating conditions. As a result, their contribution to economic and social change is less than it could be, mainly due to an unstable environment and an institutional context that has yet to establish the framework conditions for sustainable private sector development. In terms of policy priorities, the survey data suggest that reform of the distorted legal and financial infrastructures that exist in these countries is the highest priority need.