Spatial spillover effects and risk contagion around G20 stock markets based on volatility network

Employing the spatial econometric model as well as the complex network theory, this study investigates the spatial spillovers of volatility among G20 stock markets and explores the influential factors of financial risk. To achieve this objective, we use GARCH-BEKK model to construct the volatility network of G20 stock markets, and calculate the Bonacich centrality to capture the most active and influential nodes. Finally, we innovatively use the volatility network matrix as spatial weight matrix and establish spatial Durbin model to measure the direct and spatial spillover effects. We highlight several key observations: there are significant spatial spillover effects in global stock markets; volatility spillover network exists aggregation effects, hierarchical structure and dynamic evolution features; the risk contagion capability of traditional financial power countries falls, while that of “financial small countries” rises; stock market volatility, government debt and inflation are positively correlated with systemic risk, while current account and macroeconomic performance are negatively correlated; the indirect spillover effects of all explanatory variables on systemic risk are greater than the direct spillover effects.     

区域间公共基础设施溢出效应研究

运用中国各省(市、自治区)1990-2008年的面板数据,通过建立空间计量模型,对区域问基础设施投资的空间外溢性进行检验.研究结果显示.公共基础设施投资对区域经济的增长不仅在本区域内具有外部溢出效应,在区域间也存在显著的外部溢出效应.这表明莱一地区的公共基础设施投入不仅可以提升本地区的产出,也会对相邻区域的经济增长产生...     

中国城市创新空间溢出及其影响因素——基于行政边界效应的视角

在城市创新空间溢出效应的研究中,空间计量对于空间权重的选择具有敏感性。基于2003—2018年我国271个主要城市的面板数据,通过引入强、弱行政调节因子构建改进的空间权重,对创新空间自相关性进行比较。进一步引入杜宾模型实证分析了城市人口规模、产业集聚等因素对城市之间创新溢出的影响,并对创新空间关联进行分解,以探讨行政调节对各个城市创新溢出影响因素的差异性。研究发现,在考察期内中国城市创新存在空间依赖性和相互促进作用,城市创新空间溢出也会受到行政边界效应的影响;在地理距离空间上,城市人口规模能够促进城市间的创新溢出,但行政调节会减弱其影响。产业专业化集聚和多样化集聚抑制了创新溢出,但行政调节可以削弱这种不利影响;在经济距离空间上,城市人口规模、产业专业化集聚和人力资本等因素能显著促进城市间的创新溢出,行政调节产生的作用不大。各个城市各创新影响因素表现出的差异性为我国各级政府制定创新政策与协调实践提供理论和经验依据。     

FDI溢出对高经济产出区的增长影响

运用空间Durbin模型和极大似然估计技术,以1991-2012年大长三角25城市和大珠三角21城市面板数据,对比检验了FDI溢出与城市生产率间的基本关系。发现：FDI对本地城市增长正效应显著存在并随时间增强,其空间溢出显著但在二地区行为相反;空间依赖在城市生产率增长中有增强趋势,但在二地区方向相异;FDI提高了二地区城市增长的条件收敛速度;空间溢出在二地区的核心和外围都存在但表现各异并有不同演变。上述结论对于二地区引进FDI和促进城市发展具有重要政策含义。     

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUALITY OF LIFE AMENITIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEAST USA

This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about amenity-driven rural development strategies by examining the relationship between quality of life amenities and rural economic development in the Southeast USA. The premise is that what is true at a national level may provide a partial or misleading picture when we look at particular areas. Additionally, data available at the county level can often provide richer and more precise information than what is found at the national level. The paper estimates spatial regression models using county-level data. For the most part, the results suggest that the differences in quality of life and amenities factors can explain a large portion of the trend in per capita income, employment and population change across counties in the Southeast USA.     

均衡性转移支付、税制结构与共同富裕

新发展阶段，要加快实现共同富裕，就需要重视均衡性转移支付和税制结构的调节作用。基于极值熵值法测度的共同富裕综合指数构建面板Tobit模型、空间滞后模型和门槛模型，从均衡性转移支付和税制结构的不同视角，探究上述因素对共同富裕的多重影响，结果发现：从基准回归和空间滞后模型看，共同富裕存在显著的空间溢出效应，均衡性转移支付对共同富裕的直接和空间促进效应尚未体现，以直接税和间接税为主体的税制结构的直接和空间效应显著为正，且均衡性转移支付能够调节税制结构的直接和空间溢出效应。进一步分析发现，均衡性转移支付与共同富裕之间存在由“门槛效应”引起的非线性关系，合理的均衡性转移支付显著促进共同富裕，且随着均衡性转移支付的提升，其促进效应不断减弱。动态空间滞后模型显示，共同富裕滞后一期的直接和空间溢出效应均显著为正。以上研究结论对中国政府优化财税体制、推进共同富裕具有重要启示。     

技术创新领域的选择、专业化与区域经济增长

选择正确的技术领域并实现专业化是各地区在创新驱动发展战略下的重要课题。为考察技术专业化对经济增长的影响,利用专利数据,构建两种不同领域的技术专业化指标,设计包含交互项的空间计量模型以及中介效应模型,检验不同类型的技术专业化对经济增长的作用机制和溢出效应,为区域技术创新重点领域的选择提供参考。结果表明：技术专业化对经济增长的作用会受技术创新能力高低的影响,在一定的创新能力条件下,专业化于自身优势产业所对应的技术领域对经济的正向作用会被削弱,而专业化于具有高技术机会的技术领域对经济的正向作用会被更有效地发挥,因此不同的创新发展阶段应选择不同的技术专业化模式。此外,高机会技术领域的专业化具有正的空间溢出效应。     

Industrial and Spatial Spillovers and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Taiwan High-Technology Plant Level Data

The purpose of this paper is to recognize the importance of innovation networks and incorporate various types of knowledge and spatial spillovers and their associated adjustments on productivity growth. We explore the temporal, spatial, and industrial/sectoral spillovers using a dynamic external spillover model that assumes each firm derives an optimal plan such that the expected present value of current and future cost streams is minimized. The goal is to measure and evaluate various types of spillover mechanisms, which allow us both to quantify their cost effects and evaluate the contribution of such inter-dependencies on productive performance.JEL Classification: D2, L6, O3     

Financial openness and Chinese regional growth imbalance: New insight from spatial spillovers

This paper uses spatial panel methods and Chinese provincial data from 2003 to 2017 to study the spatial spillovers of financial openness on economic growth. The results show, first, a positive direct effect and an overall negative spatial spillover of financial openness on provincial growth. Second, there are two spatial spillover channels: a positive growth externality and a harmful resource competition among provinces. Third, we estimate the state dependence and dynamics of spatial spillover, and find that the negative spatial spillover is smaller in provinces with high levels of financial openness and in the long term; thus, the negative spatial spillover declined over time. These results are robust to the choice of SDM and GNS spatial econometrics methods and under different spatial weight matrices.     

基础设施投资的空间溢出效应分析——以沪昆线沿线城市为例

以沪昆铁路沿线区域及城市经济发展为分析对象,实证分析了我国基础设施投资的空间溢出效应。认为沪昆线的基础设施投资既产生了提高沿线区域及城市的运输能力、扩大沿线贸易量、调整沿线产业结构、促进沿线经济增长的空间正溢出效应,也产生了加剧沿线地区及城市要素的非均衡流动、非均衡经济增长的空间负溢出效应。     

Location determinants of high-growth firms

County-level location patterns of INC5000 companies provide one map of American entrepreneurship and innovativeness, and understanding the local factors associated with these firms’ emergence is important for stimulating regional economic growth and innovation. We draw on the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to motivate our regression model, and augment this theory with additional regional features that have been found to be important in the firm location literature. Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions indicate that these firms exist in counties with larger average establishment size, higher educational attainment and more natural amenities. Income growth, a mix of higher paying industries, and more banks per capita are associated with a smaller presence of these types of firms, all else equal. We conclude that the local conditions favouring high-growth firms are likely to be different from those favouring new firms in general, and that these conditions differ significantly in urban and rural areas and by industrial sectors.     

MODELING REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH A FOCUS ON AMENITIES

While the literature is clear that areas endowed with scenic beauty, lakes, forests, and wildlife among other natural and built amenities are experiencing robust economic growth, the theoretical foundations for this work are weak. In this study, we employ a Bayesian Modeling Average (BMA) approach to address the problem of model specification. Using data for US counties, we estimate a neoclassical growth model while looking at growth over the 1990s. We look at three separate ways of measuring amenities and recreational opportunities that build on those amenities. While the results suggest that higher amenity areas experience faster growth, still some level of value-added development may be required to realize that growth.     

The effect of corruption on environmental performance: Does spatial dependence play a role?

Different from previous studies that mainly focused on conventional estimation techniques, this paper explores the role of spatial dependence in the effect of corruption on environmental performance by using a spatial panel data model. Our results show that the direct effects, indirect effects and total effects of corruption on environmental performance are negative and highly significant, implying that corruption is detrimental to environmental performance. More importantly, we find that there is a significant spatial spillover effect between corruption and environmental performance, namely being surrounded by highly corrupt countries has a negative impact on the local country’s environmental performance. Our results also suggest that a larger population density will worsen the environment, while urbanization has a significant positive impact. These results provide some important implications for policymakers seeking to improve their environmental performance.     

中国产业结构升级能缩小城乡消费差距吗？

运用空间面板计量经济模型从时间维度和区域差异视角探讨产业结构升级对城乡消费差距的作用机理。研究表明,中国城乡消费差距存在显著的空间集聚性,产业结构升级能有效缩小城乡消费差距,但在不同时期、不同区域,作用效果存在差异。1993~2002年产业结构升级拉大城乡消费差距,而2003~2012年"减缩"作用显著,且有正向的空间溢出效应;东部产业结构升级对城乡消费差距影响不显著,但有正向的空间溢出效应,中部拉大城乡消费差距;西部缩小城乡消费差距,存在负向的空间溢出效应。城镇化发展、政府行为等缩小城乡消费差距,经济开放水平和城乡收入差距等拉大城乡消费差距。     

中国农村金融集聚对农民消费影响的空间效应研究

研究目标:从空间维度考察农村金融集聚对农民消费的影响。研究方法:利用2009～2018年30个省份和四大区域的面板数据,构建空间杜宾模型,估计金融集聚的空间效应,即特定地区农民消费如何关联于本地区和邻近地区的金融集聚。研究发现:在全国省级层面上,农民消费不仅受本省农村金融集聚的显著影响,同时还受到邻近省份空间溢出的显著影响。分区域检验显示,一方面,东部和东北部地区农民消费受到域内金融集聚的影响显著,而中、西部地区则不显著。这一区域差异与农民收入对农民消费的影响具有一致性,但农民收入影响更大。另一方面,中部、西部和东北地区的农民消费受邻近区域金融集聚溢出效应的影响显著,但东部地区则不显著。研究表明,一是农村金融发展对农民消费具有重要影响,二是农民收入过低会弱化金融发展对消费促进效应,增加农民收入是提升消费的根本;三是加强落后地区与发达地区金融合作有利于实现共赢。研究创新:将空间效应引入农村金融集聚对农民消费影响的研究,探究了该影响的空间特征及关联性。研究价值:对农村金融集聚的消费促进效应做出了更全面的评价,为发挥农村金融促进农民消费的政策制定和实施提供抓手。     

Instability spillovers in the banking sector: A spatial econometrics approach

In the study, we employ a dynamic spatial panel model to identify factors that are the sources of instability spillover in the banking sector. Using a sample of publicly listed banks, we document that the stability of a bank depends not only on its own characteristics and the macroeconomic conditions of its home country, but also on the stability of other banks in the same and other countries. We find weak evidence that the spillover effects are greater from domestic banks than from foreign ones. This study has significant implications for market regulators in terms of the role of country interdependence as a spillover mechanism during times of financial turbulence.     

环境规制与经济增长关系再研究——基于半参数空间模型

论文采用2005-2017年我国30个省份的面板数据,考虑经济增长的溢出效应,利用空间杜宾模型和半参数空间杜宾模型研究环境规制与经济增长的关系。结果表明:第一,中国经济增长存在显著的正空间相关性,在普通参数模型和空间杜宾模型中环境规制对经济增长的影响不显著。第二,半参数空间杜宾模型的拟合优度高于空间杜宾模型,同时,环境规制与经济增长存在显著的非线性关系。     

The Capitalization of Public Services and Amenities into Land Prices — Empirical Evidence from German Communities

Applying the hedonic approach to land prices, this article investigates the capitalization of public services and pure amenities in a cross section of German communities. Possible spillover effects from neighboring municipalities are explicitly included in the analysis and prove to be of considerable importance. Estimates of the impacts of local attributes on land prices are obtained taking into account the spatial structure among unobserved variables. The results confirm that differences in land prices are largely attributable to local conditions and policies. This implies a significant degree of mobility as well as high estimation of local attributes on the part of German households.     

区域城市间住宅价格波动溢出效应的内涵分析

为了明确住宅价格波动溢出效应所包含的深层内涵,并为以后的空间计量经济建模数据分析提供理论阐释,通过对波纹效应和波动溢出效应的概念归纳得出住宅价格波动溢出效应的定义,从基础理论支撑、主体关系、客体影响因素和存在环境四个方面构建其理论框架。最后,从城市层级、人口迁移、城市经济基本面和心理预期四个类别进行多层次的内在因果关系分析,得出其完整的形成机理。     

Estimating cigarette-tax revenue

This paper presents a cigarette-tax revenue model which predicts potential tax revenues. The model is unique in that revenues are estimated in a two-stage process which is invariant to the type of state sales/excise tax regime. The model also controls for cross-state spillover effects. The empirical model was estimated using data from Alabama and surrounding states from 1955 to 1990. The results suggest the demand for cigarettes in Alabama is relatively inelastic; spillover effects are found but are small in scale; and additional revenue potentials can be realized by changes in the tax regime.