Interindustry Technology Flows and Productivity in Finnish Manufacturing

The paper examines the importance of interindustry technology flows in finnish manufacturing in the 1980s and early 1990s. An attempt is made to distinguish between embodied technology flows and spillovers, so clarifying the spillover concept.Embodied technology covers intermediate goods and capital equipment. The embodied technology data that have been used are partly based on input—output analysis, while the spillover estimates presented are based on measures of technological distance based on the industry-specific distributions of R&D expenditures. Econometric analysis of the effects of the various technology inputs on total factor productivity implies that technology embodied in foreign machinery, domestic spillovers and, to some extent, the firms' own R&D have been the most important technology sources on average.     

国内外企业技术创新策略的博弈分析

入世后我国企业面临着国外企业日益加强的竞争压力,技术创新成为企业的重要选择。本文从技术创新成本的角度,建立了国内企业与国外企业技术创新竞争的静态博弈模型,根据模型,当国外企业以规模扩张为竞争目标时,我国企业只能选择渐进式的技术创新战略。     

Technology Flows Matrix Estimation Revisited

This paper revisits the methodological problems of estimating matrices showing how technological advances--measured by industry research and development outlays--flow from industries of origin to using industries. An early effort relied upon the analysis of 15 112 US patents. Several alternative methods are explored to address methodological questions concerning the choice of carrier matrices, the handling of diagonal elements, and the treatment of capital goods flows. Technology flow matrices estimated using diverse combinations of assumptions are tested for goodness-of-fit relative to the original patent-based matrix and for their ability to "predict' productivity growth in Solowian regression equations. Although some anomalies emerge, the best results are obtained using combined first-order transactions and capital flows matrices with diagonal elements adjusted to reflect the ratio of internal process to all R&D spending. However, flow data compiled using the Leontief inverse matrix add explanatory power in productivity growth regressions.     

关心下一代科技教育,建设创新型社会

创新是一个民族的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。通过开展"科技创新进校园"、科技创新进社区"等系列主题活动,探索科技创新教育的新途径,对青少年进行科技创新教育,普及科学知识,弘扬科技创新精神,激发青少年一代对科技创新的兴趣与热爱。     

技术创新能力的影响因素分析——基于中部六省面板数据的实证研究

人力资本(主要是高科技人才)是技术创新的源泉,制度创新能够极大优化科技资源配置,提高技术产出效率。本文运用面板数据通过建立固定效应变截距知识生产函数模型,对中国中部六省技术创新能力及其影响因素进行分析,结果发现科研机构、企业对中部地区科技进步具有显著的正向促进作用,大学对区域技术进步不但没有贡献,反而反作用十分明显。中部崛起战略有赖于中部六省合理配置科技资源投入,吸引高科技人才,大力开展制度创新。     

企业技术创新的三要素

认为企业的组织结构、产品设计思想和设计技术是企业技术创新的三要素,并分别对这三个要素进行了创新分析.     

技术差距、知识产权保护与后发国技术进步

已有研究知识产权保护的国际技术扩散模型都假定后发国只进行模仿，不进行自主创新，并且没有考虑技术差距和模仿能力对知识产权保护制度安排的影响。本文基于中间产品种类扩张的内生增长模型，考虑了知识产权保护在鼓励自主创新和模仿国外技术两难中的权衡，认为知识产权保护对后发国技术进步的影响取决于技术差距和对国外技术的模仿能力。并据此分析了我国相关政策的选择。     

Technology Flows Between Industries: Identification and Productivity Effects

This paper investigates whether the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC) succeeds in identzbing technology flows between sectors. As a test, total factor productivity (TFP)-R&D regressions based on the YTC matrix are compared with regressions using technology flow data constructed fram input–output matrices and randomly created interindusty linkages. Because results based on the YTC do not dzffer markedly from the other estimates, one cannot easily infer @om the empirical evidence whether the YTC matrix appropriately captures interindusty technology flows or not.     

“金砖国家”创新体系的技术效率与单因素效率评价

基于国家创新体系效率评价的两阶段模型,运用数据包络分析及其改进方法,对“金砖国家”创新体系的技术效率与单因素效率进行全面测度,并与美国等发达国家进行比较分析。研究发现,“金砖国家”研发效率远远低于发达国家水平,科技向经济的转化效率则正在赶超发达国家;两阶段的单因素效率都普遍偏低,尤其是政府研发投入效率与专利产出效率。     

Roadmapping for technology push and partnership: A contribution for open innovation environments

There are several tools in the literature that support innovation in organizations. Some of the most cited are the so-called technology roadmapping methods, also known as TRM. However, these methods are designed primarily for organizations that adopt the market pull strategy of technology-product integration. Organizations that adopt the technology push integration strategy are neglected in the literature. Furthermore, with the advent of open innovation, it is possible to note the need to consider the adoption of partnerships in the innovation process. Thus, this study proposes a method of technology roadmapping, identified as method for technology push (MTP), applicable to organizations that adopt the technology push integration strategy, such as SMEs and independent research centers in an open-innovation environment. The method was developed through action-research and was assessed from two analytical standpoints: externally, via a specific literature review on its theoretical contributions, and internally, through the analysis of potential users' perceptions on the feasibility of applying MTP. The results indicate both the unique character of the method and its perceived implementation feasibility. Future research is suggested in order to validate the method in different types of organizations     

Inside the high-tech black box: A critique of technology entrepreneurship policy

Promoting new technology-based firms is the cornerstone of technology entrepreneurship policies in advanced industrial economies. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence from the UK, this paper provides a critique of these policy frameworks. The aggregate analysis shows that vast majority of these firms are micro firms, a small minority of whom grow rapidly. The paper then highlights the incongruence between the nature of these firms and the public sector technology policies designed to support them. The qualitative data reveals that typically these firms are corporate rather than university spin-offs; most do not undertake large amounts of in-house R&D; most do not have protected IP; and only a small minority are VC-backed. Most derive their main competitive advantages from open innovation sources such as relationships with end-users and customers. The paper offers suggestions for how policy could be recalibrated to better reflect the requirements of local entrepreneurial actors and the types of support required by most high-tech SMEs.     

世博会与信息技术互动关系分析

信息技术是当今世界经济社会发展的重要驱动力，而它在大型节事的举办和开展中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。文章以世博会为例，对历届世博会与信息技术及其产品的发展状况进行了回顾，在此基础上重点分析了上海世博会与信息技术两者之间的内在关系，从而为世博会与信息技术间的有效结合提供借鉴。     

浅析江苏高校的科技发展

高校的科技发展影响着区域乃至国家的竞争力。本文运用SWOT法对江苏高校的科技发展进行分析,并通过有效方案全面优化高校环境,释放高校创新能力,有效推动区域发展。     

中国汽车工业中技术转移对技术进步影响的实证分析

本文对我国汽车工业1997到2008年时间序列数据,应用Engle—Granger协整检验和格兰杰因果关系检验的方法,就技术转移对技术进步的影响进行实证分析。结果表明,在我国的汽车工业中,技术转移与技术进步存在长期稳定关系,技术转移并没有促进技术进步,而技术进步促进了技术转移。最后,基于这个实证结果,本文提出了相应的政策与建议。     

Technology transfer executives' backwards integration: An examination of interactions between university technology transfer executives and principal investigators

This paper examines interactions between technology transfer office (TTO) executives and publicly funded principal investigators (PIs) within the university. Although both actors make important contributions to value creation at the base of the triple helix, their identities remain under development and their interactions have been the subject of little if any empirical inquiry. Drawing on identity transitions and role boundaries, we suggest that PIs’ forward integration in the innovation process and the persistence of strong role boundaries with TTO executives hinders the value-creating potential of their interactions. To examine this issue we study how TTO executives surmount role boundaries to secure effective engagement with PIs. Based on 42 interviews with (15) TTO executives and (27) PIs in New Zealand our results make a number of contributions. For literature we find that TTO executives are leveraging shared ties with funding agencies to offer assistance in the preparation of PIs’ grant applications. Specifically, our findings indicate that TTO executives are probing deeper within the university and becoming more valued at the input side of the value chain as a key intermediary between university and funding bodies than between university and industry. Notably, we find this backward integration by TTOs is timely given PIs’ perceptions that TTO executives have difficulties mastering capabilities related to their more recognized expertise in market validation, business development and industry connectivity. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice, none more so than the challenges they present for the identity work of TTO executives at the micro-foundations of the triple helix.     

基于产业集群的技术创新扩散动力因素分析

本文在探讨产业集群和技术创新扩散基本内涵的基础上,结合产业集群与技术创新扩散的条件和路径关系,对产业集群内部和外部环境与技术创新扩散动力因素的自强关系进行了分析,发现技术创新扩散从创新源开始阶段扩散就已经开始,并影响着技术创新扩散的效果.     

论空间信息在现代物流中的作用

在经历了10年左右的研究实践，我国的物流管理技术已经成为企业发展的重要组成部分和技术支撑。在另一方面，以GIS、GPS、RS为代表的空间信息技术和现代物流管理技术的飞速发展。物流技术和空间信息技术．这二者集成已成为现代物流管理发展的必然趋势，空间物流信息系统作为一个新的研究领域应运而生。本文力图阐述空间信息系统的特点及其在物流领域的应用，从而说明空间信息技术在现代物流中的重要地位和现代物流的发展趋势。     

中国物流产业生命周期的研究

文章简要描述中国物流行业发展数据,并结合产业生命周期理论、需求生命周期理论、客户生命周期理论、经济学理论分析了中国物流产业生命周期和发展趋势。认为中国物流产业的生命周期可能呈现"阶梯形"状态。最后给出影响中国物流产业生命周期未来发展的主要市场因素和中国物流产业的主导方向。     

效率视角下技术结构调整与经济发展方式转变

本文提出了技术结构与经济发展方式的机理系统,揭示了合理的技术结构能够促进经济发展方式的良性转变,而保持合理技术结构的关键就是提升高等技术的研发投入效率。选取中国长三角地区的面板数据,以效率为视角将技术结构纳入投入要素,采用基于投入产出效率的DEA方法进行了实证分析,证实了经济发展方式最终是由技术结构系统内生出来的高等技术研发效率所决定的。针对效率损失,计算出了技术结构的改进值作为参照。最后,针对上述地区合理利用技术结构的现状,提出了相应对策。     

Technology Transfer to China: A Theoretical Approach

SUMMARY

Various economic theories can be used to shed some light on the complex phenomenon of technology transfer between two firms belonging to two distinct economies. Vernon's PLC model, Dunning's eclectic theory, and Coase's and Williamson's transaction cost theory highlight various aspects of the firm's transnational economic and business relations. Moreover, the new international trade theories and the more modern concept of National Innovation System emphasize technology as a crucial variable in the determination of commercial flows and of economic growth. Our theoretical approach goes beyond these various approaches in that it is designed to reflect the complexities of the economic, socio-cultural and political conditions prevailing in the recipient country. In particular, the ability of recipient countries to use their bargaining power is highlighted. The case of technology transfer in the Chinese telecommunications equipment industry will illustrate our general framework.