生态旅游可持续发展--亚太地区部长级会议述评

生态旅游是 2 0世纪 80年代中后期在国际上产生并迅速发展起来的一种新兴旅游产品 ,为了使世界各国政府和企业更好地认识发展生态旅游带来的经济、社会和环境效益 ,进一步促进全球生态旅游的可持续发展 ,联合国通过召开一系列的国际会议来介绍和交流世界各国发展生态旅游的成功经验 ,研讨如何进一步促进全球生态旅游的可持续发展。2 0 0 2年 2月 11日～ 13日 ,世界旅游组织在马尔代夫召开了“亚太地区生态旅游可持续发展部长级会议” ,来自亚太地区 2 0多个国家和世界组织的近百名代表聚集在一起 ,共同对亚太地区生态旅游可持续发展进行了交…     

旅游人类学家谈中国旅游的可持续发展

2005年6月下旬至7月下旬,美国加州大学柏克莱分校的纳尔逊·格拉本(Nelson H.Graburn)教授和厦门大学彭兆荣教授在北京出席学者俱乐部性质的"国际旅游研究院双年会"(2005 Biennial Conference of International Academy for the Study of Tourism)后,赴四川、贵州和广西进行了为期20天的调研.借此机会,彭兆荣对格拉本教授进行了专访,内容涉及到中国旅游发展的可持续性,少数民族地区的旅游发展特点及潜在的危机,农业旅游与生态旅游的发展空间,旅游人类学研究中的"真实性",传统民族志在旅游研究中的范式问题等.     

乡村旅游可持续发展的内涵与路径探析

<正>随着乡村振兴的深入推进,乡村旅游得以快速发展,同时乡村旅游发展过程中的可持续性问题逐渐受到关注。文章首先系统地阐述了乡村旅游的概念、乡村旅游可持续发展的内涵与关键要素,然后基于环境承载力定义及指标体系总结了乡村旅游可持续发展的评价体系和乡村旅游可持续评估指标,最后提出了乡村旅游可持续发展策略,包括乡村资源的开发与保护、社区参与的管理模式、乡村文化保护与传承以及基础设施完善和服务提升。     

喀纳斯旅游资源可持续发展问题与对策

喀纳斯是新疆著名的旅游景区,旅游资源价值巨大.在对喀纳斯旅游资源开发管理中存在的诸如:旅游资源的保护意识不强,旅游资源开发缺乏科学规划,资源环境遭到破坏等问题进行分析的基础上,提出增强对资源的保护意识,科学规划、适度开发,实行旅游资源资产化管理,合理定位、提高经营企业进入门槛等建议,以期在保护的基础上合理开发喀纳斯旅游资源,更好地实现旅游资源的价值,实现资源利用的可持续发展.     

创意旅游:文化旅游的可持续发展之路

正1创意旅游的兴起及其内涵20世纪80年代以来,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,创意产业成为各国和各级政府促进产业转型与经济发展、解决经济社会环境问题的重要战略。旅游产业的体验性和参与性特征,以及显著的产业连带效应,使其能够与文化创意产业完美融合;加之旅游业本身就是与文化密切相关的产业,无论是广告、动漫、时尚与时装设计等现代创意产业,还是承载传统文化的手工艺品、表演艺术等传统创意产业,都能够与旅游业巧妙结合,产生强大的经济和     

我国乡村旅游可持续发展策略

在我国经济发展以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局之下,乡村振兴已经成为我国经济振兴的压舱石。本文首先对乡村旅游可持续发展的内涵进行分析,在引入生态文明视角、城乡一体化视角以及旅游季节生命周期视角之后,提出相关可行的对策。     

新时代乡村旅游可持续发展研究

随着我国经济发展与人民生活水平的提升,旅游已成为我国城乡居民的重要娱乐项目。如今越来越多的城市人向往农村生活,同时乡村物质生活不断丰富,受到了城市居民的向往,为此乡村旅游事业突飞猛进,达到了前所未有的高度。然而乡村旅游仍存在一定不足,如营销策略不完善、基础设施存在问题、环保意识不足等。为促进乡村旅游的可持续化发展,笔者探究了当前形势下乡村旅游发展现状,提出了乡村旅游可持续发展策略。     

旅游规划环境影响评价:促进旅游产业可持续发展的有效途径

旅游规划环境影响评价是指在规划编制阶段,对规划实施可能造成的环境影响进行分析、预测和评价,并提出预防或者减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施的过程,它是旅游项目环境影响评价(EIA)在规划层次上的应用.     

吉林省旅游产业可持续发展战略导向与策略思考

为了推动吉林省旅游产业的可持续发展,文章分析可持续发展的概念和原则,结合吉林省旅游资源概况,提出吉林省旅游产业可持续发展的具体策略,包括确定吉林省旅游产业的发展方向、制定可持续发展目标、采用合理的资源利用和环境保护策略、促进旅游业与当地社区的协同发展等。通过这些策略的综合运用,可以促进旅游业与当地经济的协同发展,提升吉林省旅游业的竞争力,实现吉林省旅游产业的可持续发展目标。     

浅析民族地区旅游可持续发展的某些限制性因素

近20年来,民族旅游业极大地推动了民族地区社会和经济的发展。然而,在民族旅游业迅速发展的过程中,一些民族地区的自然和人文资源也受到了威胁和破坏。可持续发展是我国旅游业发展的基本战略。无论何种性质的旅游业,只有把可持续发展作为其发展的基本模式,才可能有效地利用和保护旅游资源。本文在实地考察的基础上,并借鉴一些他人的调查资料,对限制民族旅游业的可持续发展中的一些因素进行了初步的分析,指出目前我国的一些相关的理论和政策都存在一些误区。要使我国民族旅游业持续发展下去,理论上对旅游业的性质需要进一步明确,政策上田要进一步朝着有利于当地人的利益方面进行调整。     

The human dimensions of wildlife tourism in a developing country: watching spinner dolphins at Lovina,Bali, Indonesia

The number of cetacean watching tourism operations in developing countries has doubled in the past decade. Practices are typically unregulated and not informed by research, especially research into the human dimensions of the tourist experience. Dolphin watching tourism at Lovina, Bali, started in the late 1980s when local fishers formed self-regulating cooperatives. Up to 180 dedicated operators use small fishing vessels to carry passengers to watch dolphins close to shore. Most tourists come from western countries, although the industry also attracts Asian visitors. Most visitors are tertiary-educated. Tourist satisfaction ranges from low to medium. While there was no significant difference between the average satisfaction of western and Asian tourists, the associated variables were different. The satisfaction of western tourists was associated with encounter management, preferred number of boats and the number of dolphins seen. Encounter management was the only variable associated with the satisfaction of Asian tourists. Satisfaction was positively associated with willingness to recommend the tour: western respondents who felt neutral to very comfortable with their dolphin encounters were more likely to promote the tour. Better understanding of the tourist experience is crucial in designing sustainable marine wildlife tourism in developing countries; such research appears to be rare.     

Spiritual retreat tourism development in the Asia Pacific region: investigating the impact of tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit: a Chiang Mai,Thailand case study

The aim of this research is to investigate how spiritual retreat tourism influences tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit a destination. A quantitative approach was employed and a self-administered survey was used to collect data. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyze data. The results revealed that push factors including novelty, relaxation, transcendence, self-esteem, physical appearance and escape influence spiritual retreat tourist satisfaction; while pull factors, especially authentic experiences, natural settings, peaceful atmosphere, far from the usual places and historical significance, influence spiritual retreat tourist satisfaction, in turn leading to intention to revisit the same destination.     

Sustainable tourism and its use as a development strategy in Cambodia: a systematic literature review

Governments in many developing countries endorse sustainable tourism, despite associated practical limitations and challenges as a development strategy. Using the case of Cambodia, this paper illustrates how sustainable tourism issues in a developing country may be better understood through a systematic review of scattered relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature. This can help in identifying emergent themes and challenges, gaps in knowledge, and opportunities for future research. Analysis of 77 documents on Cambodia's sustainable tourism revealed themes and challenges relating to: (1) an emphasis on nature-based tourism (ecotourism); (2) calls for greater community engagement for sustainable outcomes; (3) stakeholder perceptions and values as drivers of tourism success; (4) cultural heritage as a key tourism attraction; and (5) foreign investment shaping Cambodia's tourism future. Unequal emphasis is given to key government policies for tourism development and there is limited practical guidance on how to realise a vision of sustainable tourism. There is a lack of consideration of how the socio-economic and cultural context affects sustainable tourism. The evidence suggests that sustainable tourism in Cambodia is questionable until fundamental economic, social capacity and policy issues are addressed, along with greater emphasis given to the tourism system's demand side.     

Benchmarking the Asia Pacific tourism industry: A Bayesian combination of DEA and stochastic frontier

This study measures and compares the efficiency of leading tour operator and hotel companies across several Asia Pacific countries. We use an innovative methodology that is based on combining the stochastic frontier and data envelopment analysis in a Bayes framework. We show from the results that Australia, Singapore and South Korea are the most efficient in both their tour operator and hotel industries. We further show that international hotels in the region have a slightly higher efficiency than local hotels. We provide a listing of the most efficient tour operators and hotels in each country and discuss the implications of our findings.     

Two-dimensional mapping of Asia Pacific destinations combining tourism and economic indicators

The present study aims to cluster five Asia Pacific destinations (Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore) with respect to other countries according to the evolution of the main tourism and economic indicators over the period between 2000 and 2014. By assigning a numerical value to each country corresponding to its position, we summarize all the information into two components (“tourism expenditure and profitability of tourism activity” and “tourism development and economic growth”) using different multivariate techniques for dimensionality reduction. By means of perceptual maps, we find that the five Asia Pacific destinations can be clustered into three different groups: Hong Kong and Singapore, which are the most mature markets; Indonesia and the Philippines, with moderate growth rates in most variables; and Cambodia, with top positions in all variables, showing a huge potential in terms of growth and tourism development and the challenges derived therefrom.     

Ensuring good governance of marine wildlife tourism: a case study of ray-based tourism at Hamelin Bay,Western Australia

This paper focuses on stingray and eagle ray tourism in Hamelin Bay, Western Australia, and examines whether current governance arrangements are sufficient. Utilising a desk-based methodology we review the literature and analyse the relevant legal provisions and management practices to determine whether these are appropriate given growth in tourism numbers. Although stricter controls were recommended over ten years ago, and some reforms were made, we find that governance remains limited. We make recommendations for the future with implications for governance in Australia and other regions where marine-based tourism is expanding and must be sustainably managed.     

South Pacific tourism in the mid-1980s

The Pacific Islands have weathered the world economic recession well, but not without changes in their approach to tourism. Poor economic conditions coupled with US airline deregulation caused considerable reassessment. The fear of recession, together with optimism concerning the future resulted in new services (while others were going out of business), a spate of hotel construction plans (even in areas with low occupancy rates) and a softening of attitudes towards tourism. The possibility of a huge Pacific Basin (Rim) market strongly influenced these development policies.     

Perceptions of surfing tourism operators regarding sustainable tourism development in the Mentawai Islands,Indonesia

Surfing tourism has the potential to provide significant economic income and employment opportunities. However, the development of surfing tourism in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia, has raised important questions regarding its impacts and sustainability. Economic leakages, increased pressure on the environment and resources, and adverse effects on local communities have been shown as the major barriers to sustainable development. This article provides insights into how surfing tourism operators perceive the development and impacts of the Mentawai Islands surfing tourism industry. This research project uses an interpretive qualitative approach and follows a case study methodology utilising semi-structured interviews with resort and charter boat surfing tourism operators. The study also investigated possible future directions for creating a more sustainable surfing tourism industry in the Mentawai Islands. Findings from the research showed that charter boat operators and resort operators had differing views as to how surfing tourism had developed: resort operators believed it to be sustainable, while charter boat operators felt it was unsustainable. A key finding of this study was that operators felt that surfing tourism had dramatically altered the traditional Mentawai village of Katiet and was producing adverse socio-cultural impacts on the local community. It is recommended that future research explore the issue of the impacts of surfing tourism development on other remote locations in Indonesia and other surfing tourism destinations around the globe.     

野生动物观赏旅游者的敬畏感体验：基于斯里兰卡大象旅游的实证研究

野生动物观赏旅游在唤起敬畏感方面有着巨大潜力,值得研究者多加重视。本研究以斯里兰卡大象旅游为例,试图对敬畏感所包含的4个维度（时间感、联通、浩瀚和适应）进行描述性分析,并对具有不同人口统计学特征或旅游行为特征以及到访不同野生动物生境下的旅游者所获得的敬畏感差异进行检验。采用独立样本T检验和单因素方差分析等方法对回收数据进行分析。结果表明,大多数旅游者获得较强的敬畏感,但旅游者之间存在一定差异。其中,女性、中年人或受过高等教育的旅游者能够获得更强的敬畏感;与大象拥有特定文化联系的斯里兰卡和印度游客体验到的浩瀚和适应感明显高于西方游客。此外,自然情境在旅游者获得的适应感方面亦发挥重要作用。     

不同伦理取向野生动物旅游景区的游客具身性体验差异研究——基于网络文本评论与IPA模型分析

人和动物的和谐关系是野生动物旅游可持续发展的关键。本文从动物伦理观出发,将网络评论作为数据源,运用文本挖掘、社会网络分析以及IPA模型分析方法,对不同伦理取向野生动物旅游景区的游客具身性体验差异进行分析。研究发现：（1）不同的伦理取向会影响野生动物旅游景区的运营;（2）在具身理论视角下,野生动物旅游体验是一种涵盖身体性体验、情境性体验与感知性体验的多维、复杂性体验,呈现出三层六个维度的特征;（3）不同伦理取向的野生动物旅游景区因供给方面的差异,游客的体验存在着以感知性体验为主和以身体性体验为主的具身性结构差异。