Turnover and Knowledge Loss: An Examination of the Differential Impact of Production Manager and Worker Turnover in Service and Manufacturing Firms

This research examines the comparative effects of production manager and worker turnover in service and manufacturing settings. We suggest that, due to the centrality of human action in services and the ability of manufacturers to insulate the technical core, service and manufacturing companies are differentially dependent on and impacted by the loss of production manager and worker knowledge. The results from a survey of 150 service and manufacturing firms provide partial support for this notion and show that turnover impacts these organizations differently. More specifically, we find that: (1) the negative impact of production worker turnover on firm performance is greater in service settings than in manufacturing settings; and (2) the negative impact of production worker turnover on firm performance is greater than the impact of production manager turnover in service firms. In addition, our findings show that organizational capital moderates the turnover–performance relationship for production workers in service firms.     

规划公众参与的转型研究——以南京市为例

研究背景是中西方规划参与发展过程,分析南京公众参与的主要形式.总结南京总体规划修编中公众参与的组织过程中的经验,如综合运用多种参与形式、认真分析和回复参与意见、反映和采纳公众意见等,分析在制度建立、设计组织、参与对象、意见分析、技术方法方面的存在问题.结合总规修编的公众参与的组织案例,提出改进措施,要普及宣传、加强共享...     

Recentralization as an Alternative to Urban Dispersion: Transformative Planning in a Neoliberal Societal Context

Growing dissatisfaction with the prevailing dispersed urban form and its generalized reliance on the automobile has resulted in the formulation of planning models seeking to substitute dispersed development with recentralization. A survey of 301 planning documents with a metropolitan focus, originating from the 58 US and Canadian urban regions with a population exceeding one million, reveals widespread support for urban recentralization. But interviews with 55 planners, involved in the preparation of these plans and/or the implementation of their proposals, highlight actual and foreseen barriers to the implementation of recentralization strategies. The article interprets the popularity of recentralization in planning documents as the outcome of planners' attempts to reconcile their commitment to sustainable development with societal factors affecting planning possibilities. Still, we anticipate serious problems in achieving large‐scale recentralization due to urban development path dependencies emanating from the prevailing urban form and dynamics, institutional structures, and from the limited urban transformative potential afforded by neoliberalism.     

“区域分析与规划”课程建设改革的思考——以城乡规划专业为例

本文在分析城乡规划专业必修课—《区域分析与规划》的课程内容及特点的基础上,提出在学院现有状况和定位下,怎样通过教学方法、教学评价等一系列手段提高学生的积极性、创新性、实践性;围绕教学内容、考核体系、观念转变、教学手段革新等方法,探索此门课程的改革。     

Circuits of Knowledge and Techniques: The Transnational Flow of Planning Ideas and Practices

This article considers the conceptual and methodological tools which may help to focus the critical analysis of transnational flows of planning ideas and practices in the present period. The discussion starts from the rejection of the ‘modernization myth’ with its linear concept of a single development trajectory and reviews the philosophical background to the array of alternative conceptions which have displaced it. It then examines three, often overlapping, fields of intellectual development which offer promising concepts for exploring contemporary transnational flows of planning ideas and practices: actor‐network theory (especially with respect to the way ideas and technologies get to ‘travel’ and get ‘translated’), institutionalist versions of policy ‘discourse analysis’ (discourse structuration and institutionalization, in particular), and discussions about circuits of knowledge and hegemonic projects in the globalization and international development literatures. Drawing on these, I suggest that critical analysis of such flows should give special attention to the ‘origin stories’ of such ideas, their ‘travelling histories’ and the ‘translation experiences’ through which exogenous planning ideas and practices become ‘localized’. I conclude by commenting on what may be distinctive about transnational flows in the present period, why undertaking critical analysis of such flows is valuable, and key methodological attitudes to keep in mind in conducting such analyses.     

‘Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Lower Your Carbon Footprint!’ — Urban Laboratories and the Governance of Low‐Carbon Futures

The increasing threat of climate change has created a pressing need for cities to lower their carbon footprints. Urban laboratories are emerging in numerous cities around the world as a strategy for local governments to partner with public and private property owners to reduce carbon emissions, while simultaneously stimulating economic growth. In this article, we use insights from laboratory studies to analyse the notion of urban laboratories as they relate to experimental governance, the carbonization agenda and the transition to low‐carbon economies. We present a case study of the Oxford Road corridor in Manchester in the UK that is emerging as a low‐carbon urban laboratory, with important policy implications for the city's future. The corridor is a bounded space where a public‐private partnership comprised of the City Council, two universities and other large property owners is redeveloping the physical infrastructure and installing monitoring equipment to create a recursive feedback loop intended to facilitate adaptive learning. This low‐carbon urban laboratory represents a classic sustainable development formula for coupling environmental protection with economic growth, using innovation and partnership as principal drivers. However, it also has significant implications in reworking the interplay of knowledge production and local governance, while reinforcing spatial differentiation and uneven participation in urban development.     

城乡统筹视角下城市边缘地区“三规合一”的探索与实践——以沈阳市于洪区为例

针对于洪区的土地特征和规划实施过程中的困境,在城乡统筹发展的背景下,剖析于洪区三规间的突出问题,并从空间规划体系、规划协调框架、城乡工作制度三方面提出具体的规划对策。     

适应型城市:将适应气候变化与气候风险管理纳入城市规划

气候变化对城市规划提出新的要求,即:通过人口、土地等资源的时空配置,最大限度地减小城市面临的潜在气候风险.本文从“城市发展如何考虑气候变化与风险管理需求”这一核心问题出发,探讨了气候风险、气候风险管理及适应型城市的概念和内容,指出在中国城市化提升阶段,城市发展迫切需要加强气候风险管理的意识和能力.基于国外城市应对气候变化风险的实践与经验,提出将适应与气候风险管理纳入城市规划,提出构建适应型城市的几个要点.     

Accounts from behind the Curtain: History and Geography in the Critical Analysis of Urban Theory

This article seeks to contribute to the debate on the proposal to decentre urban theory and to develop postcolonial urban studies, and on the related issue of the geography of the production and circulation of knowledge. It focuses on how scholars writing about post‐socialist cities explain why their sub‐field has so far contributed little to urban theory, and it proposes an alternative—historically informed—perspective on the issue. Based on an analysis of the ties and exchanges that existed between urban studies in Central and Eastern Europe and ‘West‐based' urban theory and research during the state‐socialist period, this article argues that the recognized current position of research on post‐socialist cities in relation to international urban scholarship has important historical parallels with the period prior to 1989. The article thus underlines the need to include a historically informed analysis of geography of knowledge production in critical thinking about urban theory and in the project of cosmopolitan urban studies. The capacities of researchers in different localities to contribute to this project are various and shaped by the history of the discipline. The conditions and perspectives in and from which researchers contribute to urban theory should therefore be taken into account if the project of cosmopolitan urban studies is to succeed.     

高校机器人科普文化产业探索与实践——以西北工业大学舞蹈机器人的推广与应用为例

随着我国科研实力的进步,依托高等院校建立的科普文化产业正在蓬勃发展。文章以西北工业大学舞蹈机器人的推广与应用为例,首先通过前期的市场调查提出高校机器人科普文化产业探索实践的五点原则,然后通过三个高校科普文化产业探索实践的案例——机器人校园行活动、科技夏令营活动、机器人文化产品的设计与营销,提出在实践探索阶段应如何进行相关产业发展,最后提出了具有西北工业大学特色的科普文化产业规划,促进了高校高技术产品从竞赛导向的单一模型向"研发—校园特色文化产品—社会商业表演"一体化商业模式的转变。     

How Portugal Became an ‘Unplanned Country’: A Critique of Scholarship on Portuguese Urban Development and Planning

In this article, I seek to expose how scholars came to construct the idea that Portugal is an ‘unplanned country’— a product of disorderly growth. While urban scholarship has now challenged the hegemonic view of spatial order as a proxy for modernity, development and progress, Portuguese scholarship has remained largely impervious to these debates as it consistently offers a view of the Portuguese city as ‘not quite yet’ modern and civilized. Based on a review of accounts by key authors recognized for their prominence and contribution to contemporary Portuguese scholarship, I argue that rather than being a constitutive fact of or truth about the Portuguese urban condition, the ‘unplanned country’ operates as an intellectual and discursive construct that organizes the experience of modernity, urban growth and social transformation throughout the twentieth century. The article discusses how Portuguese scholarship constructs the ‘unplanned country’ idea through insufficient engagement with relevant research and debates in urban studies and is based on several empirical shortcomings. The article concludes by offering a preliminary research agenda to address these imbalances. I suggest that such efforts could enhance the relevance and contribution of the Portuguese urban experience to recent calls for epistemological renewal in urban theory production. Cet article explique comment les chercheurs ont bâti l'idée que le Portugal est un ‘pays sans planification’, le résultat d'une croissance confuse. La recherche urbaine a désormais bousculé la vision hégémonique de l'ordre spatial comme indicateur de modernité, de développement et de progrès, mais la plupart des auteurs portugais sont restés hermétiques à ces débats, puisqu'ils dépeignent systématiquement la ville portugaise comme ‘pas encore tout à fait’ moderne et civilisée. En analysant les travaux d'auteurs déterminants, reconnus pour leur importance et leur contribution à la recherche portugaise contemporaine, cette étude préconise que, loin d'être un fait constitutif ou une vérité pour la situation urbaine portugaise, le ‘pays sans planification’ agit comme une notion intellectuelle et rhétorique qui structure l'expérience de modernité, de croissance et de transformation sociale au cours du XX^e siècle. L'idée de ‘pays sans planification’ est née d'un manque d'implication dans la recherche et dans les débats pertinents en sciences urbaines, ainsi que de plusieurs erreurs empiriques à la base de certaines démonstrations. La conclusion propose un programme d'études préliminaires pour remédier à ces anomalies. Ces travaux pourraient renforcer l'intérêt et l'apport de l'expérience urbaine portugaise dans le cadre de récents appels à un renouveau épistémologique dans la production de théories urbaines.     

城市用地结构与产业结构关联的实证研究——以重庆市为例

城市用地结构与产业结构的有机耦合是提高城市用地效益,促进产业结构高级化和城市整体功能提升的前提和保障。文章利用比例变化指数和Granger因果法对重庆市城市用地结构和产业结构耦合关系的实证研究显示:重庆市城市产业结构变化滞后于城市用地结构变化,城市用地结构变化与产业结构变化的差距呈现先上升后下降的趋势,即重庆市城市用地结构与产业结构的有机耦合在经历了非同步变化后逐渐步入同步变化的轨迹;短期内,城市用地结构变化推动产业结构的优化,随之,产业结构又反作用于城市用地结构;城市用地结构和产业结构同步变化轨迹还没有出现,这说明城市用地结构与产业结构互为因果的关系应在长期的调整、协调中才能得以实现。     

当前大学生职业生涯规划教育存在的问题与对策分析——以黑龙江科技学院例

随着高校扩招以及经济大环境的不断起伏,大学生的就业越来越受到社会各界的关注,目前的毕业生就业市场上出现了很多"先就业后择业"的情况发生,当前国内很多高校已经开展了职业生涯规划教育等课程,本文以黑龙江科技学院开展职业生涯规划教育课程为例,以问卷调查的方式分析了当前大学生职业生涯规划教育存在的问题及其对策。     

Financialization,Urban Governance and the Planning System: Utilizing ‘Development Viability’ as a Policy Narrative for the Liberalization of Ireland's Post‐Crash Planning System

Drawing upon the Irish case, this article explores the interaction between the financialized economy and the urban planning system. While considerable scholarship has examined the financialization of real estate, it remains unclear how planning systems are being repurposed to facilitate a finance‐led regime of urban growth or how the ‘real estate–financial complex’ seeks to enact planning policy transformations that support its interests. This article explores how such actors have advanced the concept of ‘financial viability of development’ as a means of influencing the post‐crisis re‐regulation of Irish planning policy. This group has argued that housing construction in post‐crash Ireland is unviable given the high development finance costs, onerous planning gain contributions and the lack of development certainty in the planning process. As such, housing construction has been at an all‐time‐low, leading to a new crisis in affordable housing provision. In response, a complicit state has further liberalized the planning system, introducing an array of policies that are evermore facilitative of development interests. Empirical findings, based on interviews with developers, lobbyists and planners, emphasize the importance of informal access to policymakers, the wielding of ‘expert knowledge’ and media management to co‐opt the state into adopting financial viability within planning policymaking.     

历史街区的有机更新与活力复兴研究——以青海同仁民主上街历史街区保护规划为例

论文针对我国在历史街区保护与改造中存在的问题,采取定性分析与实证研究相结合的方法,以青海同仁历史文化名城民主上街历史街区保护规划为例,探寻在城市现代化建设中如何保护、利用城市历史街区,并使之成为促进城市活力积极因素的方法.并从历史文化遗产保护理论、历史街区有机更新与活力复兴的内涵与原则,保护规划的具体方法三个方面提出了同仁民主上街历史街区的规划建设思路.总结出在规划建设中要运用有机更新的思想方法,保护街区的人文社会网络,传承与发展地域环境特色,才能达到活力复兴与可持续发展目标的结论.     

以科技竞赛为载体的大学生课外科技创新培养研究——以西安文理学院为例

在结合近几年西安文理学院机械电子工程系学生参加科技竞赛实践的基础上,深入分析探索科技竞赛对提高学生综合素质的作用,并提出加强大学生课外科技创新的培养的措施。     

基于蓝色经济区域的物流园区布局规划分析——以山东省为例

区域物流发展是区域经济发展的重要支撑,本文在分析山东省地区物流发展背景与趋势的基础上,对物流园区布局规划进行分析总结,指出物流园区在建设规模、网络布局等方面的协调发展特征,并对物流园区的分布式发展、专业化分工、规模控制等提出相应对策建议。     

科技视域下的河南文化创意产业发展研究——以河南戏曲为例

文章以河南戏曲文化创意产业发展为切入点,对电视传媒技术和互联网多传媒技术对河南戏曲创意产业发展的影响进行了分析,并通过对《梨园春》栏目和河南戏曲动画的实证和个案研究,有针对性地对现代化的传媒技术对河南戏曲文化创意产业发展的影响进行一些探析,研究如何提高河南文化创意产业发展的方法和途径,进而推动河南文化创意产业向深层次发展,为从科技的视角出发研究河南文化创意产业的运行规律提供一些思路。     

金融危机下当代大学生职业生涯规划现状和课程建设研究——以甘肃农业大学为例

职业生涯规划在当代大学生就业形势日益严重的情况下,尤其是近几年金融危机影响下显得更为迫切与重要。我国大学生的职业生涯规划课程建设的问题主要表现在:大学生缺乏专业实践能力,在职业生涯规划中存在性别及专业差异;职业生涯规划课程建设中存在缺乏全程性、连续性和针对性的问题,师资建设相对薄弱。针对以上问题大学生应提高自身的职业生涯规划能力,高校应明确该课程的目标,完善该课程体系;加强针对性指导;逐步建立和完善高素质、专业化的职业生涯指导教师队伍。     

低碳目标下城市产业结构调整与空间结构优化的协调——以杭州为例

以低能耗、低污染、低排放为特征的低碳经济发展模式成为城市发展转型的方向.低碳目标下城市发展方式转型的关键在于产业结构调整和空间结构优化的协调.文章以杭州为例分析了低碳城市建设中二者协调的经验和问题,并得出启示和政策建议.