An Application of Keaveney's Model of Service Switching Behaviour to GP Fundholders

The introduction of competition within the National Health Service (NHS), with the purchasers having a degree of choice among providers, has raised a variety of issues for buyer-supplier relationships. Purchasers, especially GP fundholders, have power in relation to their provider in the sense that they may ultimately take their custom elsewhere and by transferring their business, or part of their business, from one trust provider to another. As GP fundholders increase in number, and in confidence, this practice seems likely to grow. Using evidence from commercial markets, this article explains why fundholders might switch provider and the implications this has for hospital trusts.     

地域文化对创新创业的影响

创新创业是经济发展、社会进步的重要驱动力,随着时代的发展与科技的进步,创新创业迎来了新的挑战,而文化能够激发参与创新创业活动的积极性。基于对东北区域人群的问卷调查,采用多元回归分析方法探讨地域文化对创新创业的影响。实证结果表明,创新创业主要受到业绩导向、特殊主义、不确定性规避三个文化维度的显著影响。根据实证研究结论,应从营造有助于创新创业的文化环境、完善以业绩为导向的管理机制、发展个性化与普适化相结合的创业教育等方面采取针对性的政策措施,以有效发挥文化促进创新创业发展的内在作用。     

支持农民创业的金融创新模式研究

现阶段农民创业融资模式无法有效地解决农民创业融资问题,本文基于农民创业的四种基本模式,提出:福利性资助模式、半商业化运作模式、商业化运作主导模式和合作性主导模式。这些模式有利于农民创业融资的社会效益、降低成本和化解风险的实现。     

大学生创新创业教育的实践与探索

深化高等教育改革的目的是为了培养高质量的人才。开展创新创业教育,有意识地培养和训练学生坚毅执著、敢于冒险、勇于开拓、乐于合作、善于变化等创新创业的品质,不仅能满足具有创新创业潜质和创新创业愿望学生的需求,而且可在整体上培养广大学生的创新创业意识、创新创业素质和发现问题、分析问题及解决问题的能力,进而实现人才培养质量的实质性提升。     

应用型本科院校大学生创新创业教育提升探究

应用型本科院校应在做好传统教育的同时大力提升创新创业教育,培养大学生创新创业能力。研究阐述了大学生创新创业教育的意义,介绍了应用型本科院校大学生创新创业教育现状,指出了应用型本科院校创新创业教育过程中存在的问题并提出了相应的改进建议。     

Purchaser Provider Relationships and Innovation: A Case Study of GP Purchasing in Glasgow

NHS reforms have been the subject of much debate in recent years. Evidence from the purchaser provider arrangements is fragmented and limited in its conclusions. This paper presents research focusing on the relationship which has developed, demonstrating how GP fundholders and NHS Trusts have been engaged in mutual education, partnerships, purchasing, and designing services. It identifies considerable scope for innovation and learning at the interface between primary and secondary care and concludes that policy developments need to recognize and build on the achievements which have been made during recent years so as to optimize future collaborative potential.     

内蒙古财经类院校职业教育创新创业的路径选择

高职教育是为地方培养生产、建设、管理、服务第一线的高级应用型人才。它具有鲜明的地方性和行业性。随着我区经济发展和产业结构的调整,地方中小企业对毕业生的引进,不仅要求有较强的动手能力,而且要具有创新精神和应变能力,能较好地处理实际问题。高职院校如何培养具有创新精神和实践能力的复合型人才为地区经济建设、社会发展及行业发展服务,这是一个重要课题。     

中国大学生服务外包创新创业大赛集锦

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经济转型背景下我国高校创新创业教育深化改革研究

转型经济的国情对我国高校创新创业教育提出了更高要求.深入分析我国高校创新创业教育的现状,发现存在创新创业教育与专业教育融合度不高,创新创业教育师资力量薄弱,创业孵化基地全方位孵化服务能力欠缺问题,针对以上问题提出创新创业教育深化改革建议,即促进专创融合、加强师资队伍建设和推进全方位孵化能力建设,以期促进创新创业教育的健...     

Housing Collateral and Entrepreneurship

We show that collateral constraints restrict firm entry and postentry growth, using French administrative data and cross‐sectional variation in local house‐price appreciation as shocks to collateral values. We control for local demand shocks by comparing treated homeowners to controls in the same region that do not experience collateral shocks: renters and homeowners with an outstanding mortgage, who (in France) cannot take out a second mortgage. In both comparisons, an increase in collateral value leads to a higher probability of becoming an entrepreneur. Conditional on entry, treated entrepreneurs use more debt, start larger firms, and remain larger in the long run.     

双创升级版背景下科技型中小企业选择创新创业赛事的对策

2018年9月18日,国务院印发了《关于推动创新创业高质量发展打造双创升级版的意见》(国发〔2018〕32号),意见指出要大力促进创新创业平台服务升级,打造创新创业重点展示品牌,继续扎实开展各类创新创业赛事活动.本文通过选取当前国内组织规模相对较大的互联网+大学生创新创业大赛、中国创新创业大赛、创客中国创新...     

Entrepreneurship and Bank Credit Availability

The literature is divided on the expected effects of increased competition and consolidation in the financial sector on the supply of credit to relationship borrowers. This paper tests whether policy changes fostering competition and consolidation in U.S. banking helped or harmed entrepreneurs. We find that the rate of new incorporations increases following deregulation of branching restrictions, and that deregulation reduces the negative effect of concentration on new incorporations. We also find the formation of new incorporations increases as the share of small banks decreases, suggesting that diversification benefits of size outweigh the possible comparative advantage small banks may have in forging relationships.     

Entrepreneurship in macroeconomics

This paper reviews the main studies on entrepreneurship conducted during the past two decades that are relevant for the understanding of various macroeconomic issues. I organize the discussion by distinguishing three groups of contributions. The first group includes studies whose main purpose is to understand the factors that affect the decision to become an entrepreneur. The second group includes studies that look at the aggregate and distributional implications of entrepreneurship for savings and investment. The third group deals with issues of economic development and growth.     

Taxation and Venture Capital Backed Entrepreneurship

In recent years, venture capital has increasingly become a factor in the financing of new firms. We examine how the value of mature firms determines the incentives of entrepreneurs to start up new firms and of venture capitalists to finance and advise them. We examine how capital gains taxes as well as subsidies to start-up costs of new firms affect venture capital backed entrepreneurship. We also argue that dividend and capital gains taxes on mature firms have important consequences for start-up firms as well.     

社会创业研究

社会创业作为一种新的事物,被中国多接受是近几年的事。它是兼具社会性和经济性的创业活动。社会创业在欧洲及美国形成较早,总结欧美的研究成果对于社会创业活动在中国的发展具有积极的意义。本文旨在总结国内外社会创业的研究成果,及对我国社会企业发展的现状分析,为我国社会创业的发展、壮大开拓视野。     

第三方支付、创业与家庭收入

本文利用2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,研究京津冀地区第三方支付、创业与家庭收入之间的关系。研究发现,第三方支付有助于促进家庭创业,进而提高家庭收入;有助于促进城乡家庭主动创业和农村地区生存型创业;因此,第三方支付会改善家庭创业意愿,进而提高家庭非工资性收入。第三方支付作为便捷的支付方式,可成为家庭创业的有效激励,促进家庭非工资性收入的提高。     

Entrepreneurship, Asymmetric Information, and Unemployment

We examine how three sources of asymmetric information affect the supply of entrepreneurs and unemployment. In the first case, banks cannot observe entrepreneurs' risk of failure so ration credit. This increases the number of entrepreneurs and the level of unemployment. In the second case, firms cannot observe workers' effort so offer a wage above the market clearing one. This results in unemployment and too few entrepreneurs. The final case arises when firms cannot observe workers' abilities. A pooling wage is offered and results in too many entrepreneurs. The role of government in restoring efficiency is explored.     

Entrepreneurship and firm heterogeneity with limited enforcement

The presence of credit constraints can shape the entry, growth, and size distribution of firms. In this paper, I consider the optimal contract between banks and entrepreneurs in an economy in which limitations in the punishments for default induce limitations in the credit available to entrepreneurs. I derive a very simple characterization of the optimal contract at the time of inception of firms and show how this optimal contract shapes the evolution of the size distribution of firms and the aggregate levels of entrepreneurial activity and output.     

我国合伙制PE中GP与LP矛盾及其协调的博弈分析

我国合伙制PE内部管理中,由于GP普遍缺乏业绩、信誉乃至财产保障,也缺乏有效的监督制度和手段,常出现LP过度干预GP的经营等不规范运作现象。针对GP与LP的这一矛盾,本文首先从GP视角运用动态博弈分析方法,探讨如何设计系列对抗性的选择期权,以在某种程度上减少LP的干预行为,提高PE经营的独立性和稳健性。然后从LP视角探讨LP如何控制GP风险,并提出设计多阶段分期动态合伙协议等建议。