论建设工程全过程审计人员素质

工程全过程审计人员素质包括思想政治素质、职业道德素质、科学文化素质、专业技能素质和身心素质.目前工程审计人员现有素质还存在知识结构单一、综合分析能力欠佳,现代审计手段掌握不够、审计方式落后,工程审计专业人员年龄老化、数量相对不足,审计理念滞后,缺乏创新精神.其原因是传统内部审计文化环境制约、建设工程跟踪审计市场不健全、...     

项目审计工时的影响因素研究综述

审计市场竞争的加剧使审计项目的成本管理越来越受到关注。有的学者以项目审计工时衡量审计成本,试图探索影响项目审计成本的各种因素。本文归纳和分析了学术界对项目审计工时影响因素模型的研究成果,发现项目审计工时主要受客户特征的影响。其中客户规模和经营复杂性与项目审计工时显著正相关,风险因素与项目审计工时之间的相关性则受到风险指标、客户行业、工时类型等因素的影响。关于事务所的规模和品牌、行业经验、审计年限、非审计服务和审计技术方法等特征与项目审计工时之间关系的研究结果存在许多分歧,需要在今后的研究中进一步验证。     

Fear and the Fama‐French Factors

Investors’ expectations of market volatility, captured by the VIX (the Chicago Board Options Exchange's volatility index, also known as the “investor fear gauge”), affects the expected returns of US equities. Changes in the VIX drive variations in the expected returns of the factors included in the Fama and French three‐factor model augmented with a momentum factor. The market risk premium (R_m– R_f) and the value premium (HML) are especially sensitive to changes in the VIX. An increase in expected volatility is associated with flights to quality and increases in estimated required returns.     

基于汇率制度影响因素的汇率制度选择：一个理论综述

汇率制度的选择是一个动态的转换过程,影响汇率制度的因素包括许多方面。基于影响汇率制度的经济因素,应从经济结构特征、价格确定及货币危机理论等角度探讨汇率制度选择理论;基于影响汇率制度的政策因素,应从政策配合、BBC规则及政府信誉等角度探讨汇率制度选择理论。此外,对发展中国家汇率制度选择的讨论在20世纪90年代多次金融危机后开始大量增加,其中比较有影响力的是“原罪论”与“浮动恐惧论”。     

Factors Affecting the Probability of Bankruptcy: A Managerial Decision Based Approach

The majority of classification models developed have used a pool of financial ratios combined with statistical variable selection techniques to maximize the accuracy of the classifier constructed. Rather than follow this approach, this article seeks to provide an explicit economic basis for the selection of variables for inclusion in bankruptcy models. This search to develop an economic theory of bankruptcy augments the existing bankruptcy prediction literature. Variables which occur in bankruptcy probability expressions derived from the solution of a stochastic optimizing model of firm behaviour are 'proxied' by variables constructed from financial statement data. The random nature of the lifetime of a single firm provides the rationale for the use of duration or hazard-based statistical methods in the validation of the derived bankruptcy probability expressions. Results of the validation exercise confirm that the majority of variables included in the empirical hazard formulation behave in a way that is consistent with the model of the firm. The results highlight the need for developments in the measurement of earnings dispersion.     

The Real‐Time Properties of the Bank of Canada's Staff Output Gap Estimates

We study the revision properties of the Bank of Canada's staff output gap estimates since the mid‐1980s and show that the average revision has been significantly smaller since the early 2000s. Alternatively, revisions from econometric output gap estimates have not experienced a similar improvement. We show that the overestimation of potential output in real time following the 1991–92 recession explains the large revisions in the first half of the sample. Although Phillips‐curve inflation forecasts slightly worsen when conditioned on real time instead of final gaps, their relative poor performance reflects the general lack of inflation predictability rather than real‐time gap measurement issues.     

影响我国居民储蓄存款因素的实证分析

2008年金融危机以来,在出口市场不景气的背景下,鼓励居民减少储蓄大胆消费成了国家一项重要的政策.我国政府采取了利率政策,希望通过调整存贷款利率变化来影响居民的储蓄和消费行为,结果却不令人满意.为进一步分析影响我国居民储蓄的各种因素并确定各因素影响的程度,本文在定性分析的基础上,研究相关理论,利用1981年以来我国部分统计指标进行多元回归分析,建立起了我国居民储蓄的模型,得出了影响居民储蓄的主要因素并量化了各因素对居民储蓄的影响程度,其结果可为相关政策的制定提供依据.     

内蒙古自治区基层卫生服务人员工作满意度影响因素分析

本文采取分层随机抽样的原则论述了内蒙古自治区基层卫生服务人员的工作满意度水平及其影响因素。在内蒙古自治区磴口县、托克托县和巴林左旗的乡镇卫生院随机抽取医务人员进行现场问卷调查。结果表明内蒙古基层卫生人员的工作满意度较高,提出加强内蒙古基层卫生服务人员的职业认同和职业规划;完善激励与薪酬体系,重视卫生人员的继续教育与培训等建议,从而促进内蒙古基层卫生人才队伍的建设和发展。     

Auditor Independence,Non‐Audit Services,and Restatements: Was the U.S. Government Right?*

Do fees for non‐audit services compromise auditor's independence and result in reduced quality of financial reporting? The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 presumes that some fees do and bans these services for audit clients. Also, some registrants voluntarily restrict their audit firms from providing legally permitted non‐audit services. Assuming that restatements of previously issued financial statements reflect low‐quality financial reporting, we investigate detailed fees for restating registrants for 1995 to 2000 and for similar nonrestating registrants. We do not find a statistically significant positive association between fees for either financial information systems design and implementation or internal audit services and restatements, but we do find some such association for unspecified non‐audit services and restatements. We find a significant negative association between tax services fees and restatements, consistent with net benefits from acquiring tax services from a registrant's audit firm. The significant associations are driven primarily by larger registrants.     

Auditor Independence in Canada: A Historical Perspective — From Shareholder Auditors to Modern‐Day Audit Committees*

This paper uses the theoretical framework of Goldman and Barlev (1974) to examine auditor independence in Canada. It traces the historical development of the auditor's role in the 19th century and the beginning of the auditor's relationship with shareholders and management. It shows how, following the separation of management from shareholding, management's ability to influence auditors undermined auditor independence. The paper traces attempts by legislators and regulatory bodies to limit management's influence over auditors and to correct the asymmetry of their relationship. It notes that recent changes to legislation and rules of professional conduct are no longer proactive, but are reactions to corporate scandals in Canada and the United States. The paper argues that although future changes will occur to redress the imbalance, only structural changes are likely to provide a real solution to auditor independence problems. However, it is likely that such changes will be resisted by the accounting profession.     

大学生P2P网贷使用意愿的影响因素分析

以改进后的计划行为理论为基础,利用武汉市6所高校大学生P2P网贷使用意愿情况问卷调查所获得的数据,采用结构方程模型对大学生P2P网贷使用意愿的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,大学生每个月的资金短缺程度、P2P网贷风险的大小以及大学生对P2P网贷的了解程度是影响大学生P2P网贷使用意愿的三个主要因素。建议大学生理性使用P2P网贷产品,高校对大学生普及P2P网贷知识,P2P网贷平台加强自身的运营管理,监管部门制定完善的法律制度,以促进P2P网贷行业的健康发展,进而为大学生理性使用P2P网贷营造良好的环境。     

Exchange Rate Pass‐Through,Domestic Competition,and Inflation: Evidence from the 2005–08 Revaluation of the Renminbi

Import competition from China is pervasive in the sense that for many good categories, the competitive environment that U.S. firms face in these markets is strongly driven by the prices of Chinese imports, and so is their pricing decision. This paper quantifies the effect of the government‐controlled appreciation of the Chinese renminbi vis‐à‐vis the USD from 2005 to 2008 on the prices charged by U.S. domestic producers. In a panel spanning the period from 1994 to 2010 and including up to 519 manufacturing sectors, import price changes of Chinese goods pass into U.S. producer prices at an average rate of 0.7, while import price changes that can be traced back to exchange rate movements of other trade partners only have mild effects on U.S. prices. Further analysis points to the importance of trade integration, variable markups, and demand complementarities on the one side, and to the importance of imported intermediate goods on the other side as drivers of these patterns. Simulations incorporating these microeconomic findings reveal that a substantial revaluation of the renminbi would result in a pronounced increase in aggregate U.S. producer price inflation.     

A Field Study of the Review Process: Research Note

Despite the stated importance of the audit review process in auditing standards and textbooks, research on the process itself is limited. This study provides evidence on the nature and purpose of the review process by examining the actual review notes prepared by managers of a Big-6 accounting firm. A sample of twenty-eight audit engagements resulting in 3,008 separate review notes was examined. The results suggest that quality control aspects appear to be the main focus of the review process. Review notes sometimes indicated the need to gather further information and/or undertake additional testing, and provided direct as well as indirect advice on the audit approach to subordinates. Few surprises resulted from the review process, and the review notes and approaches varied among managers.     

Prompting the Benefit of the Doubt: The Joint Effect of Auditor‐Client Social Bonds and Measurement Uncertainty on Audit Adjustments

We design an incentivized experiment to test whether measurement uncertainty elevates the risk that social bonds between auditors and reporters compromise audit adjustments. Results indicate that, when audit evidence is characterized by some residual uncertainty, the adjustments our auditor‐participants require are sensitive to whether auditors have an opportunity to form a modest but friendly social bond with reporters. In contrast, although auditors do not adjust fully even when misstatements are known with certainty, social bonding has no effect in this scenario. Accordingly, our experiment contributes beyond the main effects of social bonding and measurement uncertainty demonstrated in prior research by showing that these forces interact. A practical implication is that regulators and practitioners should consider both the technical and the social challenges facing audits of complex estimates.     

Commentary: Performance Audit of PPPs – Getting the Basics Right

Performance auditing (PA) is an important vehicle for assessing Value for Money (VFM) of Public‐Private Partnerships (PPPs), as well as providing assurance to the Parliament and to the public about the accountability for the supporting strategic and operational frameworks. Experience to date with PPPs in Australia has been limited and mixed in terms of results. Few projects have reached the mature stage, let alone been completed. It has been suggested that we can learn from the audit approaches and systems developed by the National Audit Office in the UK. Australian Audit Offices need to ensure that they have robust PA/VFM auditing systems, analytical methodologies and tools in place to undertake quality evaluations at various stages of a PPP, but experience to date at federal and state levels also indicates that there is still a lot to do to get the basis elements of PPPs “right”.     

Implications of Keeping‐Up‐with‐the‐Joneses Behavior for the Equilibrium Cross Section of Stock Returns: International Evidence

This paper tests the cross‐sectional implications of “keeping‐up‐with‐the‐Joneses” (KUJ) preferences in an international setting. When agents have KUJ preferences, in the presence of undiversifiable nonfinancial wealth, both world and domestic risk (the idiosyncratic component of domestic wealth) are priced, and the equilibrium price of risk of the domestic factor is negative. We use labor income as a proxy for domestic wealth and find empirical support for these predictions. In terms of explaining the cross‐section of stock returns and the size of the pricing errors, the model performs better than alternative international asset pricing models.     

普惠金融发展的测度体系与影响因素研究——以广东省为例

本文基于Sarma普惠金融指数,结合中国的实际情况,构建了适合我国普惠金融发展水平的测度体系,并运用该体系实证检验了广东省的社会、制度、经济等环境因素对普惠金融发展水平的具体影响。该测度体系包括金融服务可得性、金融服务使用度、金融服务质量等三个方面共10项具体指标。实证结果表明,信息化水平、人均GDP、政府支持水平对提高金融发展水平有正向影响;而城乡收入差距则负向影响显著。针对这一结论,本文提出了加强普惠金融信息化建设、提高政府普惠金融政策实施的有效性、缩小城乡差距等相关建议。