WTO导致了反倾销的泛滥吗

文章利用1981～2009年15国面板数据,将反倾销国家分为发达国家和发展中国家进行研究,发现了WTO对于发达国家和发展中国家反倾销的影响存在不同。WTO显著增加了发展中国家的对外反倾销,但是却对发达国家的对外反倾销产生了一定程度的抑制作用。文章认为这是由于发达国家和发展中国家关税水平以及WTO对其国内政治经济环境影响不同所造成的。     

WTO成立后国际反倾销案件的国别与行业分析

WTO成立以后,传统贸易壁垒保护国内产业的作用进一步减弱,反倾销以其有效性和合法性成为各国频繁使用的贸易保护手段。通过考察1995—2006年国际反倾销数据,针对国别差异和所涉及行业,分析了国际反倾销的新趋势与特点,比较了发达国家和发展中国家反倾销特点的差异;此外,对东亚和我国所遭受的异乎寻常的反倾销给予重点关注,指出应对针对我国的国际反倾销将是我国对外贸易发展中的一个长期任务。     

对我国发展中国家地位的思考与建议

本文分析了高收入国家与发达国家在概念上的差异,指出不能将世界银行认定高收入国家的标准,作为区分发达国家与发展中国家的标准。本文提出用发达国家末尾集团的人均GDP作为发达国家的"门槛线",并结合日本、韩国、新加坡等国的发展经验,以及国内各省人均GDP发展现状,做出了相应预测:我国人均GDP至少还需要十年才能够达到发达国家"门槛线"。据此,本文认为我国作为全球制造大国、贸易大国,既要认真考虑发展的外溢效应,承担相应大国责任;也要认清发展任务的艰巨性,以便更好地维护我国发展中国家的地位。     

发展中国家公营企业改革的路径选择

公营企业作为国民经济的重要组成部分,在一国经济发展中扮演着举足轻重的角色。但进入2 0世纪80年代以来,各发展中国家公营企业却普遍面临效益低下,亏损严重的困境。为此,各发展中国家纷纷采取了一系列改革措施,主要包括:推行私有化、营造竞争环境、硬化预算约束、运用管理合同等     

后经济危机时代的粮食储备战略

2008年末爆发的经济危机给金融市场造成严重创伤的同时,也使得世界各国纷纷改变以前的粮食储备战略。     

发展中国家服务贸易动态比较优势分析

国际服务贸易的快速发展和结构升级导致发展中国家服务贸易传统比较优势丧失.通过对印度、韩国、新加坡、爱尔兰发展服务贸易的案例研究,总结出发展中国家发展动态比较优势的基本模式和政策路径.发展中国家要摆脱贸易困境,应借鉴动态比较优势理论,巩固现有优势,培育新的要素,发展潜在优势,实现要素和比较优势升级.     

Banks’ unfairness and the vulnerability of low-income unbanked consumers

This paper’s objective was to explore low-income unbanked consumers’ perceptions of bank fairness and the way these perceptions were linked to consumer experiences of vulnerability. Qualitative data were used to analyse low-income consumers’ perceptions about banks’ services and communications. The study finds that although consumers’ financial inclusion is partially hindered by their personal circumstances, the perceived unfair treatment by banks has an even more negative impact on their financial inclusion. Low-income unbanked individuals report banks avoiding them, discriminating against them and impeding their financial inclusion. Banks’ perceived unfairness towards low-income consumers leads those consumers to experience vulnerability in numerous ways. Finally, we provide public policy implications for low-income consumers’ well-being and financial inclusion and to assist them in mitigating their vulnerability.     

Cost analysis of road traffic crashes in China

Abstract

Fatalities and injuries resulting from road traffic crashes is always a serious problem. The overall economic losses caused by road traffic crashes are beyond imagination. Including the economic cost of property damage, productivity loss, medical cost, travel delay time cost, legal cost and insurance cost, the total economic cost of traffic crashes in China in 2017 is calculated as 490.1 billion yuan (72.6 billion USD 2017), which is equivalent to 0.60% of the GDP. The cost of productivity loss accounts for the highest proportion of total economic cost, which is 72%. The second is the travel delay cost, accounting for 12% insurance cost, property damage cost and medical cost are followed. The more serious the injury, the higher the unit economic cost. The unit cost of a crash that caused only property damage is 11,274 yuan. The unit cost of a minor injured crash is 20,223 yuan. The highest unit economic cost is the unit cost of a fatal crash, which is 3,181,394 yuan. This study provides important insights into the cost-benefit analysis of China's road safety policies.     

我国农村现代物流运作模式展望

随着市场化程度的提高,我国农村物流模式呈现出一些新趋势,如以顾客为核心,小批量、个性化,准确性和即时性,可持续发展以及适应性等。本文认为,考虑到目前和未来农村、城镇基础建设、领导者素质以及国内外竞争环境变化等因素,我国农村物流运作模式可设定为功能混合、功能整合、物流一体化和供应链管理等四个阶段,农村物流组织结构应同时在企业内部和企业外部向扁平式智能组织结构模式的方向发展。农用品物流流程再造,在企业内部应以农村物流特点为基础,适应高效率低成本的要求,对企业物流业务流程进行信息化改造;而在企业外部则必须对供应链上各个环节进行系统优化,通过建立供应链战略联盟,对原材料和产成品由供应地流向消费地的所有参与者和所有环节进行一体化管理,实现整条供应链最优化。     

An Assessment of the CETSCALE in a Developing Country

Abstract

Researchers have been exhorted to test the psychometric properties of instruments used in cross cultural studies and ascertain their validity and reliability in order to make the results emanating from the use of such instruments generalisable. This study answers such a call for rigorous evaluation of the psychometric properties of cross-national measures that are valid and reliable. The study reports the findings of an assessment of the psychometric properties of the consumer ethnocentric tendencies scale (CETSCALE) in the developing West African country of Ghana. More specifically, the study explores CETSCALE's unidimensionality, internal consistency, and discriminant validity. The findings of our study are both consistent and inconsistent with the extant literature. In particular, while our analysis indicates that the CETSCALE is internally consistent and exhibits discriminant validity, it is not unidimensional as has been reported in earlier studies. Marketing and research implications of the study are suggested.     

Associations of traffic safety attitudes and ticket fixing behaviours with the crash history of Pakistani drivers

The study assessed whether traffic safety attitudes and ticket fixing behaviours were associated with the crash history. A total of 4018 male drivers from Lahore city participated in this cross sectional study. Most were aged 18–30 years (58.7%, n = 2362), 71.9% (n = 2887) received a traffic ticket, 66.5% (n = 2672) reported previous traffic ticket fixing and 71.3% (n = 2865) considered crashes as being the will of God. Crash history was reported by 95.4% (n = 3821) of drivers, and 58.2% of them reported being involved in a road traffic crash. The likelihood of reporting a previous crash was higher in those who had received a traffic sign violation ticket [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.15–1.72], were involved in traffic ticket fixing (aOR = 1.28; 95%CI = 1.07–1.53), and considered crashes as will of God (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.57–2.22). These results suggested the need for improving traffic enforcement monitoring and safety education in Pakistan.     

浅谈李斯特经济思想与中国崛起

李斯特,德国著名经济学家,贸易保护论的倡导者,政治经济学历史学派的先驱。1841年其代表作《政治经济学的国民体系》（The National System of Political Economy）问世,他在大举批判英法古典经济学的基础之上开拓性的提出了适合经济发展相对落后的经济学说,长久以来被认为是英法古典经济学的反对者。他的思想极大地推动了德国的统一和崛起,并对大批后进的国家产生了重要的影响。     

Road traffic crashes with fatal and non-fatal injuries in Arkhangelsk,Russia in 2005–2010

The study investigated trends in traffic crashes with fatal and non-fatal injuries in Arkhangelsk, Russia in 2005–2010. Data were obtained from the road police. Negative binomial regression with time regressor was used to investigate trends in monthly incidence rates (IRs) of crashes, fatalities, and non-fatal injuries. During the six-year period, the police registered 4955 crashes with fatal and non-fatal injuries, which resulted in 217 fatalities and 5964 non-fatal injury cases. The IR of crashes with fatal and non-fatal injuries per total population showed no evident change, while the IR per increasing total number of motor vehicles decreased on average by 0.6% per month. Pedestrian crashes constituted 51.8% of studied crashes, and pedestrians constituted 54.6% of fatalities and 44.5% of non-fatal injuries. The IRs of pedestrian crashes and non-fatal pedestrian injuries per total population decreased on average by 0.3% per month, and these were the major trends in the data.