中小企业融资难的解析及国外经验的启示

我国中小企业面临直接融资和间接融资的双重困难,难以获得有效的资金支持,严重地制约着中小企业的发展。本文借鉴美、日等发达国家中小企业融资的经验,分析了我国中小企业融资困难,转变融资方式、加大政府支持力度及政策协调性、完善中小企业融资法规等方面提出构建我国中小企业融资服务体系。     

浅析我国中小企业融资问题

该文通过对中小企业融资现状的简单分析,指出中小企业间接融资方式单一、直接融资渠道缺乏、信用体系不健全,缺乏相应的法律、法规保障体系和缺少为中小企业服务的金融机构是我国当前中小企业融资的主要问题,分析原因并从政策体制、直接融资、间接融资等几个角度出发,就如何改善中小企业融资现状、拓宽其融资渠道提出一些建议,来解决我国中小企业融资问题,加快我国中小企业的发展,促进我国国民经济的发展。     

对我国中小企业融资难的问题研究

中小企业是我国国民经济和社会发展的重要力量,然而我国中小企业的融资却存在一定的困难。本文通过对中小企业（全国特别是陕西的中小企业）融资现状的简单分析,分析原因并从政策体制、直接融资、间接融资等几个角度出发,就如何改善中小企业融资现状、拓宽其融资渠道提出一些建议,来解决我国中小企业融资问题,加快我国中小企业的发展。     

中小企业直接融资问题研究

本文从中小企业直接融资方式、中小企业生命周期与融资方式的关系,中小企业直接融资现状进行分析,提出拓展中小企业直接融资渠道的建议,为中小企业快速、稳健发展进行积极的探索.     

银行，你为何不肯借我钱？——关于中小企业的银行贷款问题

一、我国中小企业的融资现状 就目前我国中小企业融资现状来看,中小企业融资渠道缺乏,融资手段单一。企业扩大生产经营所需的资金来源主要分为内部融资和外部融资,中小企业由于经营规模的限制,其投资资金会更多地依赖于外部资金,而我国中小企业的外部融资又集中于银行贷款。据统计,在上海中小企业的外部融资中,银行贷款的比重为73％,通过有价证券融资的仅为2％;而在德国中小企业的外部融资中,银行贷款比重为57％,从证券市场的融资比重是23％;在日     

构建我国中小企业融资金融支持体系

中小企业的发展长期受制于资金不足的"瓶颈约束",尤其是在金融危机的阴影和货币从紧的经济环境下,中小企业融资成为我国,乃至世界各国中小企业发展的难题。本文通过对我国中小企业融资现状及形成原因的深入剖析,着力揭示了导致我国中小企业陷入融资困境的外部因素即中小企业融资结构不合理、中小企业金融机构不足、信用担保体系不健全、缺乏金融创新等,并以此为路径,通过完善我国中小企业融资金融支持体系,破解中小企业融资难题。     

国内外中小企业知识产权融资经验及对滨海新区的启示

推动知识产权融资不但可以缓解中小企业融资困难,也有利于提升中小企业实力,促进区域经济发展。本文以美、日两国和我国北京、上海浦东新区的中小企业知识产权融资实践为例,分析了国内外中小企业知识产权融资的经验及其对滨海新区的启示,并基于天津滨海新区中小企业知识产权融资现状和问题,提出进一步促进中小企业知识产权融资的对策。     

国内外中小企业知识产权融资的经验及其对天津滨海新区的启示

推动知识产权融资不但可以缓解中小企业融资困难,也有利于提升中小企业实力,促进区域经济发展。本文以美、日两国和我国北京、上海浦东新区的中小企业知识产权融资实践为例,分析了国内外中小企业知识产权融资的经验及其对滨海新区的启示,并基于天津滨海新区中小企业知识产权融资现状和问题,提出进一步促进中小企业知识产权融资的对策。     

中小企业融资现状、融资难的原因与解决对策

中小企业已经成为我国经济增长的主要动力和社会财富的主要创造者,但是随着中小企业的发展,他们所遇到的融资瓶颈越来越突出。文章基于我国中小企业融资现状,从中小企业自身、金融机构、政府融资服务三个方面分析了中小企业融资困难的原因,结合当前我国中小企业发展现状,提出了解决中小企业融资困难的对策与措施。     

中小企业融资研究现状与展望

中小企业是繁荣经济、促进增长的重要力量。然而,受到资产规模、经营方式及金融体制的制约,融资难成为中小企业发展的瓶颈,如何通过规范中小企业经营模式,完善社会信用及担保体系,改善资本市场结构缓解中小企业的融资困境成为社会各界关注的焦点。通过对国内外中小企业融资的研究成果进行梳理,对中小企业融资理论、影响因素及对策进行归纳总结,深入了解中小企业融资的所存在的问题,并对未来中小企业融资的研究方向进行了展望,为制定中小企业融资策略提供支持。     

Unregulated Stock Markets in Second Life

SLCapex is a stock exchange owned and operated by “residents” of the online virtual world Second Life. Despite its almost complete lack of regulation and legal protections against fraud or insider trading, issuers were able to raise approximately US$145,000 from investors, which grew to US$900,000 in market value before plummeting, resulting in overall investor returns of ?71%. Investors in large issuances lost more than investors in small issuances, and small investors experienced more severe losses relative to large investors when more money was at stake, indicating that the market did a poor job of protecting investors from issuers and of providing a level playing field for investors. Theories from financial economics can explain the markets' poor performance in the absence of regulatory and legal institutions, but they cannot easily explain why issuers were able to raise capital in such a setting.     

外汇储备对股票市场价格的影响——基于流动性视角的分析

文章选取2005年5月到2011年6月的月度数据,运用VEC模型对外汇储备对股票市场价格的影响进行了实证分析。结果显示,外汇储备是通过宏观层面的流动性对股市产生影响,外汇储备和货币供应量对股票市场价格的影响均比较小,主要原因是其传导机制比较复杂,且我国对信贷资金流入股市采取十分严厉的限制。相应地,文章提出了加强对流入股市热钱的监管;加强非流通股股东解禁的管理;深化一级市场改革发行制度,积极发展债券、期货等资本市场;完善宏观调控手段以及坚持严格信贷资金流入股市等政策建议。     

开放经济条件下我国货币需求研究

文章引入股票流通市值、汇率等变量对开放经济条件下我国货币需求函数进行全面研究。协整和误差修正模型结果表明：汇率是除社会消费品零售总额外影响我国长短期货币需求稳定的最重要的变量,并且对我国货币需求的影响很大;股票市场发展对我国长期和短期货币需求的影响很小。这一发现可为我国当前反通货膨胀的货币政策的制订提供重要的参考。为控制货币供应量,我们应该重点关注汇率波动。     

货币政策对股票价格行为的影响实证分析

文章以影响股票价格的理论为基础,采用现代计量技术,采用2005年1月至2007年6月的月度时间序列数据,研究了汇率、存款准备金率以及利率、货币供应量等宏观经济因素对股票价格的影响。从2005年6月以来我国A股市场股票价格的持续上涨,其主要原因是经济的高速增长、人民币升值以及充足的货币供应量;而加息与提高存款准备金率对股票价格变化的影响有限。     

东北地区城镇网络体系规划分析

东北地区城市网络体系的构建,不仅是东北城市发展的巨大机遇,更是振兴东北经济所必须的.在这一过程中亟待解决的问题涵盖省际间政府工作的协调、有关政策的利用、建设资金的筹集等.这一切都需要系统规划、总体协调,任何一方面工作的缺失,都会影响整体工作推进.     

Prediction of the Netherlands' money stock

Summary This article describes the operational procedure for a mechanical monthly forecast of the money stock in The Netherlands for up to twelve months ahead. In addition to time series data of the money stock itself, the procedure uses the information provided by the disaggregation of the money stock into financial assets, sources of money supply and holdership. The forecast from a univariate ARIMA model of the money stock is combined with three different forecasts from vector ARIMA models for the components distinguished by the three ways of disaggregation. The combination weights, which differ for each number of months to be forecasted ahead, are determined by regression analysis.Professor of Economics at the Free University, Amsterdam and staff member of the Econometric Research and Special Studies Department of De Nederlandsche Bank NV, Amsterdam, respectively. This study was completed when the first author was at the Nederlandsche Bank. We gratefully acknowledge the useful comments of a referee on a previous version of this article.     

银行危机经济代价的影响因素研究

选取77个国家发生的89次银行危机为样本,分别以危机后的经济衰退程度和通胀成本作为银行危机经济代价的度量标准,采用简单线性回归模型对银行危机经济代价的影响因素进行了分析。研究发现,危机前的经常账户表现越差、房地产价格下降幅度越大,则危机后的经济衰退程度越严重。危机前的股票价格指数上涨越快,银行危机的通胀成本则越高。危机中政府财政支出的增加可以显著的降低危机后的经济衰退程度,危机中贬值策略的实施能够显著降低银行危机的通胀成本,危机中货币供应的增长则会显著提高危机后的通胀水平。     

Exchange rates,stock prices,and money markets: evidence from Singapore

This paper uses a monetary approach to analyze the asymmetric asset-price movements (exchange rates and stock prices) in Singapore, a small open economy with managed exchange rate targeting. The Singapore dollar exchange rates vis-à-vis the developed countries’ currencies are negatively related to stock prices whereas the relationship between the Singapore dollar-Malaysian ringgit exchange rate and stock prices is positive instead. The pattern of asymmetry is explained by the relative exchange-rate elasticity of real money demand and real money supply and evidenced by the distributed-lag regression and VAR analysis. Furthermore, the distributed-lag regression of monthly data suggests that fiscal revenues as well as fiscal expenditures exert positive influences on stock prices.     

The distribution of seigniorage: a note on klein and neumann

Conclusion Building on Drazen [1985], we have developed a suitable framework for the analysis of the revenue from money and its distribution between the government and the central bank. In contrast to the accounting system offered by K-N, this framework adopts a consistent approach with respect to the stock and flow aspects of monetary revenue. Comparing their measure of the government’s share in monetary revenue with ours, one can conclude that K-N: (i) neglect the stock effects of monetary revenue; (ii) use an incorrect concept of debt in their definition of the government’s revenue; and (iii) mistakenly include a revaluation term in their definition of fiscal seigniorage. After correction for this last factor the share of the government in total seigniorage rises from 38.3 per cent to 64.8 per cent. It should be noticed that in the literature often a narrower concept of monetary revenue is used, namely the change in high-powered money (M). This concept neglects the stock component of the revenue of money (r M) as well as the operating and other costs of the central bank. At first sight, this may seem appropriate if the analysis concentrates on the tax aspect, i.e. the savings due to money creation, rather than the broader issue of evaluation of the benefits of the monetary monopoly. This concerns the extensive literature on optimal seigniorage as well as the literature on the tax-seigniorage trade-off [cf. Grilli, 1989]. However, as is clearly pointed out by Klein and Neumann, it is just with respect to this fiscal aspect of money that the distribution of revenues from money between the central bank and the government becomes relevant.     

The emergence of a private clientele for banks in the early eighteenth century: Hoare's Bank and some women customers1

The records of Hoare's Bank and the correspondence of six of its women customers show how these women started to use the new banking services both for transferring money and for trading in the stock market. It is clear that alongside their use of the new facilities, older systems of money transfer remained important for customers. Much of the business of the bank and its customers, including their ventures into the stock market, took place within groups of people united by kinship, religion, and politics.