国债政策与其他宏观经济政策的协调

国债政策与其他宏观经济政策的关系 从总体上说,国债政策是政府的宏观经济政策体系的一个组成部分,它从属和服从于政府的宏观经济政策,并且要以政府的宏观经济政策为准绳进行设计。不过,就它同别的宏观经济政策的关系看,其与财政政策、货币政策的关系最为直接、最为密切。 国债政策与财政政策的联系主要表现在三方面:其一,国债发行直接构成政府的财政收入。政府是实行保守的国债政策,还是实行积极的国债政策,即     

国际宏观经济政策协调理论研究综述

国际宏观经济政策协调理论是最近几十年间发展起来的国际经济学的一个重要分支,日益受到理论界广泛关注。主要原因是,国际经济一体化范围和深度的快速发展,使得国际经济中国家宏观经济政策中的跨国溢出问题和集体行动问题变得日益紧迫和重要;同时,最近几年里欧洲货币联盟的建     

从宏观经济政策的协调看减税的必要性

１引言 为应对亚洲金融危机 ,扩大内需 ,１９９８年下半年以来 ,我国实施了一系列积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策 ,进行反周期调节。至今 ,这一政策取得一定的预期效果 ,但是 ,经济增长的基础仍不稳固。基于内需与外需的双重不足 ,中央政府将２００２年的ＧＤＰ增长率调低为７ %。本文拟从宏观经济政策的协调角度 ,提出减税不失为政府可以配合使用的需求政策之一。２模型的建立 根据宏观经济学的基本原理 ,建立如下模型 :当总供给＝总需求即Ｙ＝ＧＤＰ时 (支出法 )②国民收入达到均衡。将②式代入①式 ,得(１ -ｃ)Ｙ＝Ｃ０+ｃ (Ｒ -Ｔ) +Ｉ…     

七国集团宏观经济政策协调机制有效性前景分析

应该说,G7(七国集团)机制在世界经济中仍然发挥着不可或缺的作用。为了全球经济取得持续健康发展,该机制应摈弃过去种种不足之处,在世界经济中发挥更有效的作用。这就要求该机制在各个经济领域都采用新的思维和建设性方式。当前,为使G7宏观经济政策协调机制在国际经济中的作用加强,必须认识到,国际国内政治经济环境的变化的确是使协调效果下降的     

中国参与国际宏观经济政策协调的收益分析

新开放经济宏观经济学是20世纪90年代以来开放宏观经济学领域出现的新研究范式,以其坚实的微观基础为研究国际宏观经济政策协调收益问题提供了良好的数理模型.国际宏观经济政策协调收益分析经历了两代模型.笔者借鉴新开放经济宏观经济学框架下的CCD模型,利用国际宏观经济政策协调潜在收益的衡量指标,构建中国多部门VAR模型,测算了面临劳动生产率冲击时中国参与国际宏观经济政策协调的潜在收益.     

美国在金融危机期间的国际宏观经济政策协调及启示

国际经济政策协调是美国政府有效应对金融危机的重要支撑,美国推进国际经济政策协调的部门主要是财政部和美联储。在广泛利用G7、G20等多边协调平台的同时,美国也积极创造了联合降息、货币互换等新机制,并大量进行各种非正式的双边、多边政策协调,其政策协调的目标和形式会根据经济运行情况灵活调整。随着我国宏观经济政策外溢性的日益增强,急需加强国际经济政策协调。应在完善国内政策协调的基础上,确定相关机构,积极参与和发起正式和非正式的国际宏观经济政策协调。在充分利用现有平台的基础上,把握经济实力提升的有利时机,逐步创建为我所用的新平台和新机制。     

东亚区域宏观经济政策协调与合作博弈的理论探讨

本文基于博弈论知识对国际经济政策协调的理论基础及可行性、协调收益进行了研究,说明国际宏观经济政策协调能够提升参与其中国家的得益.文章最后提出了东亚区域经济进行国际宏观经济体政策协调的机制.     

论欧盟会计协调

随着欧盟一体化进程的不断推进,欧盟会计协调问题也越来越重要。熟悉欧盟成员国会计及其会计环境的特点以及欧盟会计协调的过程,对中国企业界开拓欧洲市场和我国会计准则的制定大有帮助。     

关于当前宏观经济形势和宏观经济政策

2002年下半年的经济增长不会像2001年那样呈逐季下降趋势,可能出现比较平稳的上升。但我们要清醒地认识到,通货紧缩的趋势扩大和有效需求不足问题基本上还没有得到解决,经济增长的内在动力依然不足。在继续坚持积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策的同时,应研究选择积极的财政政策淡出的时间和力度,不能把积极的财政政策中期化和长期化。     

欧盟的电子商务政策

１９９８年，欧盟电子商务销售额为６．５亿元，１９９９年为１７亿美元，预计到２００３年仅欧洲地区电子商务销售额将达到３４０亿美元。这些数据说明，欧盟将电子商务视为推行全球经济一体化和主导世界经济的重要战略措施之一，把电子商务的发展看作是欧洲地区在未来全球经济中赢得竞争优势的关键因素。因此，自１９９７年欧盟便从战略的角度来制定和规划电子商务发展的政策和框架，以指导欧洲地区１５个成员国电子商务的发展。欧盟的电子商务政策无论在立法思想、立法内容还是立法技术上都是很先进的。欧盟电子商务政策的基本框架１９９…     

An introduction to the Millennium Project

The pace, complexity, and globalization of change requires attention to the future. The change of millennia — the coming of the year 2001 — provides an opportunity, a psychological focus, for a global review of past achievements and problems and a unique chance to assess and reflect on future issues and opportunities.Unfortunately, there is as yet no mechanism or information utility to support a worldwide effort to study past achievements and problems or future issues and opportunities. Although there are many individual, isolated, special purpose, and one-time study efforts underway, there is no international system that can provide coherence or continuity to these studies, including feedback and sharing of information, and, in particular, the systematic exploration of future possibilities and policy alternatives. With growing interest in the future, the spread of instantaneous and global communications, the advent of powerful new nondeterministic modeling techniques, the ability to evoke, capture, and share information and perceptions with systematic questioning techniques and software, the proliferation of data bases, and knowledge visualization, it is now possible for futurists, scholars and others around the world to interact globally and take a fresh look at the future possibilities and policies in ways not previously possible.As the World Bank provides an ongoing system for research and feedback to improve economic policy, so too the United Nations University could provide an ongoing system for the improvement of futures research and its application to the policy process. According to a series of interviews, questionnaires, and meetings with leading futurists and scholars around the world, the proposed “Millenium Project” has the potential to become such a system.This study had as its principal objective determining the design of an information system that could effectively tap contributors, worldwide, to focus on lessons of the past that bear on world issues and the potential of future developments for intensifying or mitigating these and future issues. The first phase of the feasibility study was both methodological and substantive. Worldwide panels of experts contributed their judgments about the method or process of organizing the project; and the system that emerged from this interaction was applied in a prototype study to the issues of growing world population and the environment.During the first phase of the feasibility study, we found that:

1. 1. The Millennium Project is feasible and likely to be helpful to many institutions in examining and resolving policy issues at several levels. An overview of the project design and objectives appears in Section 2 of this article.

2. 2. Organizations that have an issues scanning function, or have a mandate to keep abreast of a broad range of futures thinking, have a need for access to a non-political, scholarly, and international system of future studies. Such organizations have requested continued participation in the second and third phase of this feasibility study, as well as establishing formal relations with the full Millennium Project.

3. 3. While several questions remain, the design features of a system to collect judgments using the Delphi process that were suggested by the international panel (outlined elsewhere in this report) form a straight forward operational system. Among the remaining questions are the design and use of international information systems and data bases, integration with quantitative techniques such as system modeling, the requirements for special study teams, and institutionalization and financial support. The design of the operational system is described in detail in Section 3 of this report.

4. 4. Cost estimates have been made for establishing international panels and collecting and analyzing information they provide using the Delphi process. Several assumptions are required. If a maximum of four topics are addressed in a particular year, each of the four panels consists of 150–200 people, the staff is kept to a base of three people with an additional 1.5 per panel, and advisors are paid an honorarium of $1.500, then the cost of this element of the full scale Project is likely to be approximately $900,000 per year. While communications modes are important in terms of timing and information access, the costs of communications are the smallest of the Project's cost elements. Detail of our cost estimates appear in Section 7 of this report.

This is not the final feasibility study report, but only a report on part of Phase I. As such, it contains our initial findings about how the Project might be organized. We welcome comments from the reader. Please consider this as work in progress.     

适时开展对智利的投资与合作

智利共和国位于南美洲西海岸中南部,西濒太平洋,东与阿根廷、玻利维亚毗邻,北接秘鲁,南至南极洲。智利地形狭长,南北相距4345公里,东西最宽处402公里,最窄处97公里,以世界最狭长的国家著名。安第斯山脉纵贯南北,海岸线长约一万公里。政治经济形势1990年3月,智利军政府向文人政府交权,标志着智利长达16年的军人独裁统治结束,代议制民主制度恢复。从1990年到2004年的14年间,智利出现了三届民选政府,政局平稳发展,民主政治体制改革逐渐深入,代表中左势力的执政联盟始终掌握着政权。智利历届政府均致力于发展经济、加强法制建设、确立多党民主体…     

项目融资合同文件体系及其管理

项目融资由于参与方众多,该融资合同文件数量庞大而且关系复杂.目前针对项目融资合同文件体系的研究多集中于对单个合同文本具体内容的研究,缺乏对合同文件体系全面、系统地研究.本文分析了项目融资过程中的合同文件间的关系,提出了主合同和从合同的概念,并且探讨了项目融资合同文件体系管理的目的、内容和流程.     

The sustainability of fiscal policies in the European Union

This paper examines the stationarity of the inclusive-of-interest public deficit for five European Union economies, four of them being recently selected for entry into the European Monetary Union. Unit root tests are used not only to examine structural breaks and cointegration analysis, but also to investigate for regime shifts. They support the occurrence of sustainable deficits for the Greek, Spanish, and Portuguese economies. On the contrary, Italy and Belgium may incur unsustainable deficits, implying that their selection in Phase 2 of the European Monetary Union is questionable. This paper was presented at the Forty-Fifth International Atlantic Economic Conference, Rome, Italy, March 14–21, 1998.     

商业伙伴方案:联合国工发组织新模式

创新能力是参与全球市场竞争的企业能够获得成功的原因之一,竞争优势依赖于新产品和新工艺、优化组合相关业务以及开发新市场。跨国公司通常是创新的主导者。在全球化经济中,中小企业能否成为对大公司具有吸引力的合作伙伴是十分关键的问题。如果中小企业融入全球价值链,就可以     

欧盟反倾销法中的非市场经济问题研究

欧共体理事会通过了905号规则，其中心内容是将中国从“非市场经济国家”名单中删除。但在对中国企业提起的反倾销调查案件中，却采取了个案对待的做法，把证明具备“市场经济”地位的任务推给了中国的企业。对欧盟发放的调查问卷的答辩是争取市场经济地位至关重要的一步，采取策略化的答辩有不可低估的作用。     

An introduction to the symposium on behavioral game theory

This article introduces the articles contained in the symposium on behavioral game theory. I break economic experiments studying game theory into three broad classes: (1) experiments studying and possibly modifying the assumptions that serve as foundations for game theory; (2) experiments that perform economic engineering, testing existing institutions with the aim of designing better ones; and (3) experiments designed to test theories which apply game theory to fields such as industrial organization.