陕北草场生态经济效益协调发展研究

本文根据生态经济效益理论和生态经济均衡论,引入协调性概念,对陕北榆林地区北六县草场资源的生态、经济、社会效益之间的关系进行定量研究。结果表明,建立高投入、高产出的良性生态经济循环系统,是根本解决本区环境与社会经济之间矛盾,保持草场资源持续发展的最佳途径     

高校教师人力资源对社会发展的战略意义

高校教师人力资源在发挥人力资源本身作用的同时,不断地再造与重塑社会人力资源。作为重要的生产要素,在为社会经济发展做出贡献的同时,重要的是她能够也应该引领社会的先进文化、选择与传承优秀的人类文明,从而区别于其他生产要素而为社会和谐与科学发展具有重要的战略意义。     

SOCIAL COOPERATIVES IN ITALY: ECONOMIC ANTECEDENTS AND REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION

Social cooperatives represent the most notable form of non‐profit organizations operating in Italy in the social services field, the birth and development of which has been strongly linked to, and conditioned by, the needs and resources of territories and communities. This paper intends to demonstrate how certain socio‐economic factors, recognized in economic literature as antecedents of the development of social enterprises, may account for the spread of social cooperatives in different Italian regions. Furthermore, the research results demonstrate an inter‐regional differentiation of the shape social cooperation has entered into in Italy.     

新疆财政支出状况分析与对策建议

随着我国社会经济发展的转型,政府职能不断扩大,财政分配涉及的范围越来越广泛。依据我国现行财政管理体制,地方财政支出在整个国家财政支出中占有很重要的地位。新疆由于其特殊的地理位置、多元文化、资源主导的经济结构等原因,在政府行使其职能时必然有别于其他省份,本文通过分析新疆财政支出规模与结构的现状,提出应建立促进新疆社会经济发展的最优财政支出规模,进而提高新疆财政支出效率的对策建议。     

Social technology and economic development

The large gap between the best available technology and technology in use, especially in the less developed world, is primarily due to social and cultural factors that can only be changed by means of deliberately applied social technologies. Thus, conventional strategies for global population stabilization, economic development, and environmental improvement often put the cart before the horse.     

货币契约、金融功能与经济发展

本文从交换的角度出发,认为货币是一种为了节约交易费用而设计的载有对社会资源支配权的契约。契约的目的是保障货币作为一种有效率的交换媒介,从而降低交易成本。从契约这一视角理解货币可以发现金融系统有三项重要功能:组织社会资源进行生产、调节消费与投资的比例和风险管理。笔者基于金融系统对消费投资比例的调节功能,通过构建模型说明,发展中国家可以通过完善市场机制和金融系统功能,借助市场的力量实现投资与消费的最优比例,从而使经济得到最优的发展。     

人力资源会计管理成本分析

随着社会经济的发展,人们越来越认识到,人力资源是社会经济活动中具有特殊重要意义的资源。从人力资源和人力资源会计的概念入手,通过对人力资源会计成本详尽的分析,从而揭示了人力资源会计成本控制的积极意义以及如何控制人力资源会计成本。     

SOCIAL MATRICES AND INDICATORS IN THE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN ECONOMY

This paper discusses the relevance of the conventional national accounts systems to the traditional African economy and concludes that they contribute little because they omit certain economic activities and fail to recognise the reciprocity between social and economic activities. Social accounting is thus more relevant. Lack of statistical data may make it necessary to conduct special surveys and in some cases a tribe or village or economic region may be a more useful accounting unit than a nation. A modified system of accounts is suggested, based on the frame work of the four consolidated accounts of the SNA. It provides linkages to many more nonmonetised activities. Other linkages would be provided through supporting tables emphasising social activities and transfers. A system of transactor accounts in matrix form is also suggested. In the case of communities smaller than the nation several external transactor sectors could be included. It is recognised that the problem of evaluation of social activities and a number of economic activities remains to be solved and it is concluded that "time spent" may be the only common unit or value to equate such activities.
The final section deals with investment in human resources and proposes a balance sheet approach to indicative planning. This exercise would be related to demographic projections in several variants. Other factors to be analysed dynamically would be education and health status, public finance and, ultimately, distribution of income and wealth since it is noted that the process of monetisation is having an impact which may have important welfare implications.     

身份政治：回归社区后的北京市下岗失业职工的生计策略

本文基于北京市城区下岗职工的日常生活策略访谈和田野调查而来,关注北京国企下岗职工回归社区后,如何通过身份斗争来谋取资源,维持生计。回归社区后的下岗失业职工的集体身份,由多重因素建构,并且服从于实践利益的需要。本文并没有刻意导向阶级分析的思路,而是沿着文化身份的意义进行分析。     

Management of non-timber forestry products extraction: Local institutions, ecological knowledge and market structure in South-Eastern Zimbabwe

Common-pool resources (CPRs), such as forests, water resources and rangelands, provide a wide variety of economic benefits to forest-fringe dwellers in semi-arid areas of southern Africa. However, the public nature and competition involved in the use of these goods, and weak enforcement of institutional arrangements governing their use may lead to resource degradation. Using survey data from four communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe for 2008 and 2009, this paper examines the extent to which forest degradation is driven by existing common property management regimes resource and user characteristics, ecological knowledge and marketing structure. A Principal Component Analysis indicates that the existence of agreed-upon rules governing usage (including costs of usage), enforcement of these rules, sanctions for rule violations that are proportional to the severity of rule violation, social homogeneity, and strong beliefs in ancestral spirits were the most important attributes determining effectiveness of local institutions in the management of CPRs. Empirical results from a regression analysis showed that resource scarcity, market integration, and infrastructural development lead to greater resource degradation, while livestock income, high ecological knowledge, older households, and effective local institutional management of the commons reduce resource degradation. The results suggest that there is need for adaptive local management systems that enhance ecological knowledge of users and regulates market structure to favour long-term livelihood securities of these forest-fringe communities.     

节约增长的内涵和路径选择

近年来我国经济社会快速发展的同时,伴随着资源的大量消耗,给经济社会带来了巨大的成本代价,制约经济科学发展的资源瓶颈日益凸显。按照以科学发展观统领经济社会发展的新要求,在经济社会运行中对资源需求进行减量化,以最少的资源消耗创造最大的经济和社会效益,形成节约型增长方式,这是我国实现经济又好又快发展、全面建设小康社会、构建和谐社会的重要保障。     

Social Economics and Evolutionary Learning

The major premise of this paper is that social and individual well-being depends significantly on people's capacity to learn and unlearn in communication with each other. This paper builds on social economic traditions that see communication and conversation as evolutionary generative and adaptive mechanisms through which individual and social learning occurs. Drawing on educational psychology and organizational behavior scholarship, five dynamic processes of conversational learning are introduced with the contention that they can help social economists understand at a micro level more deeply and more concretely how learning happens in the give-and-take of conversation. The paper explores the role of the state, organizations, and communities in fostering individual freedom and dignity, human rights, and economic democracy and concludes that the investment of value in people and their capability for purposeful action as social economic stakeholders can be enhanced through conversation as learning.     

社会平等、中性政府与中国经济增长

本文从社会平等的角度给出了一个对中国经济增长的政治经济学解释。本文的理论模型表明,平等的社会结构使得政府选择成为一个中性政府,即在社会群体之间没有特定长期偏好的政府,这样的政府更可能把资源分配给生产力比较高的社会群体,从而促进经济增长。得益于中国革命所带来的平等的社会结构,以及改革开放初期党的工作重点向经济建设的转移,中国政府在过去三十多年是一个中性政府,采纳了有利于经济长期发展的政策。但同时,政府把有限的资源分配给生产力较高的群体或地区,必然会扩大收入差距。     

自主创新视角下的云南资源型经济转型战略探索

云南是众所周知的资源大省,物产富饶。但是这种长期以资源为依托的经济增长方式对云南的经济、社会产生了很大的负面影响。如何改变云南资源型经济一头独大的经济发展模式,实现经济社会的健康可持续发展?本文从技术创新角度出发,对云南资源型经济存在的问题进行分析,并对云南资源型经济转型提出了探索性的创新战略。     

A study on tourism development model with dynamic mechanism of circular economy

With the social and economic development,conflict among the shortage of resources,environmental destruction and economic development is ever more pronounced.In this context,the circular economy was gradually accepted.Guided by sustainable development concept and promoted by six external forces,tourism circular economy take tourism micro-cycle model as the core,implement in corporate and social levels,improve resource utilization efficiency,reduce tourism＇s adverse impacts on the surrounding environment through recycling,reducing and reusing resources,achieve economic,social and environmental development of the organic unity.     

关于水资源可持续开发利用的思考——以山西为例

水资源不足已经成为制约山西国民经济和社会发展、实现全面建设小康社会战略目标的重要因素.根据当前和今后一段时期山西经济社会发展的趋势,从合理配置水资源、提高资源利用效率出发,提出水资源支撑山西经济社会发展的对策建议.     

从社交网络到地理网络——基于南京市高校新浪微博用户的分析

面对网络时代下人类信息传递和社交方式的革命性突破,文章以南京市高校师生的新浪微博用户作为抽样源群体,但在研究思路上又不局限于该师生样本,而是以各样本为原点来分别串联、圈定和分析其跨区域的网络社交关系;继而以"社交网络+地理网络"作为贯穿性主题词和关键指标,按"总体把握"和"师生比较"两个层面展开高校的网络社交特征与时空规律探讨,进而通过"社交关系+社交频率"组合形成的网络关联度对其地理网络进行分析,并与"南京总体微博用户"的地理网络特征和规律的相关研究成果(同样以南京市为基点)进行比较,得出高校社交网络在空间规模上聚集度高、等级差异明显,在关联强度上局限性大、不均衡性强等差异性特征,并剖析得出高校社交网络机制形成的地域植根性、社会经济发展差异性,以及高校群体特有的教育资源(学术前沿)空间分布、群体自身特殊性等动因。     

Assessment of natural resources and the policy of subsidies in grain production

Based on the analysis on the status quo of natural resources input in Brain production and on the policy of Brain subsidies, this paper puts forward a new idea - establishing grain subsidies through assessing the value of the natural resources in Brain production. The assessment of the natural resources in Brain production provides rationale and reference standard for the policy of Brain subsidies, which will promote the sustainable use of natural resources accordingly. This paper concludes： （1） it is necessary for the grain subsidies to assess the full value of natural resources, including economic value, ecological value and social value： （2） the government should give farmers direct subsidies or environment subsidies according to the economic and ecological value of natural resources in grain production, （3） the social value of natural resources can be realized by establishing the country social security system, taking the social value as the criterion for the payment for part of farmers＇ insurance.     

人力资源与中国长期经济增长

异常丰富的人力资本是中国经济持续增长的最重要的驱动力,这些人力资本大多积累于1949年之前。1978年后中国经济高速增长,人力资本的效应在其开始阶段尤其明显;在这段时间里,贫困的农村乡镇实现了井喷式增长,虽然它们鲜有外部援助,而这被视为消除绝对贫困必不可少的条件。在研究了人力资本在历史和当今的发展后,通过重点关注海外华侨的财富积累、转型经济体的商业形成以及中国内部的区域差异,本文利用跨国、跨区域的比较,突出了中国尤其是沿海地区的人力资本的不同寻常的深度。     

Natural persons,corporate actors,and constitutions

Extending the concept of efficiency beyond economic markets to social transactions generally, this paper asks the question whether social efficiency might not be better realized by removing the barriers to transactions between political and economic resources. With political rights (i.e. resources) held by natural persons, and economic resources held by corporate actors, such transactions could in principle replace taxation for redistribution, as a more efficient method of redistribution, intrinsic to the socio-political system. Such politico-economic transactions would supplement the primary means of distribution of the social product in an economic system, that is wages for productive labor. In the paper it is argued that this primary means of distribution is increasingly ineffective as the economy becomes increasingly interdependent. This change places an increasing burden on the “second round” of distribution through taxation, and forces consideration of a less defective and more theoretically sound means of supplementary income distribution. Paper was presented at the Organizations, Constitutions, and Liberty conference sponsored by the Liberty Fund, June 21–24, 1990 at the Sheraton Hotel in Crystal City, Virginia.