把红色基因一代代传下去

发扬红色资源优势,把红色基因融入血脉,深入进行党史、军史和优良传统教育,让红色基因代代相传,这是习近平总书记在多次参观革命老区后,对于红色基因的高度评价和深切呼吁,红色基因也成为社会主义建设新时期不可或缺的内在精神力量。因此,应该通过把红色基因纳入学校思想政治理论课的教育教学体系,建设以红色基因为载体的教育实践基地,构建红色基因网络学习平台,完善网络教育工作体系,搞好红色基因的基地建设和结合时代特征,创新红色基因的形式。让红色基因一代代传下去。     

Veld products and income generation in the southern Cape Strandveld

Only marginal farming activities take place in the Cape Strandveld area south of Alber‐tinia. While income from farming and wages are low, coloured families in the district are still making a living from traditional, informal occupations. Over a period of one year the activities of roughly fifty coloured families in the Albertinia Strandveld area were studied. These people being mostly illiterate, no formal questionnaire was used, but the author directly participated in their various activities and asked informal questions about their occupations. A questionnaire was sent out by Du Preez (1988) to about 150 white landowners in the area and we discussed these findings in relation to the informal sector study. Activities included thatch reed cutting, mole catching, honey collecting, aloe juice tapping, firewood cutting, hunting, fishing, breaking in horses, picking wild flowers and collecting sour figs. Higher incomes would be generated by improved techniques and expanded markets, but these activities should not be absorbed into the modern and formal economic system.     

Efficiency change and growth in productivity: the Asian growth experience

This paper focuses on identifying the sources of productivity growth in ten Asian economies including China, Japan, the NIEs and the ASEAN-4. We calculate productivity growth and its components using distance-function-based Malmquist productivity indexes following Färe, Grosskopf, Norris, and Zhang (1994a). Hong Kong and Singapore are found to have the capabilities to shift the grand frontier of the APEC economies. But the productivity divergence might have occurred since the 70’s. The FDI contributes to the Asian growth either through catching-up or through technological innovations when a sufficient learning capacity is available in the host economy.     

面向路径覆盖测试用例生成方法

测试用例的生成在软件测试中起到关键性的作用,然而在全路径覆盖这一准则中,往往会遇到极少数路径被遗忘等问题。针对此问题,文章提出了一种面向路径的测试用例生成方法,即贝叶斯网络与人工鱼群组合算法。首先,将表示各参数间的关系引入贝叶斯网络,达到路径覆盖准则的效果。然后,使用人工鱼群算法对近优的贝叶斯网络模型进行搜索获取测试用例集,进一步提高效率。实验结果表明:与已有的方法相比,在满足路径覆盖的同时,该方法在性能上有明显优势。     

论中国第三代企业家

企业家是企业的灵魂,中国企业家群落的演进,一方面来自市场的熏陶,另一方面又影响甚至左右着市场的格局,因此对企业家的研究在国际上一直被作为MVA的核心课程,在中国市场急速变革、企业迅猛更迭的今天,这一课题就显得格外的重要与迫切。     

世界经济“失衡与增长之谜”与中国经济的发展

美国经济的严重失衡与世界经济高速增长已持续长达3年时间,失衡与高速增长何以并存?这一现象被经济学家称为“失衡与高速增长之谜”。本文通过分析世界经济增长和失衡情况,认为这一现象可以从经济的全球化促进跨国公司向发展中国家的产业转移;美国超强的实力所支撑的金融霸权地位;美国为维护既得的经济利益,不愿采取措施对经济进行调整和新兴市场国家经济增长过于依赖外部需求方面去理解,提出该现象的世界经济循环过程、孕育的风险和中国采取的对策。     

ERP的产生、发展和前景

20世纪60年代,由于客观环境的改变及计算机技术的迅猛发展,制造业开始了企业信息系统改造的进程.库存控制作为信息系统改造的起始目标,由此而产生了MRP(Materia Requirement Planning物料需求计划)系统.到了70年代,产生了闭环的MRP;80年代,为使系统更具集成性和更高的效率,MRPⅡ(Manufacture Requirement     

Revisiting the relationship between growth and poverty

The purpose of this article is to revisit the relationship between growth and poverty which was widely discussed during the sixties. In view of the renewed reliance on this mechanism during the eighties by the Reagan administration and a concomitant increase in the incidence of poverty, a revisit of the topic is relevant. A regression model similar to the previous studies, but expanded to capture the emerging issues during the eighties is estimated for the period 1964-1987. A simple variable coefficient model to capture the secular decline in the effectiveness of growth to reduce poverty is also estimated. It is found that over the sample period, growth and transfer payments had significant effects on poverty; but their effects have been diminished by changes in income distribution, family composition, and the decline of the manufacturing sector during the seventies and eighties. Another interesting finding is that the impact of growth on the incidence of poverty is race neutral.     

Saint Paul, Minnesota: Excesses of the growth coalition and the rise of the alternative growth coalition

The City of Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the Upper Midwest region of the United States along the Mississippi River, provides an excellent example of the excesses of the growth coalition. It is also a good example of the creation of an alternative growth coalition of neighbourhood-based organisations seeking to ensure that growth benefits those in most economic need.

Like most American cities in the Eastern and Midwestern parts of the United States that grew up as manufacturing centres, Saint Paul experienced some decline in recent decades as its suburban areas grew. Changes in the economy of the country from manufacturing to service sectors and the common inability of central cities to compete with retail shopping centres in the suburban areas left Saint Paul with some areas of vacant land and distressed buildings.     

基于Zigbee的风能发电系统的设计与应用

以北京奥运场馆的节能监控为目的,提出基于Zigbee无线通信技术的风能发电监控系统,合理有效地解决了能源的浪费和不合理,不规范管理的问题。在使用基于Zigbee的风能发电系统后,北京奥运场馆的能源损耗将减少30％,使得监控系统更加人性化,合理化。     

新一代广播电视:十大应用发展与创新文化娱乐高地上海引领三网融合

国家广电总局主管、广播电视规划院主办的专业科技期刊《广播与电视技术》为了推动广播电视,特别是新一代广播电视的发展与创新,启动2012年度中国广播电视行业十大科技关键词评选活动.经广大读者踊跃投票和专家开会评定,评选结果日前正式揭晓.三网融合点评:广电总局科技委副主任杜百川自2010年1月国务院决定加快推进三网融合发展以来,已经分两批在54个城市试点,取得了初步的经验.2013年三网融合将进入新的发展阶段.试点表明,加快推进三网融合将加快我国信息行业和广播电视行业的发展.今后三网融合发展成功的关键在于是否有一个强势的广电,由于广电行业进入市场较晚,相对现有信息行业太弱,不可能形成有效的竞争,必须采取投资、政策、体制机制等多方面的对广电倾斜的手段,以使其能与较早进入市场的信息行业公平竞争,才能真正充分发挥各自的优势,赢得三网融合的加快发展.     

Trade and growth

The National Economic Association introduced the W. Arthur Lewis Distinguished Lecture series in December 1985 at the Allied Social Sciences Association meetings in New York City. The Lewis Lecture is named in honor of the 1979 Nobel Laureate in Economics, much of whose research has been devoted to the problem of Third World economic development. In the same spirit, the Lewis Lectures are intended to explore the themes of global inequality. Third World poverty, and prospects and possibilities for change. The inaugural Lewis address was delivered by Lance Taylor, professor of economics and nutrition at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Taylor, an immensely creative economist, has led contemporary development economists in the analysis of disparities in the structural relationships between Northern (that is, more-developed) and Southern (that is, less-developed) countries. Taylor’s subject matter, “Trade and Growth,” constituted both a provocative assessment of the stale of knowledge in this area and a compelling indictment of the insights offered by conventional economics. Taylor’s address, presented December 28, 1985, provides a sterling beginning to what promises to be an important lecture series.     

新生代农民工群体特征及其对创新社会管理的要求

作为外出农民工的主体,新生代农民工与第一代农民工存在明显的代际差异。文章从成长背景、基本特征、身份转换、城市融合、就业情况、消费倾向、权益维护与社会保障等方面分析新生代农民工的群体特征。由代际差异得出这一新生群体对社会管理的新挑战:新生代农民工犯罪率较高,其子女教育问题凸显,现有社会保障不足等,并给出相应政策建议,以期解决新生代农民工问题。     

Staple theory and export-led growth: constructing differential growth

The staple theory is a subset of the export-led growth hypothesis, designed to explain the growth and economic development of resource-rich economies. It is a theory that has been misunderstood and is seen to be at odds with the stylised facts of economic growth and development as well as with mainstream neoclassical wisdom. This article presents a brief and critical historiography of the staple theory from which a simple model of staple growth and development is gleaned. As well, data are presented which suggest that staple theory remains an important analytical tool to help explain economic development and growth.     

Textile trade and the pattern of economic growth

Zusammenfassung Handel mit Textilien und wirtschaftliches Wachstum. — Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Handel mit Textilien und Bekleidung sowie die Produktionsfaktoren, die mit der Wettbewerbsf?higkeit der Exporteure verbunden sind, und die Wirkung der allgemeinen Wettbewerbsf?higkeit auf den Entwicklungsproze\. Die Ausweitung der Textil- und Bekleidungsproduktion scheint im Entwicklungsproze\ sehr wichtig zu sein. Denn die Ausfuhr von Textilien und Bekleidung der gro\en Exportl?nder ist mit einem schnellen allgemeinen Exportwachstum sowie mit dem Zugang zu internationalem Kapital und mit schnellem Wachstum des Pro-Kopf-Einkommens verknüpft. Diejenigen L?nder, die bei der raschen Ausdehnung ihres Anteils auf den Weltm?rkten für Textilien und Bekleidung am erfolgreichsten gewesen sind, haben gleichzeitig mit Erfolg die Lohnstückkosten durch einen effizienten Kapitalcinsatz niedrig zu halten gewu\t. In diesen L?ndern sind die Ertr?ge für die Produktionsfaktoren au\er für den Faktor Arbeit sehr hoch. Insgesamt scheinen die effiziente Verwendung von Kapital und der hohe Lohn für die unternehmerische T?tigkeit eine Schlüsselstellung in dem dynamischen Entwicklungsproze einzunehmen.

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Résumé Le commerce de textile et la croissance économique. — Cet article examine le commerce de textile et de vêtement ainsi que les facteurs de production qui sont associés avec la compétitivité d’exportations et l’effet de la compétitivité générale sur le procès de développement. L’expansion de la production des textiles et des vêtements semble être un élément-clé dans le procès de développement. Les exportations des textiles et des vêtements par les grands pays exportatrices sont associées avec une rapide croissance des toutes les exportations, avec l’accès au capital international et avec une montée sensible du revenu par habitant. Les pays qui avaient beaucoup de succès d’augmenter rapidement leur rapport sur les marchés mondiaux des textiles et des vêtements sont ceux qui avaient beaucoup de succès de tenir les co?ts unitaires de main-d’oeuvre sur un niveau bas en utilisant le capital très effectivement. Ils sont aussi les pays qui offrent des taux de rendement très hauts aux facteurs exclusivement de la main-d’oeuvre. Comme résumé on peut dire que lútilisation effective de capital et les rémunérations hautes pour l‘activité des entrepreneurs semblent être le part-clé du procès dynamique de croissance.

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Resumen Comercio de textiles y el patrón de crecimiento económico. — En este artículo se examinan los patrones del comercio de textiles y vestuario, factores de producción que están asociados con la competitividad de exportatión y el impacto de la competitividad general sobre el proceso de desarrollo. La expansión de la producción de textiles y vestuario parece ser un elemento clave en el proceso de desarrollo. Las exportaciones de textiles y vestuario de los grandes países exportadores están asociadas con el rápido crecimiento general de las exportaciones, con el acceso a capitales internacionales y con el rápido incremento en el ingreso per cápita. Aquellos países que han mostrado ser los más exitosos en incrementar su participación en los mercados mundiales de textiles y vestuario son aquéllos que han tenido mayor éxito en mantener los costos de trabajo unitarios bajos, usando el capital en la forma más eficiente. Son también los países que ofrecen altas tasas de retorno a los factores no laborales. En suma, la eficiente utilizatión del capital y la alta recompensa al factor empresarial parecen ser elementos claves para un proceso de crecimiento dinámico.

     

Optimal population growth and the social welfare function

The social welfare function criterion offers an approach to the theory of optimal economic growth that is intermediate between the 2 most frequently used utilitarian models--those that maximize per capita utility and those that maximize total utility. According to the welfare criterion, societal welfare depends not only on the level of per capita consumption, but also on the population density in the area in which an individual resides. The model postualtes that, for a given level of per capita consumption, total utility increases with increasing density, reaches a maximum, and then declines with further population increases due to the deleterious effect of overcrowding on the quality of life (e.g., the quality of education, recreational facilities, and environmental factors such as clean air and pure water). The overall objective of the model is to identify the optimal per capita consumption and population size that maximize the discounted social welfare. Optimal population growth occurs when the increase in the discounted social welfare resulting from the introduction of a new member equals the reduction in welfare created by that addition (modified Meade Rule), while per capita accumulation equals the sum of the population growth rate and the social rate of time preference (modified Golden Rule). This model could be extended to consider technological change more explicitly and its effect on optimal outcomes.