浅析制造业物流成本核算体系

物流成本的核算体系对优化经济流程、降低物流成本，加快发展中国现代物流产业具有重要的意义，这迫切需要有符合自己要求、经得起推敲的物流成本核算体系及其实际数据的支撑。而从国内外的差异和混乱中理出头绪，探索科学实用的物流成本分析框架与核算方法，是实现这一目标的先决条件和基础性工作。造成中国物流成本居高不下的关键因素是制造业，困扰商品流程优化的还是制造业。因此，制造业物流成本的实际状况应该是，也必将成为物流成本研究的重点领域。     

MPLS网络负载均衡的聚类算法研究

在分析了常用的几种QoS保障的算法基础上,给出了负载均衡模型,提出应用数据挖掘中的聚类算法求解MPLS网络负载均衡问题。该算法融入权重信息有效地提高了搜索效率。仿真结果证明算法是有效的,显著改善了传统MPLS网络负载均衡路由算法易于导致的网络流量分布不均衡的状况。     

车辆数不确定的软时间窗车辆路径问题的改进遗传算法

综合考虑车辆数和行驶距离两种优化目标,提出了VRPSTW的多目标优化模型,同时提出了解决VRPSTW问题的一种改进遗传算法。在算法中,通过适应度函浸透的变化,较好地解决了多目标优化的问题;通过对交叉算子改进,增加了算法的寻优能力,同时又克服了算法对群体多样性的要求;针对遗传算法局部搜索能力弱的问题。加入了2-opt局部搜索方法,很好地弥补了遗传算法的不足。经过实验,本方法能较好地解决VRPSTW问题,从而对运榆决策提供有力支持。     

Study on the evolutionary optimisation of the topology of network control systems

Computer networks have been very popular in enterprise applications. However, optimisation of network designs that allows networks to be used more efficiently in industrial environment and enterprise applications remains an interesting research topic. This article mainly discusses the topology optimisation theory and methods of the network control system based on switched Ethernet in an industrial context. Factors that affect the real-time performance of the industrial control network are presented in detail, and optimisation criteria with their internal relations are analysed. After the definition of performance parameters, the normalised indices for the evaluation of the topology optimisation are proposed. The topology optimisation problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem and the evolutionary algorithm is applied to solve it. Special communication characteristics of the industrial control network are considered in the optimisation process. In respect to the evolutionary algorithm design, an improved arena algorithm is proposed for the construction of the non-dominated set of the population. In addition, for the evaluation of individuals, the integrated use of the dominative relation method and the objective function combination method, for reducing the computational cost of the algorithm, are given. Simulation tests show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is preferable and superior compared to other algorithms. The final solution greatly improves the following indices: traffic localisation, traffic balance and utilisation rate balance of switches. In addition, a new performance index with its estimation process is proposed.     

二手房价格评估系统设计与研究

针对二手房交易过程中普遍存在的买卖双方信息不对称的问题,设计了一套基于B/S层次化结构的二手房价格评估系统。该系统首先通过网络爬虫从二手房网站收集公开的实时性数据信息,随后对这些数据进行预处理并建立层级化数据库。随后通过非参数回归算法对二手房价格进行评估。实验证明,本系统能够为购房者提供综合、直观的二手房趋势信息,并进行较为准确的估价。对于购房者以及售房者的决策都具有重要的参考价值。     

Sensing and responding to the changes of geometric surfaces in flexible manufacturing and assembly

A flexible manufacturing system is capable of dealing with changes and uncertainties occurring in a manufacturing environment. A rigid automation system adapts changes through reconfiguration or manual modification of its control programmes. In contrast, an advanced system responds to the changes autonomously or with a minimal manual intervention. One critical technology for a flexible manufacturing system is to detect or predict the changes and uncertainties and take them into account for the control of the manufacturing system. In this paper, an intelligent manufacturing system is proposed to accommodate product geometric variants autonomously by integrating a 3D vision system into manufacturing processes. The proposed system is capable of acquiring vision sensor data, detecting the geometric changes, and modifying the control programmes of the machine in response to the changes. In this innovative work, a new method for converting the raw vision sensor data into a surface model of the product is presented. A new surface reconstruction algorithm is proposed to generate the surface model directly from the raw 3D point-cloud data of a product. In addition, an advanced programming algorithm that uses acquired surface models to automatically update robot programmes for a new task with minimal manual intervention is presented.     

Information-based management mode based on value network analysis for livestock enterprises

ABSTRACT

With the development of computer and IT technologies, enterprise management has gradually become information-based management. Moreover, due to poor technical competence and non-uniform management, most breeding enterprises show a lack of organisation in data collection and management. In addition, low levels of efficiency result in increasing production costs. This paper adopts ‘struts2’ in order to construct an information-based management system for standardised and normalised management within the process of production in beef cattle breeding enterprises. We present a radio-frequency identification system by studying multiple-tag anti-collision via a dynamic grouping ALOHA algorithm. This algorithm is based on the existing ALOHA algorithm and uses an improved packet dynamic of this algorithm, which is characterised by a high-throughput rate. This new algorithm can reach a throughput 42% higher than that of the general ALOHA algorithm. With a change in the number of tags, the system throughput is relatively stable.     

基于反向思维进化算法的分布式电源选址和定容

以含分布式电源配电网规划为研究对象,提出一种反向思维的进化算法,对配电网规划中分布式电源的选址和定容进行优化。建立了含分布式电源配电网规划模型,利用Matlab仿真工具对所提算法进行了仿真,算例仿真结果表明,本算法全局搜索能力较强,收敛速度较快,可适用于配电网的规划优化。     

交通视频中几种背景生成算法的比较

背景图像的生成算法在视频交通检测系统中有着重要地位,文章对已有的几种背景图像提取算法进行了比较分析,通过对比得出一种可以在相对较短的时间内生成高质量的背景图像的算法。这种算法简化了运算过程,降低了运算的复杂度,提高了更新效率,更适用于实际的交通视频检测系统。     

Towards a credit network based early warning indicator for crises

This paper presents an agent based model which underlines the importance of credit network and leverage dynamics in determining the resilience of the system, defining an early warning indicator for crises. The model reproduces macroeconomic dynamics emerging from the interactions of heterogeneous banks and firms in an endogenous credit network. Banks and firms are linked through multiple credit relations, which derive from individual target leverage choices: agents choose the more convenient leverage level, according to a basic reinforcement learning algorithm. Simulations are calibrated on balance sheet data of banks and firms quoted in the Japanese stock-exchange markets from 1980 to 2012.     

How should a local regime-switching model be calibrated?

Local regime-switching models are a natural consequence of combining the concept of a local volatility model with that of a regime-switching model. However, even though Elliott et al. (2015) have derived a Dupire formula for a local regime-switching model, its calibration still remains a challenge, primarily due to the fact that the derived volatility function for each state involves all the state price variables whereas only one market price is available for model calibration, and a direct implementation of Elliott et al.’s formula may not yield stable results. In this paper, a closed system for option pricing and data extraction under the classical regime-switching model is proposed with a special approach, splitting one market price into two “market-implied state prices”. The success of our approach hinges on the recovery of the two local volatility functions being transformed into an optimal control problem, which is solved through the Tikhonov regularization. In addition, an efficient algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solution by iteration. Our numerical experiments show that different shapes of local volatility functions can be accurately and stably recovered with the newly-proposed algorithm, and this algorithm also works quite well with real market data.     

基于Apriori算法的一种改进异常入侵检测模型的研究

近年来网络入侵检测系统成为计算机系统安全架构的关键性问题。异常攻击检测效果差是现有系统目前遇到的首要问题。因此,基于数据挖掘技术提出一种模型来预测新颖的攻击并实时生成防火墙规则。运用了Apriori算法来创建一个自动防火墙规则发生器用以监测新的异常攻击。结果表明改进后的算法高效的提高异常入侵检测系统的性能。     

基于分布式缓存机制与数据仓库的多式联运物流决策支持系统

为解决业务数据量的不断增加导致传统物流决策支持系统很难满足企业要求的问题,提出了基于分布式缓存机制与数据仓库的多式联运物流决策支持系统结构,给出了系统的工作流程,并且设计了高效缓存替换算法。该系统包括多数据源组成的基础层;模型库、知识库、数据仓库与式分布式缓存机制组成的处理层;联机分析处理和数据挖掘等组成的应用层,实现了定性与定量相结合的物流决策支持,提高了多式联运物流企业决策效率。     

基于深度强化学习的动态共享单车重置问题研究

共享单车在为城市出行带来便利的同时,也面临着资源分布不平衡问题。针对单车分布动态变化环境下的共享单车重置问题,提出基于强化学习的实时调度策略结构。构建了面向强化学习的共享单车重置问题模型,利用深度确定性策略梯度算法(DDPG)进行求解,以获得实时调度策略。基于实际单车分布数据,构建了调度过程中的环境交互模拟器。最后,利用强化学习在模拟器中进行大规模数据实验,结果表明算法得到的调度策略能提高系统表现,并且效果好于已有方法。     

Eenvoudige mathode voor het interpreteeren van statistisch contröle-materiaal

A simplified method for the working out of statistical control data by means of a suitable abacus is described and explained. A practical example for a population corresponding to the Normal (Gaussian) Curve is given. This method can also be applied to Frequency Distributions not obeying the Law of Gauss, provided they can be represented by a known mathematical function.
A simplified method for the compilation of statistical data concerning weights by means of a balance provided with numerators, is described.
The possibility of the application of a system of numerators to automatic dosing machines is discussed, by means of which control, based on random sampling, could be replaced by weighing dosages individually.     

Do cash flows reported by firms articulate with their income statements and balance sheets? Descriptive evidence from Finland

Using data for a sample of listed Finnish firms for 1995–97 this paper examines the coincidence of reported cash flows with corresponding cash flows estimated from income statement and balance sheet data. The issue is important in light of prior empirical studies that have analysed the properties and usefulness of cash flow information derived from income statements and balance sheets. In addition, financial analyses of firms not disclosing cash flow statements are implicitly based on the assumption that income statements and balance sheets are useful in producing unbiased and efficient estimates of cash flows. The overall findings indicate that reported cash flows do not always articulate with income statements and balance sheets and that non-articulation can be observed in cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. The differences between reported and estimated cash flows prove to be mostly random. The findings on cash flows from operating activities indicate that differences attributable to operating income and working capital are partially countervailing. The findings also suggest that the differences do not materially affect firms' relative rankings based on financial ratios. A detailed analysis of an individual company indicates that differences arising from the allocation of short-term liabilities to operating and financing activities can be important. Overall, the results call for the refinement of the standards and guidelines of cash flow reporting practices.     

Robust design in multivariate systems using genetic algorithms

This paper presents a methodology based on genetic algorithms, which finds feasible and reasonably adequate solutions to problems of robust design in multivariate systems. We use a genetic algorithm to determine the appropriate control factor levels for simultaneously optimizing all of the responses of the system, considering the noise factors which affect it. The algorithm is guided by a desirability function which works with only one fitness function although the system may have many responses. We validated the methodology using data obtained from a real system and also from a process simulator, considering univariate and multivariate systems. In all cases, the methodology delivered feasible solutions, which accomplished the goals of robust design: obtain responses very close to the target values of each of them, and with minimum variability. Regarding the adjustment of the mean of each response to the target value, the algorithm performed very well. However, only in some of the multivariate cases, the algorithm was able to significantly reduce the variability of the responses.     

Environmental efficiency measurement and the materials balance condition

The materials balance condition is a fundamental adding up condition, which essentially says that: “what goes in must come out”. In this paper we argue that a number of the recently developed methods of incorporating pollution measures into standard productive efficiency models may be inconsistent with this fundamental condition. We propose an alternative method that involves the incorporation of the materials balance concept into the production model in a similar manner to which price information is normally incorporated. This produces a new environmental efficiency measure that can be decomposed into technical and allocative components, in a similar manner to the conventional cost efficiency decomposition. The approach is illustrated with the case of phosphorus emission on Belgian pig-finishing farms, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods. Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of nutrient pollution on these farms can be abated in a cost reducing manner.     

决策树算法在大学生心理档案系统中的应用研究

本文充分利用已有的学生心理测量结果与学生的基本信息,将数据挖掘技术嵌入到心理档案系统中,使用C4.5算法生成了决策树,并提出了一种新的决策树剪枝方法,该剪枝方法能够有效地屏蔽掉置信度较低的导出规则,极大提高了导出规则的有效性和准确性,为构建科学的大学生心理档案服务体系和模式奠定坚实基础,使大学生心理档案系统在心理健康教育中发挥高效、便捷的作用。     

HSDPA中支持实时业务的分组调度算法研究

分析研究了HSDPA中支持实时业务的调度算法M-LWDF和EXP,M-LWDF算法在吞吐量性能的提升是以牺牲用户公平性为代价的,为了降低分组数据包被丢弃的概率,提高系统调度性能,引入改进的M-LWDF算法,该算法通过提升信道条件差的用户的优先级来提高用户公平性,并从吞吐量和分组时延两方面进行仿真,MATLAB仿真结果表明,改进的M-LWDF算法提高了用户的公平性,但这种公平性是以降低吞吐量为代价的。