A comment on patterns of store choice and customer gain/loss analysis

We explore patterns of store choice and shopping behavior in the domain of women’s specialty clothing stores. Based on previous research, four exploratory research propositions are examined to note patterns in customer loyalty to their “favorite” stores and the incidence of shopping at competing stores. We conduct a vulnerability analysis to note which stores have customer segments most vulnerable to marketing efforts of competitors. Our findings suggest customers in the women’s specialty clothing market do not exhibit 100 percent loyalty to the favored retailer, and the share of trips to the favored retailer is generally constant among stores. The primary implications to retail managers are that they should be most concerned withincreasing the customer franchise base (those naming the retailer’s store as “favorite”) rather than focusing on increasing thefrequency of shopping trips among those customers that comprise the current franchise base.     

Do loyal customers really pay more for services?

Service firms are encouraged by historic evidence that loyal customers are less price sensitive. Yet, some research has challenged the assertion while others have demonstrated considerable heterogeneity within loyal segments. Aiming to reconcile this debate, we investigate the relationship between customers’ behavioral loyalty and the importance they place on price relative to two managerially relevant service attributes: rewards and convenience. We also assess the moderating role of attitudinal loyalty resulting from superior service experience. Results from a longitudinal survey and transaction data from an airline carrier show that as customers’ behavioral loyalty increases, they place more importance on price and less importance on rewards and convenience, revealing that behavioral loyalty causes a shift in emphasis toward price. As a result, behaviorally loyal customers spend less and revenue decreases. However, by improving attitudinal loyalty, firms achieve the desired outcome of reducing price sensitivity and increasing revenue. Specifically, after experiencing better service, behaviorally loyal customers focus less on price and instead shift their focus toward rewards and convenience, and this results in revenue gains for the firm. Overall, attitudinal loyalty from better service experience acts as a key mitigator of the positive link between behavioral loyalty and price sensitivity.     

Consequences of customer loyalty to the loyalty program and to the company

Gaining customer loyalty is an important goal of marketing, and loyalty programs are intended to help in reaching it. Research on loyalty programs suggests that customers differentiate between loyalty to a company and loyalty to a loyalty program, yet little is known about the consequences of these two types of loyalty. Therefore, our study intends to make two main contributions: (1) improving our understanding of the constructs ??program loyalty?? and ??company loyalty??, (2) investigating the relative impact of the two types of loyalty on preference, intention, and purchase behavior for the case of a multi-firm loyalty program. Results indicate that company loyalty influences a customer??s choice to visit a particular provider and to prefer it over competitors, but it is not a strong predictor of purchase behavior. Conversely, program loyalty is a far more important driver of purchase behavior. This implies that company loyalty primarily attracts customers to a particular provider and program loyalty ensures that once inside the store, more money is spent.     

顾客忠诚维度的企业赢利策略研究

在一个很长的历史时期，市场份额被管理者看成是衡量一个企业能否获取高额利润的重要指标．直到20世纪80年代这一观念才开始改变。大量研究表明，市场份额和企业利润的相关度在大大降低，而顾客忠诚度则成为与企业高利润更为密切相关的因素。因此，企业要实现其利润最大化，必须重视培养顾客对企业的忠诚度。     

基于顾客锁定理论的饭店企业经营战略研究

目前,饭店行业的竞争日趋激烈,培育忠诚顾客已成为饭店企业获得竞争优势的关键.传统的“饭店企业顾客忠诚”研究多是通过“顾客价值”的理论视角展开的.将顾客锁定理论应用到饭店企业的市场管理中,在分析顾客锁定的内涵、经济学本质、成因及其与传统理论差异的基础上,提出饭店企业应通过构筑产品歧异化,降低搜寻及交易成本,传递高质量信息,纵向整合顾客需求,培训顾客,引导顾客参与,签订合同等途径锁定顾客.     

经济危机下“忠诚度营销”的误区与对策分析

在经济危机影响下,企业把握高价值资产的同时,应注意低价值客户忠诚度的培养。当前,应选择情感营销策略以应对经济危机下企业的忠诚度营销。     

Grocery retail loyalty program effects: self-selection or purchase behavior change?

In the retail sector, consumers typically patronize multiple outlets for a variety of products, which raises the important issue of how outlets can gain a greater share of consumer expenditures. One such way is to increase repeat purchases through loyalty programs. This article examines the impact of loyalty programs, which target existing customers, on repurchase behavior in grocery stores. It finds that heavier, more frequent customers of a store enroll in the loyalty program earlier; that buying behavior changes only slightly after buyers join the program; and that small changes in loyalty appear to erode 6–9 months after buyers join.     

基于顾客感知价值的经济型酒店顾客忠诚驱动因素研究——以西安市经济型酒店为例

以顾客感知价值为研究视角,对经济型酒店顾客忠诚的驱动因素进行分析,构建经济型酒店顾客忠诚驱动模型,强调经济型酒店顾客感知价值对顾客忠诚具有直接决定性的驱动作用,而其驱动则从顾客的感知服务质量、情感价值、会员制、产品价值及获取便利性等5个方面来表现。最后,在以上分析的基础上,对基于顾客感知价值的经济型酒店顾客忠诚的培育提出4点可行性建议：向顾客传递更多的价值;培育忠诚员工;科学管理顾客信息及精心打造品牌。     

国内商业银行服务营销的问题与措施探析

外资银行进入中国市场,国内商业银行面临着来自各方面的竞争和挑战。银行服务作为国内银行业最为薄弱的环节,问题集中反映在五重五轻上,即重硬件轻软件、重服务形式轻服务落实、重顾客开发轻顾客忠诚、重产品开发轻顾客需求、重工作规范轻工作技能。改变现状,商业银行必须切实开展服务营销,使顾客满意,树立品牌特色服务。     

体验营销--企业新的战略工具

20世纪90年代以来,顾客价值被视为继行业竞争力、资源能力、核心竞争力之后企业竞争优势的新来源。如今,体验经济方兴未艾,企业面临的营销环境发生了较大的变化,实施体验营销成为新形势下企业的必然选择。体验营销可为顾客带来新的价值——体验价值,从而能为企业赢得顾客忠诚,成为企业构筑竞争优势的新的战略工具。     

Do managers know what their customers think and why?

The ability of a firm’s managers to understand how its customers view the firm’s offerings and the drivers of those customer perceptions is fundamental in determining the success of marketing efforts. We investigate the extent to which managers’ perceptions of the levels and drivers of their customers’ satisfaction and loyalty align with that of their actual customers (along with customers’ expectations, quality, value, and complaints). From 70,000 American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) customer surveys and 1068 firm (manager) responses from the ACSI-measured companies, our analyses suggest that managers generally fail to understand their firms’ customers in two important ways. First, managers systematically overestimate the levels of customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty, as well as the levels of key antecedent constructs such as expectations and perceived value. Second, managers’ understanding of the drivers of their customers’ satisfaction and loyalty are disconnected from those of their actual customers. Among the most significant “disconnects,” managers underestimate the importance of customer perceptions of quality in driving their satisfaction and of satisfaction in driving customers’ loyalty and complaint behavior. Our results indicate that firms must do more to ensure that managers understand how their customers perceive the firm’s products and services and why.     

Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept

Although research continues to debate the future of the marketing concept, practitioners have taken the lead, appraising customer experience management (CEM) as one of the most promising marketing approaches in consumer industries. In research, however, the notion of CEM is not well understood, is fragmented across a variety of contexts, and is insufficiently demarcated from other marketing management concepts. By integrating field-based insights of 52 managers engaging in CEM with supplementary literature, this study provides an empirically and theoretically solid conceptualization. Specifically, it introduces CEM as a higher-order resource of cultural mindsets toward customer experiences (CEs), strategic directions for designing CEs, and firm capabilities for continually renewing CEs, with the goals of achieving and sustaining long-term customer loyalty. We disclose a typology of four distinct CEM patterns, with firm size and exchange continuity delineating the pertinent contingency factors of this generalized understanding. Finally, we discuss the findings in relation to recent theoretical research, proposing that CEM can comprehensively systemize and serve the implementation of an evolving marketing concept.     

Customer relationship dynamics: Service quality and customer loyalty in the context of varying levels of customer expertise and switching costs

As customer-organization relationships deepen, consumers increase their expertise in the firm’s product line and industry and develop increased switching costs. This study investigates the effects of customer investment expertise and perceived switching costs on the relationships between technical and functional service quality and customer loyalty. Technical service quality is hypothesized to be a more important determinant of customer loyalty than functional service quality as expertise increases. Both technical and functional service quality are hypothesized to have a reduced relationship with customer loyalty as perceived switching costs increase. Three-way interactions between the main effects of service quality, customer expertise, and perceived switching costs yield additional insight into the change in relative importance of technical and functional service quality in customers’ decision to be loyal. Six of eight hypotheses receive support. Implications are discussed for customer relationship management over the relationship life cycle. Simon J. Bell (s.bell@jims.cam.ac.uk; Ph.D., University of Melbourne) is a university lecturer in marketing at the Judge Institute of Management, the business school of the University of Cambridge. His research has appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, the Journal of Retailing, theJournal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, andMarketing Theory, among others. His.areas of research interest include organizational learning, sales force management and internal marketing, services and relationship marketing, and corporate social responsibility. Seigyoung Auh (sauh@brocku.ca; Ph.D., University of Michigan) is an assistant professor of marketing at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. His research has been published in theJournal of Economic Psychology, theJournal of Business to Business Marketing, theJournal of Services Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Management, Industrial Marketing Management, and others. His research interests are in application of a resource-based view to marketing strategy, top management team diversity and marketing strategy, customer orientation (customer satisfaction) and loyalty, interface between marketing and entrepreneurship, and services and relationship marketing. Karen Smalley (B.Comm. Hons, University of Melbourne) is an honors graduate in marketing at the University of Melbourne.     

Implementing a customer relationship strategy: The asymmetric impact of poor versus excellent execution

The benefits of developing customer relationships are well established. However, a well-intentioned relationship marketing strategy may fail because of poor implementation. In this study, the authors look at the effects of implementing a customer relationship strategy. Specifically, they examine the implementation of a personal-banker strategy as a means to developing customer relationships in the retail banking industry. The authors show that an “excellent” personal banker can increase overall customer satisfaction and loyalty compared to customers who do not have a personal banker. However, a poorly performing personal banker can result in lower overall customer satisfaction and loyalty than if no personal banker had been available. Moreover, the effects seem to be asymmetric, with the negative effects of a poor relationship strategy exceeding the positive benefits ofan “excellent” strategy. Mark R. Colgate is a senior lecturer in services marketing at the School of Business and Economics, University of Auckland, New Zealand. His research focuses on customer inertia, relationship marketing, and the interface between information technology and marketing. His research has been published in theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theInternational Journal of Service Industry Management, andThe Service Industries Journal and other services journals. Peter J. Danaher is a professor in the Department of Marketing Department at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He has a Ph.D. in statistics from Florida State University and an M.S. in statistics from Purdue. His primary research interests are media exposure distributions, advertising effectiveness, customer satisfaction measurement, forecasting and sample surveys, resulting in many publications in journals such as theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Advertising Research, theJournal of the American Statistical Association, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Business and Economic Statistics, and theAmerican Statistician. He has consulted extensively with Telecom, Optus Communications, Unilever, ACNielsen, and other market research companies.     

信任式服务的顾客忠诚形成机制及实践启示

信任式服务因其专业性和（或）“纯服务”等鲜明特征而使之显著区别于其他类型的服务,其顾客忠诚形成机制也因此具有独特性。针对医疗服务的实证分析表明：在信任式服务中,顾客信任在顾客忠诚形成机制体中起着关键性的作用,形成“服务质量→顾客信任→感知价值→顾客满意→顾客忠诚”的逻辑链;服务互动质量和结果质量通过顾客信任对顾客感知价值和顾客满意产生影响,进而影响顾客忠诚,但服务环境质量对顾客信任和顾客忠诚没有显著影响。因此,对顾客形成机制的研究需要区分产品和服务的类型以及服务质量的类型。提供信任式服务的组织应该重视并加强对服务人员与顾客互动能力的培养,提升服务人员与顾客的服务互动质量,并切实保障和提高服务结果质量,从而增强顾客信任,提升顾客忠诚。     

What attracts customers to online stores,and what keeps them coming back?

Many businesses on the Internet in the late 1990s spent wildly, doing whatever it might take to attract customers to their sites. It soon became clear that the challenge was not simply to bring the customers in the door but also to retain these customers for future purchases. The quest was on to discover what tactics had the most appeal to Internet shoppers. This study reveals survey and behavioral data drawn from Internet customers that reflect what was most important to the Internet shoppers and compare the factors for attraction versus retention. Since many have viewed the Internet as creating more perfect information for the buyer, the question arises as to how important price will be in the purchase process. What becomes clear from the analysis is that what attracts customers to the site are not the same dimensions critical in retaining customers on a longer term basis. David J. Reibstein is the William S. Woodside Professor and a professor of marketing at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. He was the executive director of the Marketing Science Institute from 1999 to 2001. He received his Ph.D. in industrial administration at Purdue University. He has authored numerous articles that have appeared in major marketing journals, including theJournal of Marketing Research, Marketing Science, Harvard Business Review, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Marketing, andJournal of Consumer Research. His primary research interests are in Internet marketing, competitive marketing strategy, market segmentation, marketing models, and understanding brand choice behavior. He has been actively involved as a consultant with a number of major companies and serves on the board of several companies and not-for-profit organizations.     

商业银行客户忠诚度研究

商业银行在客户管理过程中会遇到客户忠诚度低的情况,如何留住这些忠诚低的客户已经成为商业银行亟待解决的难题。本文首先分析了商业银行客户忠诚度的价值和影响因素,在此基础之上,提出了提升商业银行客户忠诚度的策略。     

吉林电信政企客户让渡价值分析

随着通信行业的重组,各个运营商都面临激烈的市场竞争。如何提供满足客户需求的产品,成为了各运营商关注的热点。为了赢得客户,吉林电信必须为客户提供比竞争对手具有更多＂客户让渡价值＂的产品。同时要有效地分析客户价值,积极建立一支有针对性的人才队伍,采取针对性的营销模式,使吉林电信业步入快速发展的轨道。     

Single and multiple person household shoppers: A focus on grocery store selection criteria and grocery shopping attitudes and behavior

Responses of single and multiple person household food shoppers are analyzed to determine whether the two groups differ with respect to (1) those store criteria which are important in selecting a food store, (2) attitudes and behavior concerning the grocery shopping activity, and (3) various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Even though many similarities were found between the two groups of shoppers, some differences were observed. The implications of these similarities and differences are discussed, with emphasis given to their impact on retail food store management and strategic planning.     

服务质量和感知价值对服务忠诚的影响——基于餐饮业和细分维度的探索

以餐饮业为调研对象,用结构方程方法探索服务质量和感知价值的细分维度对服务忠诚的影响.研究表明:服务质量的各细分维度对于服务忠诚的影响大多都是通过顾客感知价值的各个细分维度作中介来实现的,对服务忠诚具有直接影响的服务质量因素只有安全性因素;服务质量的移情性维度对感知价值的各维度均具显著影响,有形性维度对感知价值的价格、质量和社会维度具有积极的影响,可靠性维度与感知价值的情感维度相关,响应性维度与感知价值的情感和质量维度相关;感知价值除质量维度外,社会、情感、价格维度均对服务忠诚具有显著影响.因此,餐饮业企业应特别重视服务人员与顾客进行良好的人际互动,促进与顾客的情感交流,把向顾客提供高价值的服务作为提升服务忠诚的有效途径.