住房公积金贷款对我国房地产市场的影响研究——基于区域差异的视角

本文基于区域差异的视角,采用主成分分析、聚类分析和面板数据模型,研究住房公积金贷款对区域房地产市场的影响。结果表明,住房公积金贷款是影响住房成交量和房价水平的显著因素,均有正向促进作用,且对成交量的影响更显著,表现出较为明显的区域差异。因此,要结合区域发展状况因地制宜制定住房公积金政策。     

暂时性差异与递延所得税

<正>所得税会计准则实施后,暂时性差异是否包含永久性差异以及永久性差异是否确认递延所得税,作了理论上的分析。一、暂时性差异与时间性差异、永久性差异企业所得税法的制定基础是收入费用观。     

资本市场收益与通货膨胀:对新兴市场的进一步检验

本文对中国、印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾、韩国和泰国六个新兴市场国家的股票回报率和通货膨胀率之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,在中国和菲律宾,名义股票回报率和通胀率之间存在正相关关系,但在其它四个国家,并未发现同样的关系存在。这表明股票作为通货膨胀的对冲工具,可能仅在个别国家里成立。此外,本文还对真实回报率和通胀率之间的关系进行了检验,结果普遍表明当期通胀率和单期滞后通胀率对真实股票回报率有负的影响。     

2022年5月银行间市场运行报告

2022年5月份,货币市场流动性充裕,市场利率继续在政策利率下方窄幅波动;资金充裕叠加基本面前景不容乐观,收益率大幅下行;月末,疫情对经济扰动边际减弱,信用债收益率明显下行;利率互换曲线下移,日均成交量下降。5月,人民币对美元即期汇率创一年半以来新低后反弹,汇率波动性持续增加,市场流动性仍偏紧。受多重因素影响,市场成交规模同比与环比均不同程度下跌。中美利差倒挂导致长端人民币对美元掉期点震荡下行。     

地方公共债务与资本回报率——来自新口径债务数据和三重机制检验的经验证据

资本回报率对于理解我国经济运行具有重要意义。本文通过匹配2006-2015年地级市层面的新口径债务数据和资本回报率数据,实证检验了地方公共债务扩张对资本回报率的影响效应及其地区异质性表现,并从宏观、中观和微观三个角度开展作用机制分析。研究发现:第一,地方公共债务扩张对我国宏观资本回报率产生了负面影响,此影响在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然存在;第二,地方公共债务的扩张通过降低基础设施投资效率、提高房地产业投资占比和挤出企业投资产生影响;第三,上述负面影响在非城市群、非大中城市和土地融资依赖度更高的城市表现更为突出。以上结论为深化地方政府投融资体制改革提供了政策参考,未来应注重债务资金的绩效管理和使用效率,促进经济高质量发展。     

中国黄金期货量价关系分析

本文采用基于结算价的收益率反映黄金期货市场价格波动,根据收益率序列的统计特征建立ARMA(2,2)-GARCH(1,1)模型,结果表明收益率的过去波动对市场未来波动有着正向而减缓的影响;然后采用ARMA(2,2)-GARCH(1,1)模型、VAR(2)模型等方法研究黄金期货价格波动与成交量、持仓量的关系,结果表明当期成交量对价格波动具有较强的解释作用,滞后1期成交量对于价格波动没有直接影响,当期和滞后1期持仓量对于价格波动没有直接影响;同时考虑当期成交量和当期持仓量时,当期成交量对价格波动有明显的解释作用,而当期持仓量的增加会降低成交量对价格波动的影响程度,滞后1期的成交量和滞后1期持仓量对价格波动没有显著的影响。脉冲响应分析表明价格波动、成交量和持仓量的冲击使其自身产生较强烈的反应,价格波动的冲击对成交量和持仓量的影响相对较弱;成交量和持仓量的冲击对彼此的影响比较明显。方差分解表明价格波动比成交量对持仓量有更大的影响。     

中国股票市场的波动性来源问题研究

本文运用结构向量自回归方法,将影响股票市场波动的因素分解为基本面的永久性波动、暂时性波动(可视作政策冲击)和非基本面波动(市场情绪冲击),以此来研究中国股票市场的波动性来源问题.研究结果表明,在短期内影响股票波动的最重要因素是非基本面因素;在半年的时间内,非基本面因素对股票波动的贡献下降到24％；基本面因素的永久性波动的贡献为40％,暂时性波动的贡献为30％；随着时间的拉长(1年内),基本面永久性波动和暂时性波动的贡献大致相同,即各占40％左右,非基本面因素的贡献约为20％.在此基础上,本文分析了各个冲击背后的真正原因,并提出了相应的政策建议.     

中国黄金期货量价关系分析

本文采用基于结算价的收益率反映黄金期货市场价格波动,根据收益率序列的统计特征建立ARMA(2,2)-GARCH(1,1)模型,结果表明收益率的过去波动对市场未来波动有着正向而减缓的影响;然后采用ARMA(2,2)-GARCH(1,1)模型、VAR(2)模型等方法研究黄金期货价格波动与成交量、持仓量的关系,结果表明当期成交量对价格波动具有较强的解释作用,滞后1期成交量对于价格波动没有直接影响,当期和滞后1期持仓量对于价格波动没有直接影响;同时考虑当期成交量和当期持仓量时,当期成交量对价格波动有明显的解释作用,而当期持仓量的增加会降低成交量对价格波动的影响程度,滞后1期的成交量和滞后1期持仓量对价格波动没有显著的影响。脉冲响应分析表明价格波动、成交量和持仓量的冲击使其自身产生较强烈的反应,价格波动的冲击对成交量和持仓量的影响相对较弱;成交量和持仓量的冲击对彼此的影响比较明显。方差分解表明价格波动比成交量对持仓量有更大的影响。     

关于中国资本回报率研究的文献综述

中国的资本回报率问题一直是国内外学者关注并研究的热点问题之一.他们提出了多种估计中国资本回报率的方法,分解了影响资本回报率的因素,并对中国资本回报率的变化趋势进行了预测.但是鉴于不同计方法的侧重点不同,以及宏、微观经济状态的不断变化,尤其是2008年金融危机前后,中国资本回报率表现存在明显差异,关于中国资本回报率估计和测算问题目前还没有形成一个统一的分析框架.从微观、宏观两个层面出发,梳理了现有文献关于中国资本回报率的研究方法、影响因素和主要结论.     

基于VAR模型的上海A股市场价量关系研究

股票技术分析中十分重视价量关系,其核心思想在于"量在价先",认为成交量能够有效影响和预测股价。本文建立VAR模型对上海A股市场价量关系进行研究,并通过建立脉冲响应函数、进行预测方差分解,以及进行格兰杰因果检验,发现短期内成交量确实对股价有一定影响,但股价对成交量的影响更为剧烈,长期中两者相互关系不显著,最后发现两者具有双向格兰杰因果关系。     

Permanent and transitory components of GDP and stock prices: further analysis

Using the conventional VAR identification approach, Cochrane (Quarterly Journal of Economics 107: 241–65, 1994) finds that substantial amounts of variation in GDP growth and stock returns are due to transitory shocks. Following the common trend decomposition of King etal. (American Economic Review 81: 819–40, 1991), we show that Cochrane's results depend on the assumption of weak exogeneity of one of the variables with respect to the cointegration vector. When this assumption holds both approaches coincide. If not, the shocks Cochrane called transitory are not totally transitory. In this case, the conventional VAR approach with the assumption of the weak exogeneity may overstate the magnitude of transitory shocks and understate that of permanent shocks. We find that the permanent components of GDP and stock prices are much larger than those estimates of Cochrane, although substantial (but much smaller than in Cochrane 1994) variations in GDP growth and stock returns are attributed to transitory shocks.     

Currency Returns, Intrinsic Value, and Institutional-Investor Flows

We decompose currency returns into (permanent) intrinsic‐value shocks and (transitory) expected‐return shocks. We explore interactions between these shocks, currency returns, and institutional‐investor currency flows. Intrinsic‐value shocks are: dwarfed by expected‐return shocks (yet currency returns overreact to them); unrelated to flows (although expected‐return shocks correlate with flows); and related positively to forecasted cumulated‐interest differentials. These results suggest flows are related to short‐term currency returns, while fundamentals better explain long‐term returns and values. They also rationalize the long‐observed poor performance of exchange‐rate models: by ignoring the distinction between permanent and transitory exchange‐rate changes, prior tests obscure the connection between currencies and fundamentals.     

Common and country-specific components in national stock prices

Previous studies on cointegration among national stock markets show conflicting results. This paper designs a general state space model to investigate the importance of a common world-wide component and the existence of country-specific components in national stock market indices. For G7 countries, there exist country-specific permanent and transitory components. Based on a variance decomposition analysis, Germany, Italy, and Japan's country-specific permanent shocks account for about half of their total permanent shocks. Most of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom's transitory shocks are country-specific. G7 countries do not seem to cointegrate around one common stochastic trend, and potential long-run international diversification benefits still exist.     

Empirical Identification of Non-Informational Trades Using Trading Volume Data

This paper empirically identifies non-informational and informational trades using stock returns and trading volume data of the U.S., Japanese, and U.K. stock markets and five individual firms. We achieve the identification by imposing a restriction from theoretical considerations. Our results show that trading volume is mainly driven by non-informational trades, while stock price movements are primarily driven by informational trades. We also find that, around the 1987 stock market crash, trading volumes due to non-informational trades increased dramatically, while the decline in stock market prices was due mainly to informational trades. Increases in volatilities both in returns and in trading volumes during and after the crash are mainly due to non-informational trades. Regarding the trading volume-serial correlation in the stock returns relationship, we find evidence that is consistent with theoretical predictions that non-informational components can account for high trading volume accompanied by a low serial correlation of stock returns.     

Sampling interval and estimated betas: Implications for the presence of transitory components in stock prices

We provide a theoretical framework to explain the empirical finding that the estimated betas are sensitive to the sampling interval even when using continuously compounded returns. We suppose that stock prices have both permanent and transitory components. The discrete time representation of the beta depends on the sampling interval and two components labeled “permanent and transitory betas”. We show that if no transitory component is present in stock prices then no sampling interval effect occurs. However, the presence of a transitory component implies that the beta is an increasing (decreasing) function of the sampling interval for more (less) risky assets. In our framework, assets are labeled risky if their “permanent beta” is greater than their “transitory beta” and vice versa for less risky assets. Simulations show that our theoretical results provide good approximations for the estimated betas in small samples. We provide empirical evidence about the presence of negative serial correlation and mean reversion in the returns of the portfolios considered. We discuss why our model is better able to provide an explanation for this sampling interval effect than other models in the literature.     

Emerging market business cycles: Learning about the trend

Emerging market business cycles feature a higher variability of consumption relative to output and a strongly countercyclical trade balance. An equilibrium business cycle model in which agents learn to distinguish between the permanent and transitory components of total factor productivity shocks using the Kalman filter accounts for these features. Calibrated to Mexico, the model accounts for the behavior of consumption and the trade balance for a wide range of variability and persistence of permanent shocks relative to transitory shocks. Estimation for Mexico and Canada suggests more severe informational frictions in emerging markets than in developed economies.     

Consumption, the persistence of shocks, and asset price volatility

In a general equilibrium setting, a temporary component in consumption introduces a wedge between the volatility of equity returns and the volatility of consumption growth. This paper explores the asset pricing consequences of this property in a model in which consumption is the sum of a permanent and a transitory component. Permanent shocks are assumed to be rare events, while transitory shocks follow a diffusion process. When calibrated to US annual data, the model matches first and second moments of equity and bond returns for preference parameters within acceptable bounds. Permanent and transitory shocks together explain the equity premium, while transitory shocks alone explain the excess volatility of returns.     

Relationship between gold and stock markets during the global financial crisis: Evidence from nonlinear causality tests

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic co-movements between gold returns, stock market returns and stock market volatility during the recent global financial crisis for the UK (FTSE 100), the US (S&P 500) and Japan (Nikkei 225). Initially, the bivariate dynamic relationships between i) gold returns and stock market returns and ii) gold returns and stock market volatility are tested; both of these relationships are further investigated in the multivariate nonlinear settings by including changes in the three-month LIBOR rates. In this paper correlation integrals based on the bivariate model show significant evidence of nonlinear feedback effect among the variables during the financial crisis period for all the countries understudy. Very limited evidence of significant feedback is found during the pre-crisis period. Results from the multivariate tests including changes in the LIBOR rates provide results similar to the bivariate results. These results imply that gold may not perform well as a safe haven during the financial crisis period due to the bidirectional interdependence between gold returns and, stock returns as well as stock market volatility. However, gold may be used as a hedge against stock market returns and volatility in stable financial conditions.     

CO-MOVEMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY MARKETS

We examine the co-movements of equity returns in four major international markets by characterizing the time-varying cross-country covariances and correlations. Using a generalized positive definite multivariate GARCH model, we find that the Japanese and U.S. stock markets have significant transitory covariance, but zero permanent covariance. The other pairs of markets examined display significant permanent and transitory covariance. We also find that, while conditional correlations between returns are generally small, they change considerably over time. An event analysis suggests that basing diversification strategies on these conditional correlations is potentially beneficial.     

Technology Shocks and Monetary Policy: Revisiting the Fed's Performance

Would the U.S. economy's dynamic response to permanent technology shocks have been different from the actual responses if monetary authorities' systematic response to these shocks had been optimal? To answer this question, we characterize the dynamic effects of permanent technology shocks and the way in which U.S. monetary authorities reacted to these shocks over the sample 1955(1)–2002(4) using a structural VAR. A sticky price–sticky wage model is developed and estimated to reproduce these responses. We then formally compare these responses with the outcome of the optimal monetary policy.