私募有限合伙基金税收优化探讨

私募有限合伙基金是一种新型的风险投资模式,近几年来随着市场经济的快速发展,私募有限合伙基金也得到了较快的发展,在设立、运营、退出私募有限合伙基金的过程中就会涉及到相关的税收问题,因此,需要对如何解决私募有限合伙基金税收问题进行深入的研究。本文从私募有限合伙基金的基本理论出发,对私募有限合伙基金涉及到的税收风险进行了分析,并提出了几点优化私募有限合伙基金税收的建议,目的在于规避私募有限合伙基金的税收风险,保证私募有限合伙基金能够得到灵活的应用。     

分析加强有限合伙制私募基金税收征管的建议

合伙制私募基金的特征在于,是由普通合伙人与有限合伙人所组成的,门槛较低,且投资范围较广,普通合伙人与有限合伙人在权利享有与责任承担上有所不同,但此种模式的不足在于,资产管理人的道德风险防范难度较大.本文就当前有限合伙制私募基金税收征管现状进行分析,进一步探讨加强有限合伙制私募基金税收征管的建议,仅供相关人员参考.     

浙江省有限合伙私募基金的投资运作及其发展对策

有限合伙私募基金对完善私募基金的组织结构、推进中小企业以及高新技术发展都有很大的作用.由于有限合伙私募基金仍处于初期阶段,还存在着投资理念不成熟等问题,如何规范运作确保有限合伙私募基金的可持续发展亟须认真研究.本文立足于浙江省,通过分析有限合伙私募基金的发展现状以及投资运作,认为要积极拓宽有限合伙私募基金的后续资金来源,完善有限合伙私募基金的退出机制,进一步推动私募基金的可持续发展.     

"阳光私募"监管问题研究

"阳光私募"近年来在中国越来越兴盛,各路资金、投资顾问和投资者纷纷涌入阳光私募市场,但随之暴露出我国阳光私募基金市场混乱、投资者保护不足、监管不统一等问题.本文根据中国私募证券市场的实际情况,借鉴美国私募基金监管的有关做法,提出监管部门要明确监管思路、改善监管体系,尽快完善私募证券投资者资格和销售推广方式等制度建设的建议.     

我国私募基金管理人市场准入"放"与"管"的再思考

我国对于设立私募基金管理人不设行政审批,通过行业自律组织依法进行私募登记推动行业自我规制.随着私募基金风险事件发生,事前监管力度加强,私募基金正式列入市场准入负面清单.通过分析我国私募基金管理人市场准入由"放"到"管"制度背景及其治理逻辑,介绍美国和欧盟监管经验,建议私募基金管理人市场准入规制进一步规范化、公开化和透明化,事前准入与事中事后监管紧密衔接,切实提高行业违法犯罪成本,强化基金投资者的司法救济保障.     

论我国私募基金法律规制的完善北大核心SSCI

《证券投资基金法》(修订)的颁布标志着我国私募基金进入规范发展阶段。本文分析我国私募基金规制立法的利弊,建议我国对公司型和有限合伙型私募基金的运作作出必要规范,出台"证券投资基金法实施细则"或制定专门的"非公开募集基金投资管理办法",进一步拓展私募基金参与期货市场的范围并加强对其参与期货市场的监管,适当调低专门从事非公开募集基金管理业务的基金管理人从事公开募集基金管理业务的进入门槛,通过行政和法律措施促使有限合伙型私募基金成为我国私募基金主流发展方向。     

浅析有限合伙制私募股权基金的法律困境及出路

有限合伙制是国际盛行的私募股权基金组织形式,国内的有限合伙制私募股权基金发展迅速,从制度层面关注有限合伙制私募股权基金是资本市场面临的现实课题。本丈对有限合伙制私募股权基金的法律困境及出路进行研究。     

论我国私募基金法律规制的完善

《证券投资基金法》(修订)的颁布标志着我国私募基金进入规范发展阶段.本文分析我国私募基金规制立法的利弊,建议我国对公司型和有限合伙型私募基金的运作作出必要规范,出台“证券投资基金法实施细则”或制定专门的“非公开募集基金投资管理办法”,进一步拓展私募基金参与期贷市场的范围并加强对其参与期货市场的监管,适当调低专门从事非公开募集基金管理业务的基金管理人从事公开募集基金管理业务的进入门槛,通过行政和法律措施促使有限合伙型私募基金成为我国私募基金主流发展方向.     

我国有限合伙制私募基金合并报表的主体选择探析

有限合伙制私募基金作为私募股权融资的主流组织形式,主要通过发现企业价值注入资金来保障其生存和发展,其在实际应用中能够充分发挥金融中介的杠杆作用.但有限合伙制私募基金涉及的金额规模较大、组织形式特殊,在报表合并主体的选择上尚未形成统一标准,故本文首先阐述了有限合伙制私募基金的定义及优势,在此基础上对我国有限合伙制私募基金合并报表主体选择上存在的问题进行分析,并提出了相应的判断建议,仅供参考.     

给私募基金上合法"户口"

一、私募基金简介 私募基金在我国一直披着一层神秘的光环.特别是随着"基金黑幕"事件引发的争论,以及"中科系"股票神话破灭后,长期处于地下状态的私募基金引起了业界的重视.     

中国产业投资基金组织形式探讨

产业投资基金(也称私募股权基金或股权投资企业)已经成为全球资本市场的重要参与者,但在我国尚处于起步阶段.在我国现行法律制度下,产业投资基金可能采取的组织形式分别为公司制、有限合伙制及信托制.本文针对投资者权利、税收地位、激励机制、资金筹集、资本退出、承诺出资制度及监督机制等方而对三种产业投资基金进行了分析比较,认为公司制和有限合伙制提供了较为完备的制度规范和税收优势,应成为未来我国产业投资基金的主要组织形式.     

私募股权投资基金委托代理关系分析

本文研究了私募股权投资基金中委托-代理关系的三个方面,一是私募股权投资基金委托-代理关系的主体及其成因,二是有限合伙制基金解决委托代理问题、降低代理成本的定性分析,三是有限合伙制私募股权基金解决委托代理问题、降低代理成本的博弈分析。研究结果表明:我国私募股权投资基金的发展方向应为有限合伙制,其操作的关键在于加强信息披露和信息沟通,增强基金管理人的信用,注重成熟代理人市场的培育。     

Do hedge funds trade on private information? Evidence from syndicated lending and short-selling

This paper investigates an important contemporary issue relating to the involvement of hedge funds in the syndicated loan market. In particular, we investigate the potential conflicts of interest that arise when hedge funds make syndicated loans and take short positions in the equity of borrowing firms. We find evidence consistent with the short-selling of the equity of the hedge fund borrowers prior to public announcements of both loan originations and loan amendments. We also find that hedge funds are more likely to lend to highly leveraged, lower credit quality firms, where access to private information is potentially the most valuable and where trading on such information could lead to enhanced profits. Overall, our results have important implications for the current debate regarding regulating the hedge fund industry.     

Investment beliefs of endowments

United States university and college endowments now hold close to one‐third of their portfolios in private equity and hedge funds. We estimate the implied beliefs of endowments on these alternative assets’ returns relative to equities and bonds. At the end of 2012, the typical endowment believes that its private equity investments will outperform a portfolio of conventional assets by 3.9% per year, and hedge funds will outperform by 0.7% per year. Taking into account the implied equity exposures in alternative asset positions, the effective equity holding of endowments is approximately 60%.     

Scale economies in pension fund investments: A dissection of investment costs across asset classes

Using a unique dataset of 225 Dutch occupational pension funds with a total of 928 billion euro of assets under management, we provide a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of the relation between investment costs and pension fund size. Our dataset is free from self-reporting biases and decomposes investment costs for 6 asset classes in management costs and performance fees. We find that a pension fund that has 10 times more assets under management on average reports 7.67 basis points lower annual investment costs. Economies of scale differ per asset class. We find significant economies of scale in fixed income, equity and commodity portfolios, but not in real estate investments, private equity and hedge funds. We also find that large pension funds pay significantly higher performance fees for equity, private equity and hedge fund investments.     

境内外私募股权基金比较研究

在亚洲等新型市场国家,私募股权基金投资并帮助那些优质的公司进一步拓展发展空间,并提供就业机会,引入先进的财务管理经验,且为其投资者提供高额回报,进而促进经济的发展,这使得亚洲尤其是中国地区的私募股权投资得到大幅度发展。本文的研究正是基于全球私募股权市场热火朝天的发展和我国私募股权交易数额呈级数增长的背景下进行。     

Hedging index exchange traded funds

This paper presents an empirical comparison of the out of sample hedging performance from naïve and minimum variance hedge ratios for the four largest US index exchange traded funds (ETFs). Efficient hedging is important to offset long and short positions on market maker’s accounts, particularly imbalances in net creation or redemption demands around the time of dividend payments. Our evaluation of out of sample hedging performance includes aversion to negative skewness and excess kurtosis. The results should be of interest to hedge funds employing tax arbitrage or leveraged long–short equity strategies as well as to ETF market makers.     

Hedge Fund Involvement in Convertible Securities

Convertible arbitrage hedge funds combine long positions in convertible securities with short positions in the underlying stock. In effect, hedge funds use their knowledge of the borrowing and short‐sale market to hedge themselves while distributing equity exposure to a large number of well‐diversified investors through their short positions. The authors argue that many “would‐be” equity issuers that would otherwise pay high costs in a secondary equity issue choose instead to issue convertible debt to hedge funds that in turn distribute equity exposure to institutional investors. This allows companies to receive “equity‐like” financing today at lower cost than a secondary equity offering. The authors' findings also suggest that more convertibles will be privately placed with hedge funds when issuer and market conditions suggest that shorting costs will be lower.     

The Performance of Local versus Foreign Mutual Fund Managers

In this paper we examine the performance of US equity funds (locals) versus UK equity funds (foreigners) also investing in the US equity market. Based on informational disadvantages one would expect the UK funds to under‐perform the US funds, especially in the research‐intensive small company market. After controlling for tax treatment, fund objectives, investment style and time‐variation in betas, we do not find evidence for this. In the small company segment we even find a slight out‐performance for UK funds compared to US funds. Finally we observe a home bias in the UK portfolios, which is partly attributable to UK funds investing in cross‐listed stocks in the USA.     

Why do firms issue private equity repeatedly? On the motives and information content of multiple PIPE offerings

This study examines why private equity issues tend to be a repeated source of financing for public firms. We test the recent operational needs theory of public equity issuance within the context of repeated private equity issues. We find that repeated PIPE issuers burn through cash quickly and do not reach the standards of information transparency or profitability needed for a successful public equity offering. This has implications for investor composition and the market response to a PIPE. Initial PIPE offerings are characterized by substantial diversity in investor type. In successive transactions firms increasingly rely upon hedge funds, who extract greater price discounts and more often require cash flow rights as opposed to control rights. As firms select a path of repeated PIPEs to raise funds, successive issues become uninformative to the market. We conclude that, for small public firms, the same motive underlies public equity offerings and repeated private equity offerings—an acute need for cash.