Limited access to services for the urban poor in Windhoek,Namibia

The majority of the population living in the informal settlements of Windhoek, Namibia, have limited access to public municipal services. This paper integrates results from a sample of 97 randomly selected households, interviews with experts and community leaders and review of literature to describe and analyse the relationship between land tenure and municipal services in the informal settlements. Findings from our study show that formalised land tenure is a condition for households to access municipal services privately. However, 85% of the sample of the households in the informal settlements do not own land under current land tenure policy. Further, the need for communities ‘to own land’ seemed more immediate and pressing compared to water access, which is seen as a way to govern themselves towards raising funds for land acquisition. But lack of land ownership remains a constraint.     

信息经济如何改变企业家的战略思维

美国和西方发达国家自80年代以来已经发生经济结构由工业经济向信息经济的转变和过渡。在信息经济中,知识和智力技术的应用成为生产力的主要因素。由此而产生:劳动力构成的改变、市场部门的改变、竞争方式的改变、企业运作模式的改变等。在这一转变中,一切经济部门都不得不重新定位自己,重新思考自己的战略计划和管理方式,以便适应社会经济向信息经济的转变这一新环境。企业的     

Supply and demand macro-econometric model of a small economy: evidence from Namibia

This study develops a macro-econometric model for the Namibian economy. This macro-econometric model estimates both the demand and supply sides of the Namibian economy. This model incorporates the price sector, in order to serve as a link between the supply and demand sides of the economy. The model consists of behavioural equations, linked by identities and definitions. These behavioural equations were estimated and simulated individually. They were then combined together to form a full macro-econometric model of the Namibian economy. The full macro-econometric model was closed using two models. The first model activates the supply side and marginalises the demand side. The second model is demand side orientated, which activates the demand side and marginalises the supply side. The results indicate that the estimated values closely approximate the actual values. This macro-econometric model can be used to apply policy simulations, in order to determine appropriate economic policies for Namibia.     

Migration in the world economy of 1870–1914

The period form 1870 to the First World War was a period in which the international movement of people was less restricted than in any other period of modern times. Large income differential led to large and sustained rates of migration from resource-poor to resource-rich countries. High rates of natural population growth and a respective increase in population-related costs enforced this migration to an extent never seen before or thereafter. In addition, migration was strengthened by large decreases in transportation costs. During the first four decades of this period, transportation costs decreased to one sixth, but then rose substantially in the course of World War I.     

自主创新与转变经济增长方式之研究

自主创新能力和科技进步已经成为社会经济发展的决定力量和各国综合实力竞争的焦点。自主创新是劳动力、资本、自然资源、技术、知识和管理等多种生产要素的新组合。而这些生产要素之间的和谐又构成经济增长方式的本质特征。国家应当注重技术创新、体制创新、文化理念创新和人才观念创新,促进经济增长方式的转变,增强企业在国内外市场的竞争力,从而实现国家经济、社会发展的目标。     

广东加快转变经济发展方式问题研究

加快转变经济发展方式是全面建设小康社会的重大战略举措,是广东有效破解多方面瓶颈制约,继续保持经济社会又好又快发展的内在要求。分析了当前广东经济社会发展面临的问题,探讨加快广东经济发展方式转变的路径与措施。     

广东四大经济强市:广州、深圳、佛山、东莞经济社会发展引发的思考

本文结合广东四大经济强市经济和社会发展的特点,主要从城市竞争力优势、产生的引力效应、扩散效应及存在的问题等方面进行了详尽地思考。     

Structural change in the Chinese economy and changing trade relations with the world

This paper examines the impact of structural change in China, in particular a reduction in the savings rate, an increase in the share of skilled workers, and an increase in productivity in technologically advanced manufacturing sectors targeted by Made in China 2025. Baseline projections until 2040 are generated with the WTO Global Trade Model, a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. With the modelled structural changes, the Chinese economy is projected to reorient its focus increasingly onto the domestic economy, raising the share of private household and government consumption in GDP, turning China's trade surplus into a trade deficit, reducing China's share in global exports, raising the share of services in both production and exports, shifting the destination markets of Chinese exports from developed to developing countries, and changing its pattern of comparative advantage away from sectors like light and heavy manufacturing to electronic and machinery equipment. The large bilateral trade surplus vis-a-vis the United States is projected to fall to almost zero.     

Corporate social responsibility,mining and sustainable development in Namibia: Critical reflections through a relational lens

For its advocates, corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents a powerful tool through which business and particularly multinationals can play a more direct role in global sustainable development. For its critics, however, CSR rarely goes beyond business as usual, and is often a cover for business practices with negative implications for communities and the environment. This paper explores the relationship between CSR and sustainable development in the context of mining in Namibia. Drawing upon extant literatures on the geographies of responsibility, and referencing in-country empirical case-study research, a critical relational lens is applied to consider their interaction both historically and in the present.     

和平共处五项原则与中国社会经济的发展

今年是和平共处五项原则提出50周年,历史证明:五项原则是具有强大生命力的、经得起考验的、指导国际关系的准则.它将继续对中国的外交政策和经济发展产生深远的影响.     

江苏农村经济和社会发展的启示与思考

江苏省在"两个率先"战略指引下,围绕"全面达小康,建设新江苏"的奋斗目标,进入新世纪以来,加强了对农村工作的领导,加大了对农业的投入,加快了农民富裕的步伐,农村经济和社会发展出现了欣欣向荣的可喜景象,已经开始了农业产业化、农村城市化、农民市民化的伟大转变。     

洼地效应与东莞经济社会双转型探讨

东莞由于特殊的区位优势而受惠于周边大城市的扩散效应,弱政府的放任激发了地方的积极性,使经济获得高速发展。然而,随着经济差距的缩小,扩散效应的减弱,成本提高形成的挤出效应,东莞弱政府导致社会问题的激化,东莞作为政策的洼地日益明显,有被边缘化的可能,只有尽快加强东莞政府的社会管理与服务能力,进一步完善地方自治与居民自治,提高地方的积极性,才有可能依靠制度转型的后发优势,实现中部崛起。     

河南省城镇居民消费结构的比较实证分析

本文根据扩展线性支出系统模型的计算结果,通过横向和纵向比较,发现河南省城镇居民消费水平已经提高,消费结构已经得到提升,交通通信等享受性支出已经成为重点消费支出项目,但基本生存型消费仍然占较大比重,而且城镇居民收入差距对消费状况造成一定程度的影响。为此,提高河南省城镇居民收入水平是解决问题的根本途径,同时,消费信贷种类的增加,社会保障水平的提高等也是解决问题的有效方法。     

东莞经济社会双转型的理性分析和政策路径

本文介绍了东莞经济社会双转型的主要内容,分析了东莞经济社会双转型的特点,指出了东莞经济社会双转型存在的难点问题,并提出了相应的对策,对于人们了解东莞有一定的帮助。     

城乡经济社会发展差距劳动力要素研究

随着我国城市化进程的不断深入,城乡二元经济结构使城乡差距逐渐拉大,社会矛盾凸现,这不仅影响了社会的稳定,而且不利于社会的持续协调发展。本文通过对近年来我国城乡居民收入差距、生活质量、社会事业发展等方面的数据对比分析,揭示出我国当前城乡经济社会发展现状;借助经典经济学理论对城乡经济社会差距的劳动力要素给予分析,进而结合我国实践得出结论。